Follicles in the ovaries. Norm number in 30-40-50 years, pregnancy, menopause. What is it, the size of

The ability of women to pregnancy is determined by the follicles in the ovaries, their amount and maturity. Knowledge of the rules of the physiological processes taking place in the internal organs of the female reproductive system, allows time to fix possible deviations and to receive timely medical care.

What are follicles, their role in the body

Folliculus - this multi-layered hollow education, around which are epithelium and connective tissue. They protect the place where the oocyte matures to ovulation, as well as the influence of estrogen synthesis.

Follicles in the ovaries, the rate of the number of which has about 500 thousand, laid at birth. They begin to grow during puberty girls and tested some development cycles. It is a continuous process ending during menopause. Most instances of dying in a given cycle as a result of atresia. The rest of the pass all the stages of evolution.

3 different growth stages:

• small;
• big;
• active maturation.

Each element has a female reproductive cell and follicular cells.

types follicles

In accordance with the development stage of the elements are divided into specific types:

primordial	For this kind are immature elements, which are located in the superficial parts of the ovary. They have a flat shape. Located in a large amount, but the sizes are very small.
Primary or preantral	For this type of elements are awakened, which came into maturation phase. They are larger than the previous follicles, have a cubic shape.
Secondary or antral	Folliculus at this stage have a more mature form. These multilayer and the layers are formed between the cavities filled with fluid. There is an additional tekalnaya shell that appears before cavities and is decisive for the identification of the item.
Tertiary, or preovulatory, or mature	Elements of this kind reach their maximum development, so have the biggest size. Their cavities filled with fluid and surrounded by a shell theca.

stage of development by leaps cycle

Maturation of elements continuously. In the active growth stages of their formation occurs.

Follicles in the ovaries, the rate of the number of girls which reaches about 6 million, is directly dependent on the maturity of the parents and the health of the body. Reproduction of elements occurs in utero. In the process of life they spent in the same amount, which had been formed earlier.

Separate the 3 stages of development. In the first step preantral follicles are composed of a nucleus and epithelial cells. Prior to that they are dormant. At puberty for girls elements pass the small step height.

Elements gradually covered by new layers to the microscopic pile. They are multi-layered and begin to secrete the female hormone estrogen. At this stage, formed capillaries, connective tissue. Begins to increase the amount of liquid in the cavities.

During this period, various diseases in children between, stress, anxiety can affect the amount of folliculus.

Part elements dies, and part goes to another step - large growth. At this time, the ovum accumulates nutrients, and also formed with a cavity follicular fluid. Cells begin to produce large amounts of estrogen.

The third stage - the shortest. Follicle begins to ripen for 12 hours prior to ovulation and disappears after 2 days after fertilization. If successful, the process continues cell division and maturation stage ends with the formation of the haploid chromosomes.

The role of the dominant follicle

The selection of the dominant follicle occurs at the third cycle of development. Element size is approximately 20 mm. It normally develops if the body is healthy, there is no pathology.

The fluid that fills the antral follicle, the estrogen content increases dramatically. its levels rise causes the release of luteinizing hormone and ovulation. When there is a gap wall of the dominant follicle and oocyte yield, reduction division process is reduced.

Norm number of follicles in the epididymis by age

The follicles in the ovaries, the rate of which number is used to determine the morphological criteria of age dependent on hormonal activity of the body. An important argument, assessing the reproductive system, is age. Basic laws of development of follicles depend on the hormonal regulation of body functions.

Beginning with adolescence, under the influence of hormones of the anterior pituitary, the girls cyclical changes occur in the ovaries. The endocrine system controls every folliculus.

Genetically inherent margin folliculus age is:

• There are 2 million at the time of birth. immature cells;
• month lost 11 tys.sht .;
• at the time of puberty is 300 - 400 tys.sht .;
• before the age of menopause is lost by 1000 pieces. monthly;
• for 47-50 years, depletion of ovarian reserve.

As a result, for 45 years a woman present a low probability to conceive, despite the fact that the menstrual cycle and hormonal activity of the ovaries preserved.

Norm number of follicles in pregnancy

The follicles that are in the ovaries, have a rule which is an estimate of upcoming superovulation at fertilization.

Their number is interpreted as follows:

• less than 5 - infertility;
• 5-7 - a small chance to fertility;
• 8-15 - pregnancy is possible;
• 16-30 - the norm;
• more than 30 - multiple endocrine syndrome accompanied by ovarian function.

During pregnancy, the female body is not released completely from folliculus. Broken only by those who have awakened to the dominant follicle. The rest are dormant and awaken after birth.

Norm number of follicles at menopause, menopausal

With the onset of menopause is a change in the functioning of the reproductive organs, hormonal failure. The follicles in the ovaries, the rate of which amount is limited, during climacteric change abruptly and are reduced. It is their lack determines a decrease in estrogen levels. With decreasing amounts of menses and reduced folliculus.

When menopause elements considerably complicate during the last independent menstruation. During this period, the ovaries decrease in size and are subject to various diseases. If they began to increase, perhaps this is due to the development of cysts, polycystic, a malignant tumor.

It is important to visit the gynecologist once every six months to diagnose the disease in time during this period.

As normally change the size of the follicles during the cycle

At the beginning of each menstrual cycle under the influence of follicle stimulating hormone in the ovaries begin to develop new folliculus.

folliculogenesis process with a standard cycle of 28 days as follows:

• aged 5 days antral follicle size is up to 5 mm;
• on day 7 they increase the rate of 1 mm per day;
• on day 8 selected landmarks. It continues to grow at a rate of 2 mm per day and reaches dimensions up to 15 mm. The remaining folliculus regress and disappear;
• on the 14th day falls ovulatory phase. Dominant follicles reached 24 mm in size, then it bursts and exits therefrom egg.

The average length of life of the oocyte from 12 to 24 hours.

What is follikulometriya, for which it is carried out

Folliculus technique controls the growth and development of the ovaries and helps to determine the possibility of conception. Ultrasound examination is recommended from the eighth to the tenth day of the menstrual cycle. On the eighth day will be noticeable dominant follicle.

Ultrasound examination is conducted to obtain the following information:

• assessment of the state of the uterus and ovaries, their compliance phase of the cycle;
• study of the functioning of the ovaries;
• obtain confirmation of ovulation occurred;
• determining the time when an output of the oocyte from the follicle;
• identifying the causes of menstrual disorders and ovarian dysfunction;
• clarification of the factors influencing the lack of ovulation during the month;
• assessment of cyclic changes in the endometrium and the identification of possible pathologies;
• establish the usefulness of the menstrual cycle luteal phase, based on the obtained information about the corpus luteum;
• control over the process of maturation of oocytes during hormone therapy.

Re follikulometriyu carried out subject to availability of a pelvic ultrasound, passed not later than 6 months ago.

Carried out a series of repeated ultrasound examinations to:

• establish the fact of ovulation;
• determine the phase of the menstrual cycle;
• find day release of the egg;
• provestiekstrakorporalnoeoplodotvorenie;
• diagnose infertility;
• control the impact of hormones in the ovaries.

In conducting follikulometrii pay attention to the maturation of follicles and endometrium.

Irregularities in the wrong development of the dominant follicle

In case of violation of the dominant folliculus ovulation does not occur, since the oocyte can not go outside. In such cases, a monitoring and ultrasound. Starting from 10 days cycle, tracked the growth of dominant folliculus. If he slowly matures - the egg from the ovary can not get out. In this case, the prescribed treatment. During the next cycle to monitor the results.

Abnormalities in the development of a dominant element can occur for various reasons:

• early menopause, which arose in connection with surgery or naturally;
• pathology of ovarian function;
• problems with ovulation;
• lack of estrogen;
• disorders of the endocrine glands;
• infection of female genital mutilation;
• pituitary adenoma.

Abnormalities in the maturation of the dominant cause of depression, stress, nervous stress.

possible deviations

Follicles in the ovaries, the rate of the number of which may be exceeded or too low may stop growing or grow to the desired size. In this case the woman does not ovulation. Cause abnormalities detected with ultrasound and to determine the level of sex hormones in women.

persistence

Pathology causes an imbalance of hormones, which is essential for the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Can recognize the persistence of the following symptoms:

• underestimated the level of progesterone in the blood;
• elevated levels of estrogen;
• the dominant follicle has existed for a long time;
• offline luteal phase of the menstrual cycle;
• offline yellow body and liquid in the space pozadimatochnom.

Therapy is aimed at the normalization of hormonal levels. Doctors prescribe drugs that reduce estrogen levels in the follicular phase and increase the level of progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Excess of norms

Excessive excess follicle size may indicate a cyst. Education is a cavity filled with fluid, sometimes with blood or pus. When the diameter exceeds this folliculus rate becomes more than 30 mm. In this case, you need to spend a puncture and aspiration of follicles.

Pathology causes disruptions in the menstrual cycle and painful symptoms in the abdomen.

lack of

Temporary absence folliculus mainly related to the psychological state of women. Once the body is restored, the elements are formed again.

Failures can cause the following factors:

• incorrectly matched contraceptives;
• endocrine disease;
• sudden weight change up or down.

The disappearance folliculus aged over 45 years - a natural process, as the menopause.

Regulation of follicular maturation process

The main goal of therapy - to restore normal menstrual cycle and relieve a woman from infertility. Result can be achieved ovulation stimulation, decrease or increase in the number of antral follicles.

ovulation stimulation

Stimulation of ovulation is carried out after the passage of complex diagnostics directed to detecting pathologies causes in the menstrual cycle. Assigned antiestrogenic agents that stimulate the production of estradiol and follicle growth.

cyst prophylaxis performed using injections of hormones or Praegninum Gonakor. Do not spend to stimulate with the depletion of ovarian reserve during menopause and obstruction of the fallopian tubes.

Reducing the number of antral follicles

With increasing content folliculus Therapy directed at normalizing the hormonal fund. Regulate the production of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone, estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin can be combined using oral contraceptives.

Depending on the pathology of prescribers:

• Duphaston;
• E2, estradiol;
• Anzhelik®;
• clomiphene;
• Klimonorm®.

Combined hormonal drugs used to treat menstrual disorders, reducing or eliminating the ovulatory syndrome.

Whether and how to increase the number of antral follicles

Developing antimyullerova hormone affects the amount folliculus. Using vitamin complex, as well as formulations containing biologically active agents can be increased stimulation of ovarian function, improve the chances of successful maturation of oocytes.

But to strengthen the production of the hormone medication is not possible, as the number of folliculus depend on genetic characteristics of the organism, and the woman's age.

Oocyte develops inside the follicles in the ovaries. Hormonal changes, the possibility of conception depends on the rules of their number. In the event of possible risk of various pathologies. Causes of violations may be several, so it is important to pass the qualified exam to avoid infertility.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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