Reduction in blood platelets. The reason for women, men and children. What does treatment

Uniform blood cells without nuclei involved in blood coagulation called platelets. They are necessary to protect the walls of blood vessels and prevent bleeding. It is important to monitor blood platelets to prevent their decline. Reasons for change in blood cell levels can help identify the therapist or hematologist.

What are platelets and their functions in the body

Small blood cells produced in the bone marrow, called platelets. They have no nucleus, but there are 200 beads. Distinguish young adults and mature cells, having a circular or oval shape. The average size ranges from 2 to 5 microns.

In contact with the inside of the blood vessels or heart cells are activated cavities. They are produced processes by which they close the damaged tissue and stop the bleeding (adhesion process).

Due to platelet factors (adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, thromboxane) are formed specific compound (lysozyme, B-lysine). They protect the body from harmful bacteria.

The lifespan of the platelet is between 7 to 12 days, after which their destruction occurs in the spleen, liver or lungs. Pseudopodia allow blood cells move into the bloodstream, to capture foreign cells and form a blood clot, preventing bleeding. They also maintain hemostasis (blood clotting) and deliver nutrients endothelium.

Major platelet function:

Title	Description
Protective	Blood cells protect the human organism from pathogenic bacteria by trapping them and disintegrating them together.
immune	The protective function of blood cells increases the body's resistance to various diseases, infections and external factors.
Construction	As construction material platelets support the formation of new tissue, closing damage.
transport	Through blood cells obtained vessels necessary nutrients, maintaining their integrity and elasticity.

Platelets are important for the human body, without them even sudden movements can cause tissue damage and bleeding.

As conditions under which the platelets are produced

The megakaryocyte cytoplasm (the largest bone marrow cell) ripen separation membranes, which are divided into small fragments.

So there are separate blood cells, maturation which takes 7 days. Next they enter the blood and perform their functions for 12 days.

Table platelet indicator OK

Decrease in blood platelets (the cause must be established in a short time to get timely treatment and prevent complications) is a deviation from the established norm and indicates the development of pathological processes. With insufficient amount of vessels become weak and vulnerable. Platelets are vital for the human body.

Typical levels of blood cells, given the different ages:

Age	Platelets (th. / L)
Women	men
1-14 days	215-415	140-440
2-4 weeks	245-586	275-570
4-8 weeks	229-560	330-595
to 6 months	244-525	247-580
up to 2 years	206-445	214-458
2-6 years	202-400	185-392
over 6 years	150-400	150-400

In women during menstruation observed in the blood platelet reduction, which is normal. The main reason - a menses.

While carrying the baby in the expectant mother is changing, which also affects the number of blood cells. In other situations, when you reject indicators it is crucial to see a doctor to be examined and determine the cause of violations.

Symptoms of a low platelet count index

Changing the level of blood cells called thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon is not accompanied by a pronounced clinical signs. Can diagnose disorders using biochemical analysis of blood.

But there are signs of thrombocytopenia in which should go to the hospital:

• bleeding gums;
• education petechiae (red spots are small, occur on the feet, with a diameter no larger than a pin head);
• frequent nosebleeds;
• volumetric menses;
• prolonged bleeding after minor damage to the skin;
• blood in the urine and feces;
• bruising under the skin, ecchymosis.

The survey involved a doctor hematologist. He assigned the additional research and select the most effective treatment on the basis of the results obtained.

The reasons for lowering platelet index

Reduction in blood platelets (the reason may be not only pathological, but also the natural) in a small amount is observed in pregnant women, 10 to 20%. If large deviations should consult a gynecologist to prevent bleeding during childbirth.

The reasons that trigger a decrease in platelet count in the blood:

1. Pathological processes in the liver.
2. Irregularities in the bone marrow, leading to a slowdown in the process of hematopoiesis.
3. The lack of vitamin B.
4. Acceleration platelet destructive process.
5. Medication that inhibit the production of platelets.
6. Diseases (tumors, metastases, anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bacterial infection, thrombosis, autoimmune idiopathic purpura).

Hereditary factor should also be taken into account irregularities in the spleen, and adverse reactions after ingestion of certain drugs provoke decrease in blood cells.

Indications for the study of platelet index

Timely detection of malfunctions in the body help to preventive campaigns in the hospital. Up to 40 years, doctors recommend yearly blood tests to monitor the levels of platelets. During the period from 40 to 60 years is carried out examination 2 r. per year. After 60 years, it is particularly important to monitor the amount of blood cells, as is the frequent heart attacks and strokes.

The main indications for the study of platelet levels:

1. liver disease.
2. Previous stroke or heart attack.
3. The upcoming treatment with anticoagulants.
4. Menopause.
5. Disruptions to the cardiovascular system.

The survey assigns a hematologist, if there is suspicion of serious changes in platelet count.

How to determine the platelet component

Analysis of blood clotting is important if the doctor suspects a problem with the blood vessels, or there is a change in the bone marrow. Research is also possible to confirm or refute the effectiveness of the therapy. Before surgery patients prescribed blood count to determine the body's ability to overcome the bleeding.

diagnostic method	conduct	results
General blood analysis.	The patient can not eat for 2 hours. the fence material. Results are ready in a few hours.	The resulting values ​​help determine the cause of bleeding of unknown origin or to see the effectiveness of the treatment of bone marrow diseases. Increasingly common analysis of the doctors prescribe blood in the course of a comprehensive survey.
Analysis of blood clotting Lee-White and Sukharev.	Lee-White method, a patient taking venous blood (3 ml). According Sukharev tested biomaterial from the finger.	In both cases the diagnosis specialists check the blood clotting time.
Coagulation.	Blood sampling is carried out on an empty stomach. Prior to analysis, it is not recommended to eat food for 12 hours. It is to stop smoking for 30 minutes before the test, to avoid physical and emotional stress.	The survey results make it possible to define the process of blood clotting.

In some cases, you may need to conduct immunological tests or bone marrow analysis.

Preparation and analysis of platelet index

It is important to accurately determine the platelet count and eliminate repetitive testing.

To do this, doctors recommend follow the simple rules:

1. Donating blood in the morning on an empty stomach.
2. Exclude the day before the survey from the diet of fried and greasy foods, carbonated drinks, alcohol.
3. "Aspirin" can not drink before blood sampling. Medicine thins the blood, which adversely affect the test results.

Considering diagnostic method and apparatus used, laboratory test material taken from a finger or vein. In the second case, the results are the most informative.

Explanation platelet index analysis results

Reduction in blood platelets (cause pathological changes after a complete set hematologist diagnostics) is a worrying sign. Thrombocytopenia (low levels of blood cells) shows the development of congenital abnormalities or indicates a problem with the synthesis of blood cells.

Autoimmune diseases provoke lowering platelet count. During pregnancy, the rate is also reduced by 20%.

At what platelet index, seek medical advice

Primary thrombocytopenia due to impaired production process of blood cell distribution or decay them. Secondary thrombocytopenia is a consequence of the particular disease, symptoms which provoked a decrease in platelet levels.

In the first case, the patient can simply visit a hematologist and composed in his account. In the second case, we need to consult additional experts, taking into account the reasons that caused disturbances in the human body.

When index below 10 thousand. / L and increased risk of dangerous internal bleeding with serious complications. In this situation, medical consultation is required.

How to bring back to normal platelet index

Treatment of thrombocytopenia involved hematologist or internist. the physician selects an effective and safe therapy, given the state of the patient based on the results obtained after a medical examination.

For recovery of platelet levels in the blood of the patient prescribe medications, vitamin complexes, it is recommended to stick to diets.

Medications

The first stage of treatment involves hospitalization and bed rest. Reception and medicines.

Important! Treatment is aimed at addressing the main causes of thrombocytopenia.

There are drugs that inhibit the production of blood cells. To restore their numbers, the doctor picks up other medications.

drug Group	Title	treatment regimen
Corticosteroids.	"Prednisolone", "Tseleston".	The average dosage of 1 mg / kg per day for 5-7 d.
Immunosuppressants.	"Azathioprine" (azathioprine), "Cyclophosphamide".	2-3 mg / kg per day. The course of treatment lasts 3-5 months. "Cyclophosphamide" 200 mg per day for 1.5 months.
Local medications for bleeding	Aminocaproic acid.	6-12 grams per day for a week.

In some situations hematologists recommend plasmapheresis. If the results of a blood coagulation seriously underestimated the patient transfusions.

In the absence of positive dynamic after treatment medication to a patient surgery (splenectomy) may be indicated. The surgeon removes the spleen, which removes from the body, not only the red blood cells, but also platelets. In complex situations require a bone marrow transplant.

Traditional methods

Alternative Medicine tested over the years, in most cases eliminated side effects except for or allergic reactions to the individual components used.

Title	Recipe	application
Infusion of vervain.	Pour 5 g of the plant with hot water (250 ml). Insist 30 mine, strain and take scheme.	200 g per day for a month.
Sesame oil.	The product should be consumed daily 10 g (1 tablespoon) on an empty stomach for 20-30 d.	It recovers the level and platelet accelerates blood clotting process.
Broth-based dioica nettle.	Dry grass (10 g), add water (250 mL), put on fire, bring to the boil. Heat for 10 minutes, cool, strain and take medicinal purposes.	20 mL of 3 r. a day for 1.5-2 months.

Increase blood platelet count helps chokeberry. For therapeutic purposes, berry plants (50 pcs.) Is recommended to use 20 days.

Other methods

Increase blood platelets help walking or jogging, daily morning exercise. It is important to respect the sleep and rest, sleep at least 8 hours to go to bed before midnight.

Title	recommendations	Efficiency
Dieting.	Vitamins K, B and C are contained in milk, eggs, cheese, broccoli, tomatoes, melons, oranges, lemons, sweet peppers, seaweed.	Anti-inflammatory effect, supporting the process of blood clotting.
Receiving vitamin complexes.	Kiwi fruit, spinach, citrus, egg white, milk, cheese, lamb liver and contain folic acid and vitamins of group B.	Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential to the human body. They support the manufacturing process and dividing the blood cells.
Rejection of bad habits.	Liquor disrupt the reproduction and functioning of platelets.	Reducing alcohol intake helps to restore the levels of platelets in the blood.

Doctors recommend to avoid activities which resulted in bleeding (construction, carpentry, contact sport) may occur. This is especially true of people with clinically low levels of platelets in the blood. In the case of hard bleeding injury will stop, which would entail fatal consequences.

possible complications

Temporary reduction in platelet count occurs after a previous infection or minor bleeding.

If you do not eliminate the cause of pathological changes in a timely manner thrombocytopenia entails serious complications:

1. Hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage).
2. walls of blood vessels become brittle, increasing the risk of damage and the likelihood of massive blood loss.
3. Bleeding in the retina. Dangerous complication, requiring urgent assistance ophthalmologist. Otherwise, the patient can go blind.

Reduction in blood platelets (thrombocytopenia reason lies in the increased destruction of blood cells or slow the process of their formation) dangerous strong internal bleeding.

Minor damage to the liver, spleen and the gastrointestinal tract directly undetectable. At the same time, blood loss is so palpable that provoke hemorrhagic anemia. For a man - a fatal complication.

We do not recommend self-medicate. Hematologist or physician will examine, prescribe additional tests to determine the cause of platelets in the blood decrease. Select effective drugs, and will observe the patient until they are cured.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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