Free T4. What is this hormone, the rate of women, men, children's blood. That means reduced, increased thyroxine during pregnancy

Hormonal system plays an important role in the formation and functioning of all organs of the human body. Deviation in hormone production from the standards (in particular, the free thyroxine T4) for both women and men requires prompt treatment to avoid more serious problems and failures.

Hormone thyroxine (T4) free, its functions

Thyroxine hormone belongs to the most active, iodine-containing substances which are indicators of the endocrine system. Development of thyroxine occurs in the thyroid gland under the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

T4 feature is that this hormone affects the body in the long term, and accumulates in cells and tissues, so its excess or deficiency brings harm to all systems. The organs that are not influenced by thyroxine, are the testes and spleen.

The penetration rate of thyroxine in the maximum cell. Most of the hormones through the body is transferred together with the protein and not more than 0.05% in the free form. Therefore, in vitro blood test it on the free thyroxine. For normal production T4 critical balance of zinc and selenium in the organism.

Free T4 (the norm in women depends on the functioning of the thyroid gland) performs the following functions:

• accelerates metabolic processes through activation of RNA and protein synthesis;
• promotes cell oxygen;
• provides calcium assimilation;
• temperature increases;
• regulates the growth of bone tissue and the epithelium of the internal organs;
• promotes uterine membrane;
• activates the nervous system;
• It helps to prepare the uterus for conception and gestation;
• It stimulates mental activity;
• It provides ovulation in a woman's body;
• promotes cell growth and renewal tissues;
• It accelerates the heartbeat;
• controls protein synthesis;
• It stimulates the production of vitamins and assimilation;
• regulates cardiovascular activity;
• It reduces the risk of blood clots and blockage of blood vessels;
• It provides oxygenation of cells;
• regulates weight and normalizes growth;
• It helps to reduce cholesterol;
• It provides skeletal development;
• It stimulates intracellular oxidation.

Norms of free T4 levels in women, men, children, pregnancy

Free T4 (the norm for women, men, children can vary depending on time of day) it depends on the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, and iodine in the human body. T4 hormone concentration reaches its peak from 8-00 to 12-00, and reduced to a minimum with 23-00 to 03-00.

Also seen a strong dependence of the level of thyroxine on the season: in the summer - the minimum, in the autumn and winter - the maximum. Norma T4 free men and children is higher than in women. Even in diseases of the utmost gravity, are not related to the endocrine system and thyroid gland, thyroxine is within the rules.

T4 (free): the rate of women, men, children, the table:

The age and sex of the patient	Norma thyroxine, pmol / L
child	up to 4 months.	11,4 — 28,4
4 months. - 1 year	12,0 – 25,5
1 year - 7 years	12,4 – 22,9
7 years - 12 years	12,6 – 21,4
12 years - 15 years	12,7 – 20,9
men	9,1 – 19,3
women	8,1 – 17,5
women during menopause	10,5 – 24,6

T4 (free): the rate of women during pregnancy, the table:

time	Norma thyroxine, pmol / L
1 - 13 week	12,0 – 19,7
14 - Week 28	9,5 – 16,9
29 - Week 42	8,5 – 15,5

Reasons for increasing levels of the hormone

A condition in which T4 hormone level exceeds the norm, called hyperthyroidism, and its critical stage - Graves' disease.

The reasons for the growth of the concentration of free thyroxine in the blood can include the following:

• liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis);
• disorders of the kidneys (nephrosis, increased protein concentration in urine excretion deterioration salts from the body, glomerular nephritis);
• tumors and endocrine gland inflammation (thyroiditis, adenoma);
• Graves' disease (autoimmune disease, transmissible and hereditary accompanied by poisoning thyroid hormones);
• myeloma (systemic disease of the circulatory system);
• hyperthyroidism;
• childbirth;
• the recent holding of a blood purification procedure using an apparatus "artificial kidney";
• drug ingestion in large numbers (insulin, aspirin);
• overweight, obesity;
• using heparin therapy;
• infection with the human immunodeficiency virus;
• tumors of the uterus;
• mental disorders;
• an inherited disorder produce thyroxine;
• stress;
  
• preparations containing thyroid hormones.

The reasons for the low rates of T4

Lack of free thyroxine hormone known as hypothyroidism. As a child, such a state is fraught with the development of cretinism, and the average age - myxedema, which is accompanied by dysfunction of protein metabolism, swelling and fluid retention in the body.

The causes of hypothyroidism include:

• tumors and thyroid inflammation, pituitary;
• inflammatory processes in the body;
• head injury;
• iodine deficiency in the body;
• recently executed operation;
• entering the body of heavy metals in large quantities;
• drug addiction;
• receiving medications that inhibit the T4 hormone production, as well as antiinflammatory and antifungal drugs;
• removal of endocrine glands (partially or wholly);
• Low-protein food;
• diet, fasting;
• the growth of the thyroid gland size;
• benign pituitary;
• hormonal contraception in tablet form;
• complications during birth, accompanied by hemorrhage and blood pressure reduction.

Symptoms T4 low content

Among the symptoms of reduced levels of free thyroxine are the following:

• weakness, lethargy;
  
• the appearance of pigment spots on the skin;
• sore throat;
• muscle weakness;
• worsening emotional background;
• disruptions of the menstrual cycle;
• Difficulty conception process;
• ileus and constipation;
• abnormal heart rhythm;
• delay physical and mental development;
• coronary heart disease;
• the growth of mass of the body, along with poor appetite;
• dry skin;
• brittle nails and hair;
• depression;
• inhibition reactions;
• constant and unwarranted feeling cold.

Fully normalize low level of thyroxine hormone is impossible, so when hypothyroidism tend to apply a substitute obtained in the laboratory.

Symptoms of increased T4 of detention

Increased T4 hormone concentration may result from pathologies, as well as a consequence of receiving the preparations containing hormone. These girls use drugs for weight loss, without considering the harm to the body.

With the high level of free thyroxine appear the following symptoms:

• baldness;
• sweaty palms;
• difficulty swallowing;
• unblinking gaze;
• low voice and hoarseness;
• swelling of the face;
• insomnia;
• diarrhea and diarrhea;
• high sensitivity;
• loss of vision;
• menstrual dysfunction;
• excessive sweating, fever;
  
• irritability, mood swings, hot temper;
• fits of hysteria;
• paranoid seizures;
• arrhythmia, palpitations and rapid pulse;
• anorexia;
• redness of the eye;
• convulsions, tremors;
• leaching of calcium, resulting in an increased risk of fractures of the extremities;
• there is dysfunction of internal organs, their rapid wear;
• toxic goiter, and bulging of the eyes.

When assigned to the levels of T4 determination analysis?

Development of thyroxine is directly dependent on the work of the pituitary. In the case of reducing the level of T4 pituitary secretes hormones that activate thyroid operation for normalizing thyroxine concentration. Assay for determination of thyroxine in blood may designate endocrinologist, therapist or gynecologist in the case of corresponding symptoms or during routine examination.

Typically, concentration is carried out a study just free T4 hormone in blood, since its level is independent from the binding protein. The deviation from the norm of T4 to evaluate the thyroid gland.

For healthy people it is advisable to conduct a survey and to be tested for the level of free thyroxine once a year, and in the case of dysfunction of the hormonal system at least once every six months. For patients suffering from disorders of the thyroid gland, it is recommended to take blood T4 every 3-4 months.

When pregnancy is also dealt an appropriate analysis, as this hormone is important not only for the conception of the child, but also in the gestation. thyroxine level deviation from the norm can lead to complications during childbirth, during pregnancy and cause birth defects in the developing fetus.

In the first trimester the hormone concentration is the highest, since this period it promotes the formation of the fetal nervous system. In this case, excessive levels of T4 during childbearing requires urgent but careful medical intervention.

Investigation of thyroxine in the blood is used for the diagnosis of endocrine disruption, infertility, as well as in cases of suspected hereditary or acquired hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

It is also the basis for the compulsory delivery of the analysis on the T4 in women is:

• strong morning sickness during pregnancy;
• risk of miscarriage;
• infertility;
• defects and delays development of the embryo;
• diabetes;
• multiple pregnancy.

Terms of putting on a blood test for T4 (preparation, blood sampling)

Women are recommended to study the level of free thyroxine on day 7 of the cycle.

Prior to assay the T4 turn necessary to prepare the organism as follows:

1. for 1.5 months prior to sampling analysis should refrain from taking medicines containing hormone. Otherwise, the study does not show the amount of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland itself.
2. 2 weeks you need to stop taking oral contraceptives.
3. a week before the delivery of blood to the thyroxine is better to minimize the physical and mental stress.
4. 3-4 days before the assay should refrain from the use of preparations containing iodine.
5. 2 days to exclude drugs containing steroids.
6. per day to completely stop the use of alcohol-containing beverages.
7. for 4-5 hours before the analysis is not to smoke.
   
8. immediately prior to blood sampling should be half an hour to sit quietly.

Letting analysis occurs in the morning. Doctors also recommend that on the eve of research to abandon dinner and breakfast from. During this time period can only drinking water without gas. It is also necessary to protect the body from stress. Blood sampling can not be performed immediately after the X-ray contrast studies.

The material for the study is the venous blood, which is subjected to immunohemilyuminestsentnomu study. Analysis for free thyroxine also possible to biomaterials. Venous blood sampling is performed in a volume of 8.5 ml. Stored material may at +2 - +25 ^aboutWith no more than a day.

How long to wait for results of the study? deciphering responses

The results of the free thyroxine level can be obtained within 1-2 days. Due to the fact that different labs use different set of reagents, limiting hormone rates can vary (usually they indicate on the form the results).

Excess thyroxine standards may indicate pregnancy, obesity, development of inflammatory processes in the liver, the thyroid gland.

At the same time, accompanied by a low level of T4 thyroid function insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, panhypopituitarism. As a rule, T4 analysis dealt with the blood in the thyroid-stimulating hormone. In the case of elevated TSH along with low T4 may conclude the manifest hypothyroidism patient.

If the TSH is high, while the T4 is normal, there is subclinical hypothyroidism. When TSH in the normal range, T4 and below it, reassign analysis. Excessive levels of T4 along with low TSH suggests hyperthyroidism.

Treatment with T4 change in blood

Any deviation of the level of thyroxine in the blood requires medical intervention. Depending on whether or reduced free T4, various drugs are used increased.

T4 hormone increased

Increased concentration of thyroxine is not a disease in a pure form. In this self-regulating function through the body along with a high level the T4 output is reduced thyrotropin.

Depending on how high the concentration of free thyroxine hormone and what the status of the whole body, in the treatment hyperthyroidism using appropriate drugs, surgery is performed or resuming normal operation thyroid gland.

The main aim of drug therapy - reduction in T4 level by destroying excess hormones. Such treatment is long enough and can last for several years. At the beginning of therapy, taking large doses of medication to bring the level of thyroxine to normal. Then, to maintain the hormone within the normal dosage of medicament reduced.

In this method, there are a number of side effects such as:

• anemia;
• allergy;
• enlargement of the thyroid gland;
• liver disorders resulting from improved enzymes produced by it;
• gastrointestinal disorders;
• migraine;
  
• disruptions in the menstrual cycle in women.

Sometimes using drugs block thyroid function, allowing it to recover. Simultaneously, the patient being prescribed hormonal preparations containing synthetic thyroxine.

Drug treatment does not always lead to a perfect result: relapses occur in ¾ of cases. In this case, if there are no visible results after one year of such therapy, its use is stopped and other treatments. Cardinal method of combating hyperthyroidism is the removal of the thyroid gland by surgical intervention or by using radioactive iodine therapy.

This treatment brings a lifelong effect. At the same time, after such procedures the patient is doomed to take hormones for life. Surgery is useful when the thyroid gland is greatly increased, which allows you to remove only part of it, while the remaining share of the body continue to function.

Therapy with radioactive iodine can not be used in the treatment of pregnant women or women planning birth of a child, because it is fraught with abnormalities in fetal development.

For a more modern method of getting rid of hyperthyroidism include computer reflexology, contributing to the resumption of normal activity of the thyroid gland. This method is based on the impact a small current at specific points associated with the brain. Such intervention can eliminate immune failure and has virtually no relapses.

Hyperthyroidism can result from thyroid inflammation. Because of this hormone at the same developing a faster released into the blood. This phenomenon is usually short-term and does not require drastic treatments. T4 also because of the stress may exceed the norm, but in this case, treatment with absolutely no need for it.

Hormone T4 downgraded

Unlike hyperthyroidism, low levels of thyroxine, in most cases it is impossible to completely normalize. Treatment in this case is mainly supportive and lifelong nature. Adverse effects of drug therapy Hypothyroidism causes, as contained in the pharmaceutical preparations is similar to the natural hormone.

Distinguish between absolute and relative hypothyroidism. At absolute type T4 deficit observed lack hormone production, whereas type is characterized by poor relative susceptibility of organs and tissues of the relative hormone.

According to the degree of development of hypothyroidism release:

• latent (TTG above normal, 4 - in the normal range);
• symptomatic (TTG above normal, T4 - slightly lowered);
• complications (TTG above normal, T4 - critical low).

To restore thyroid function hypothyroidism simultaneously applied methods such as:

• phytotherapy;
• reflex therapy (massage, acupuncture);
• hormonal preparations containing thyroxine;
• recovery of nervous system;
• increase immunity.

Due to the fact that the primary source of basic low level in the body is thyroxine deficiency iodine, the patient should be administered in the diet of foods containing the trace element in the large amount. By yodonasyschennym products include seafood (fish, sea kale).

Hypothyroidism in the absence of the complex can lead to the treatment of nervous system disorders, mental retardation, cretinism. It is also possible malfunction of the respiratory organs, the heart, the immune system, infertility and cancer.

Hypothyroidism in older adults may attack hypothyroid coma.

Not in need of treatment a low level of thyroxine hormone in pregnant women, as it occurs against the background of the body to adapt to the process of carrying a child. Thus, the hormone thyroxine (T4) free plays an important role in the functioning of the human body and needs constant maintenance in the normal range in both women and men.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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