Hemostasiogram. What is it during pregnancy, what is the difference with coagulation, decoding performance analysis

Hemostasiogram - a set of laboratory analysis of the blood coagulation system. Such medical specialists examination prescribed for the increased risk of thrombosis.

What is hemostasiogram

The study of the hemostatic system, responsible for hemostasis in vascular lesions, called hemostasiogram. This test helps to study the work arrangements, to maintain a certain consistency of the blood in the body.

testimony

To prevent or timely detection of many pathological processes in the body, it is necessary to carry out studies of blood clotting.

The main indications for the purpose of laboratory examination are:

• the threat of miscarriage or premature labor;
• expansion of the superficial veins of the lower limbs, accompanied by inadequate functioning of the valve apparatus and improper blood flow;
• abnormal termination of development of the fetus in the early stages of gestation pregnancy in history;
• congenital disorder of coagulation;

  

• occasional spontaneous bleeding;
• formation of disseminated blood clots in the vessels of the microvasculature;
• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura;
• negative results of previous studies of blood coagulation;
• addictions and habits;
• severe pathology of the hepatobiliary system;
• endocrine hormonal disorders;
• diseases of the urinary system;
• pathological condition of the myocardium and blood vessels;
• mixed connective tissue autoimmune diseases;
• partial bleeding from the nasal cavity;
• the tendency to form subcutaneous hematomas;
• toxemia of late pregnancy;
• fetus in utero development of the backlog;
• multiple pregnancy;
• long-term use of anticoagulants;
• coronary heart disease;
• acute inflammatory processes in the body;
• surgery;
• in vitro fertilization;
• causeless bleeding gums.

Hemostasiogram and coagulation: what is the difference

Hemostasiogram - it is the study of venous blood, which includes all performance liquid connective tissue, taking part in the hemostatic system functioning:

• red blood cell component;
• small plates generated in the bone marrow;
• the volume of red blood cells;
• white cells of the immune system;
• the proportion of whole blood, which is taken on platelets.

Coagulation shows the degree of coagulation in humans, whereas hemostasiogram shows a process operating the proenzyme-enzyme cascade.

Extended and normal hemostasiogram

Blood coagulation system is responsible for some of the processes occurring in the body:

• It supports inside blood vessels in liquid state;
• It responds to damage to the body and is responsible for starting the mechanism stopping bleeding.

The name of the study	Indicators
Basic hemostasiogram	activated partial tromboplasticheskoe time - this is an indicator measuring the right internal and common clotting; the formation of a fibrin clot in plasma; final stage clotting disorders; Prothrombin activity; Assessment defilitafaktorov prothrombin complex; soluble complexes of fibrin monomer; Factor 1 plasma coagulation system; ratio of prothrombin time patient to a standard average prothrombin time; the number of blood cells, small blood plates.
Expanded hemostasiogram	plasma protein factor having major inhibitory effect on the rolling process; immunoglobulin class IgG antiphospholipid - a component of cell membranes; small fragment of the protein, fibrin degradation product, which is present in the blood after the destruction of a thrombus; synthesized in the liver vitamin K-dependent protein becomes an active protease using thrombin; Basic indicators hemostasiogram.

Advantages and disadvantages of the study

Hemostasiogram - this (such an examination, doctors prescribe different profiles) analysis of venous blood.

Screening of the coagulation system has pros and cons:

Benefits

disadvantages

can qualitatively assess the state of the system is responsible for stopping the bleeding; in a test, you can adjust the patient's hemostasis; availability; low cost of the survey; test makes it possible to recognize a large number of pathological processes associated with bleeding disorders; hemostasiogram indicators are of great importance in the treatment of patients with oncological diseases; screening provides a specialist to trace Effectiveness prescribed therapy and adjust the dosing regimen; deviations in the laboratory study can indicate long-term activation of flowing the pathological process in the organism.

variability laboratory procedures that may produce different results; Screening does not determine the exact cause of the deviation; when the negative results of the study need to make additional tests; to determine test values ​​need sufficient time; it is impossible to quickly assess the status of the coagulation system; Not all doctors can interpret qualitative analysis result.

Analysis reveals that

Analysis on the work of hemostasis in the first place brings out all kinds of pathology of blood clotting.

The study also can diagnose the following disease states:

• Varicose veins;
• clonal neoplastic disease of the circulatory system;
• violation of myocardial blood supply due to coronary artery disease;
• inflammatory diseases of the hepatobiliary system;
• proliferation of connective tissue in the liver;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• thrombocytopenic purpura;
• Libman-Sacks disease;
• mixed connective tissue disease;
• biliary cirrhosis;
• viral infection;
• lack of vitamins in the body;
• tuberculosis;
• acute ischemic stroke;
• uterine artery thrombosis;
• diseases of the lymphatic system;
• malignancies kidney;
• Lung lesion of blood vessels;
• chronic obstructive disease of the respiratory system;
• myeloproliferative blood pathology;
• anemia;
• destruction of red blood cells to release hemoglobin into the plasma;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• liver parenchymal damage;
• pulmonary embolism;
• disseminated intravascular coagulation;
• autoimmune pathology fetal development;
• activation of blood coagulation system;
• nephrotic syndrome;
• risk of spontaneous abortion;
• acquired immunodeficiency syndrome;
• ulcerative colitis;
• viral hepatitis;
• diabetes;
• oxygen deficiency fetus;
• venous thromboembolism;
• myocardial infarction;
• incorrect treatment drug prevents blood clotting;
• serious bodily injury;
• thrombosis of major arteries;
• bleeding into joints, muscles and internal organs;
• chronic spontaneous bleeding.

Training

Such a survey as hemostasiogram requires some training, this is due to the quality assurance of the laboratory test.

Basic Rules:

• Venous blood must be taken strictly on an empty stomach;
• 12 hours before the procedure is necessary to exclude the use of:

1. alcoholic beverages;
2. fatty foods;

• limit the exercise;
• sleep well;
• per day only clean water to drink prior to screening;
• at the time of the study is necessary to refuse to accept pharmaceutical products;
• in the case of non-repudiation of medicines should inform the doctor-laboratory assistant;
• Venous blood must be taken before any medical procedures;
• with a planned inspection of women should be considered days of menstruation, which may adversely affect the result of the analysis.

How to get tested

The procedure for blood sampling to assess the work of the blood coagulation system standard:

• before manipulation medic laboratory processes elbow bend antiseptic;
• using 10 ml syringe made puncture skin and fence required amount of venous blood;
• the procedure takes no more than 2 minutes;
• re-lubricated injection site with disinfectant;
• pressed with a cotton sponge;
• material for the study sent to the laboratory to determine the necessary parameters.

Normal levels of coagulation

Hemostasiogram - it is a survey that assesses the complex work of the blood coagulation system.

indicator name	Norm
Colorless protein dissolved in the blood plasma	2-4 g / l
Activated partial thromboplastin time	25-46 seconds
The extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation	10-17 seconds
prothrombin index	94-106%
International normalized ratio	0,99-1,24
antithrombin	70-114%
Anticoagulant antiphospholipid	0,84-1,19 g / l
Fibrin degradation products	33,4-727,4 ng / ml
protein C	93-123%
platelets	175-325 U / L
protein S	80-110%
The soluble fibrin monomer complexes	0-39 ug / ml

deciphering deviations

Hemostasiogram includes a number of parameters, which deviation may be indicative of many pathological processes in the body.

indicator name	increase	decrease
Colorless protein dissolved in the blood plasma	viral infection; inflammatory diseases triggered by bacteria and fungi; acute impairment of cerebral circulation; damage to the heart muscle caused by circulatory disturbance; insufficient production of thyroid hormone thyroxine; a complex disease that causes the deposition of amyloid protein in the tissues of the body; malignant neoplasms; burn disease; operations; a state of heightened tension in the body.	consumption coagulopathy; pathology of the hepatobiliary system; connective liver damage; gestation period of gestation; and the lack of an overabundance of vitamin; malignant disease of the blood and bone marrow, with excessive formation of granulocytes; poisoning poisonous secretions of the salivary glands of snakes; anabolic steroids; therapy of male sex hormones.
Activated partial thromboplastin time	hereditary blood clotting deficiency; coagulation consumption; autoimmune hypercoagulable state; habitual abortions.	severe hepatic disease processes with connective tissue changes; lipophilic vitamin K deficiency; diffuse connective tissue disease; 1st stage of thrombus syndrome.
Extrinsic pathway clotting	inherited bleeding disorder with autosomal recessive type; hemorrhagic diathesis; trombogemorragichesky syndrome; thrombolytic therapy; anticoagulation; Libman-Sacks disease.	disseminated thrombus formation under hypercoagulation.
prothrombin index	dehydration; predynfarkt; acute myocardial insufficiency of blood circulation; an increase in serum total amount of globulins; therapy: corticosteroids; psychotropic drugs;anti-allergic drugs; excessive production of red blood cells.	hereditary deficiency of prothrombin in the blood; fibrinogenopenii; hemorrhagic diathesis newborns; lack of nutrition lipophilic vitamin; thyroid replacement therapy; NSAIDs.
International normalized ratio	biliary cirrhosis; inflammatory diseases of the digestive system; deficiency of vitamin K; violation of protein metabolism; glomerular kidney disease; nonspecific consumption coagulopathy; genetic bleeding disorders; fibrinoasteniya.	Third trimester of pregnancy; Acute occlusion of the vessel by a blood clot; the use of hormonal contraceptives; glucocorticoid therapy.
antithrombin	viral liver disease; Pathology of pancreatic cancer; reduction of the concentration of the lipophilic vitamin.	diseases of the hepatobiliary system; hereditary antithrombin deficiency; the formation of a blood clot inside a deep vein.
Anticoagulant antiphospholipid	systemic autoimmune processes; chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa; cancer pathology; the inability to conceive a child; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; acute circulatory disorders of cerebral vessels; blockage of the arteries of the placenta; threat to fetal death.
protein C	during pregnancy.	viral liver disease; insufficient production of insulin by pancreatic gland hormone; thrombophlebitis of deep veins of the lower extremities; changes in hepatic parenchyma; anticoagulation.
Product febrina disintegration	blood clots within deep vein; progressive disease that begins with atherosclerosis; blockage of the arteries that supply the lungs with blood; in the post operative period; disseminated intravascular coagulation.	increased risk of internal bleeding.
protein S	trudnoostanavlivaemyh risk of bleeding.	genetic deficiency of protein S; pathology of the hepatobiliary system; generalized edema; systemic connective tissue disease; the use of hormonal contraceptives; pregnancy; postpartum period.
platelets	neoplastic diseases of the blood and lymphatic system; acute inflammatory processes; anemia; infecting organism tubercle bacillus; postoperative period.	menstrual cycle; viral infection of the body; systemic connective tissue disease; lack of cobalt-containing active substances in the body; abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
The soluble fibrin monomer complexes	trombogemorragichesky syndrome.

Hemostasiogram during pregnancy

During gestation pregnancy all women body systems subjected to additional stress, so you need full control over the operation of hematopoiesis.

Coagulation screening during pregnancy is aimed at control of the circulatory system and clotting due to increased activity of the zymogen-enzyme cascade. Timely evaluation of the work of hemostasis helps prevent potential blood loss during labor and eliminate the pathology of fetal development.

Hemostasiogram gynecologists administered to patients at their first visit antenatal clinic and before delivery to the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The analysis should be done only in the morning on an empty stomach. Before the procedure can be used only pure water.

Deviations from the norm may indicate emerging pathologies:

• consumption coagulopathy;
• autoimmune connective tissue disease;
• toxicosis;
• lipophilic vitamin K deficiency;
• the threat of spontaneous abortion and preterm labor;
• lack of oxygen to the fetus;
• a huge risk of bleeding.

Where to get tested

Transcript of hemostasis can be made in private laboratories and health care facilities to provide outpatient care. For tests in the clinic must have a referral from a doctor and an insurance policy.

The procedure does not require financial outlay. For testing in commercial clinics need to pay. The cost of the survey varies from 1450 rubles. up to 3850 rubles.

Hemostasiogram - a laboratory evaluation of teamwork biological circulatory system in the human body. Such an analysis will help to prevent the development of many pathological processes in the body.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video on the analysis hemostasiogram

Analysis coagulation in normal and variances: