Labored breathing, shortness of breath. The reasons for the child at night, lying down, coughing, whistling in her throat when breathing, allergies, chest. How to help, treatment, it can be

Shortness of breath can be caused by pathological processes in the body and have a permanent character. It is also a symptom of lack of air possible because of the heavy load, stress and other processes requiring greater oxygen consumption by the body, with the normalization of the breathing even.

Causes and breathing problems in children varieties

In the process of respiration in human exhaled carbon dioxide, and oxygen is absorbed. When tackle respiratory blood marked invalid increase or reduction of carbon dioxide as well as oxygen deficiency. Violation of the respiratory process in children is possible from birth.

Classification and causes breathing problems:

The names of the types of breathing disorders	Description	Causes
obstructive	The reason for failure in the breath is a partial blockage or obstruction of the respiratory tract, which prevents the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide exit	External influences: ingress of amniotic fluid or feces original neonates; entering vomitus or foreign object. Internal effects: respiratory tract due overlapping swelling or neoplastic processes.
restrictive	Impaired lung efficiency, due to inability to fully open or in connection with the disorder of the lung tissue functioning.	External influences: excess weight; strikes the region in the lung; fractured ribs; increased physical exercise; poor ventilation in the room or too thin air; nerve strain. Internal effects: tumor and edema, as in the light, and arranged in adjacent organs; presence of infectious diseases; smoking violates the condition of the lungs and affects metabolic processes; underdeveloped lungs in premature infants; pathology in the development of the heart and lungs; weakness of the muscles responsible for the operation of the lungs; damage or break the lung; violation of brain function responsible for oxygen exchange; changes in blood composition, followed by lack of hemoglobin, as well as circulatory disorders.
Mixed	It combines obstructive and restrictive types	It may be caused by a combination of several factors (physical fatigue and loss of lung functioning)

Children are more likely to develop respiratory failure, and this is due to the following reasons:

• their lung capacity is still small, and the bronchial lumen is too narrow;
  
• muscle tissue is responsible for the regularity of breathing, is not yet developed;
• the child's body develops, and this requires more oxygen than in adults;
• due unformed immunity often develop colds that often end in complications of lung function.

If the baby is healthy, then the asthma attacks stopped after the normalization of the state. When, after removing the cause of breathing is not aligned, for 4-12 hours, then it is a symptom of the disease. To align the process of breathing is necessary to find the cause and fix it, it is necessary to turn to a pediatrician.

The main groups of reasons causing respiratory failure:

1. Violation of lung function.
2. Pathology of the heart.
3. Nervous breakdown or attrition.
4. Violation of the blood, caused by abnormalities in the development of the body.

These groups will be described in more detail hereinafter. They differ in terms of accompanying symptoms and their cause factors.

Symptoms of different pathologies

respiratory failure occurs with the accompanying symptoms. Depending on the factors causing the change in breathing symptoms will vary.

But there are common signs:

• breathing becomes shallow and heavy, accompanied by wheezing or whistling;
• child may complain of squeezing in the chest and throat, trying to breathe through the mouth;
• wings of the nose are in a state of stress;
• often fear appears in his eyes;
• with a strong lack of oxygen may bluish limbs and nasolabial triangle;
• lowering blood pressure with an increase in heart rate;
• dizziness, tinnitus and stars before my eyes.

Depending on the degree of symptoms, symptoms divided into four types:

1. 1st degree. Accompanied by acceleration of respiration and heart rate after exercise. Small bluish nasolabial triangle. The pressure remains normal. The body recovers quickly, subject to rest.
2. 2nd degree. When rapid breathing increases heart rate and blood pressure. Nasolabial triangle, and the skin under the nails turn blue. By the child becomes pale and listless. Breathing is recovering from oxygen (the child breathe oxygen through a mask).
3. 3rd degree. Breathing frequently uneven, accompanied by an increased heart rate and lowering the pressure. Possible short-term respiratory arrest. The skin is pale with a bluish tint. Oxygen therapy does not bring improvement.
4. 4th degree. The child is unconscious (hypoxic coma). Breathing shallow at long intervals. The complexion becomes tinged with blue, legs painted in purple-blue. Pulse frequent, or slow, faintly detectable.

Eliminate the first or second degree of respiratory insufficiency can be in the home. When the third and fourth degree is an urgent need to call an ambulance.

After alleviate the condition, if the symptoms begin to be regular, it is necessary to apply for an initial inspection of the pediatrician, then a pediatric pulmonology, cardiology.

cardiac causes

Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath may be caused by disruption of the heart. Due to poor circulation of blood through the vessels the body begins to lack of oxygen exchange.

Most often, respiratory failure is caused by:

• breach of heart rate;
• failure in the blood supply to the myocardium muscle;
• cardiac enlargement, accompanied by disturbances of rhythm reductions;
• disruption of the functioning of the heart muscle due to their depletion (occurs due to obesity, exhaustion);

  

• birth defects in heart development;
• tumor inflammation.

Most often failures in the breath are caused by heart failure. If time does not begin treatment of the disease, the asthma attacks are more frequent, and the disease to progress. This will affect the functioning of the whole body and can be fatal.

pulmonary causes

respiratory failure can occur due to violations of lung function. It occurs incomplete blood purification from carbon dioxide into oxygen. Oxygen deficiency begin to experience all organs, including the brain.

Lung disease causing failure of breathing:

• tumor formation and lung tissue swelling;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system;
• foreign objects in the respiratory tract;
• accumulation of fluid or air in the lung tissues;
• circulatory disorders of the lungs;
• lung damage and rupture.

Without proper treatment, the root causes, respiratory insufficiency stops. When the tackle operation lung failure in the breath it is the first symptom.

cerebral causes

Failure to breath can be caused by disorders of the brain functioning. They can be triggered by head trauma, circulatory disturbance, the presence of a tumor.

Often accompanied by violation of human breath during heavy stress situations.

In this case, the brain sends signals to the untimely light for regular breathing. Sometimes restore breathing process is possible only with the help of an apparatus for ventilation.

hematogenous reasons

Violation of the blood can be accompanied by a change in breathing. Infection, tumors, chronic diseases can cause a reduction in blood hemoglobin which is involved in the transportation of oxygen to the organs and tissues.

Also, changes in blood quality can be triggered by diabetes and severe poisoning. With timely recovery of the blood, respiratory insufficiency runs independently.

Other causes breathing difficulties

Labored breathing, shortness of breath may be caused by transient changes in the body, usually the treatment is not required, the process is restored breathing independently.

Data are the reasons:

• a sharp increase of physical activity without prior preparation;
• pregnancy, uterus presses on the diaphragm, which restricts the opening of the lungs, the oxygen must also be absorbed 2-them, so the respiration rate increases;
• violation of spine operation;
• obesity;
• malfunction of the thyroid gland;
• an allergic reaction to pollen, food or medicines.

respiratory failure may be caused by severe diseases, identify the cause of possible pre-relevant symptoms. Timely treatment in hospital will eliminate the root cause and get rid of crashes, and will not develop complications.

Shortness of breath due to poorly ventilated areas

Dyspnea can be caused by poor air composition. It is noted in unventilated areas. This air contains less oxygen, more dust and carbon dioxide.

The person starts to feel a headache, heaviness during inspiration, and fatigue. When a long stay in a room possible fainting, insomnia, and reduced brain function (reduced working capacity and attention).

Shortness of breath due to violation of lung function

Dyspnea in violation of lung function occurs with more pronounced symptoms are present not only in the daytime, but in the sleep period. Lack of oxygen is pronounced.

The distinctive symptoms of respiratory disorders with malfunction of lungs:

1. As you exhale, the child can be heard whistling and moaning, is more often observed at night.
2. Breathing is not aligned even at rest.
3. If the attacks are caused by infection or inflammation, then choking is accompanied by fever.
4. When you inhale the feeling of heaviness and compression of the thorax.
5. It is difficult not only to breathe in the air but also to exhale it.
6. Laryngeal edema attack strangling the child feels and finding a foreign object in the throat.
7. The child becomes easier in a sitting position with his head down.
8. Symptom amplified during a discharge to sleep and waking up.
9. In rare cases, it may be loss of consciousness with accompanying seizures.
10. Vienna greatly enlarged and bulging, especially on the neck.
11. If respiratory failure caused by hitting an object in the airway, the child begins to rapidly turn blue, swallow air lips and loses consciousness.
12. Perhaps blueness around the lips and limbs.
13. Frequency accompanied by cough with sputum.

In violation of the lung respiratory failure is growing in nature. The sooner the disease is detected, the less will be harmed by the body due to lack of oxygen. When belated treating dyspnea may become chronic stage and will require constant administration of drugs.

Shortness of breath with heart disease

Shortness of breath, in violation of functioning of the heart, accompanied by severe shortness of breath, bluish limbs and nasolabial triangle. Symptomatology increases after physical exercise in a lying position. Without treatment, the situation is only getting worse.

When inhaling patient notes squeezing pain in the heart. Nadryvisty appears dry cough, in the afternoon. In the morning, due to fluid retention in the lungs is released foamy sputum. Also notes, swelling of extremities, fatigue and disruption in the rhythm of the heart. symptoms increase with increasing pressure.

If a strong manifestation of shortness of breath, lack of oxygen experienced by all bodies and may experience severe headaches, blurred before his eyes and cramps in the legs. In this case, an urgent need to seek professional help.

Dyspnea anemia (anemia)

Peculiar symptoms are at a lack of iron in the blood. The man feels severe insufficiency of air, the rhythm breaths are not violated. The heart and lungs are functioning normally. The patient begins to lose weight, there is weakness and fatigue. Also there is the headache, disturbance of attention and memory loss.

Skin becomes pale or yellow tint. To recover enough to drink the drug increases the iron in the blood, it is necessary to identify the cause of lowering hemoglobin. Otherwise, the disease has serious consequences particularly for the child's body.

Shortness of breath with vascular dystonia

When vegetative dystonia often arise asthma. This is due to nervous disorders (demanding job performance in front of a large audience, fear of the dark). It is also a symptom can be caused by hormonal disruptions and chronic diseases. The patient starts to feel a lump in the throat and difficulty in breathing air.

In this case an acute shortage of air, breathing becomes so frequent. This leads to blood oxygen satiation and lack of carbon dioxide. As a result, oxygen is not supplied in the necessary volume to the bodies, and settles in the blood. To normalize the breathing is necessary to restore the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Additionally, with respiratory failure following symptoms:

• oppressive feeling in the chest;
• dry sudden coughing during amplification breathing;
• it is impossible to take a deep breath;
• numbness and cramps;
• strange feeling of fear, followed by dilated pupils;
• abdominal pain, increased flatulence;
• tinnitus, blurred vision;
• in an unventilated room symptoms intensified.

If the attack is caused by a breakdown, then specific treatment is required, it is sufficient to switch from what caused the disorder. Hormonal failure and chronic diseases require medical treatment.

Shortness of breath with nervousness

Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath may occur in highly sensitive people who are afraid of respiratory arrest and subsequent death. Symptomatology manifestations fuzzy. Since the patient can not independently determine that it is still worried.

Most often accompanied by shortness of breath attacks of breathlessness and dizziness that pass on their own, without medical intervention. In this case, treatment should be held by a psychologist, medicines do not help get rid of the symptoms.

Other diseases

Dyspnea can be a sign, and other diseases of the body. Depending on what kind of disease is caused by asthma attacks, will occur additional symptoms. Identify the cause of their own, without having to visit a specialist and examination impossible. After the elimination of the disease, shortness of breath runs independently.

differential diagnosis

Diagnosis of respiratory failure is to identify the reasons that caused the symptom. For this patient pediatrician / physician polls patient / parents. To clarify the characteristics of the attack, the frequency of occurrence and then a failure occurs in the breath.

And clarifies the related symptoms. After a preliminary diagnosis specialist prescribes further tests and the need to pass the other doctors (pulmonologist, cardiologist, psychologist).

What procedures are included in the further examination:

1. External examination of the patient, With measurement of respiratory rate and listening to light the presence of wheezing and extraneous noise.
2. Urine, bloodTo identify the total composition.
3. Chest X-ray in cases of suspected violation of lung function.
4. spirometry. To determine lung volume.
5. Pikfluometriya. Determined rate of air exhalation.
6. carbonometer. It allows to determine the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide.
7. pulse oximetry. To determine how much hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen.
   
8. ECG appointed for suspected violations of the heart.
9. ultrasound internal organs, if there are chronic diseases.

If all the parameters are normal, they are repeated after the application loads. This examination can accurately identify the cause and treated.

Drug treatment

Depending on the cause of the symptoms of drug therapy has differences. But if the attack appeared for the first time and with a bright attack of suffocation, it is recommended to take some drugs (in extreme cases, as necessary specialist advice).

They are as follows:

1. Corvalol. It calms the nervous system and has the vasodilating action. To remove the need to attack in 200 ml of water to dissolve 30-35 drops.
2. Inderal. Dilates blood vessels, lowers blood pressure and pulse rate. Should not be taken in case of violation of the heart functioning. For removal of breathlessness 15-20 mg is enough to use at a time before a meal.
3. Glycine. It calms the nervous system and normalizes blood supply to the brain. Children enough 1 tablet under the tongue, 2 adults. It has no side effects, except urticaria (in rare cases).
4. Glitsised. Alternately, take 5 tablets. The drug calms and normalizes blood circulation.

These medications help to normalize breathing through 15-25 minutes. If the attack was wearing temporary. That during this time breathing may bounce back on their own.

Recipes folk remedies

Labored breathing, shortness of breath and eliminated via folk remedies.

Upon the occurrence of an attack is sufficient to use:

1. The infusion of honey, lemon and garlic. It activates the blood vessels work and relieve spasm. To prepare the required juice of 3 lemons 3 mixed with crushed garlic cloves and 0.3 ml of honey. Insist 6-8 days. Consume 20-25 mL during exacerbation. For course of treatment requires up to 2 months.
2. Drink fresh milk necklace shortness of breath in the morning should be regularly for prevention.
3. Tincture of elderberry. 100 ml of alcohol is taken 100 g of berries and infused at least 5 days. Eat before going to bed 20-25 drops.
4. Infusion of valerian or motherwort (Available at pharmacies) can help reduce anxiety and help reduce the shortness of breath attack.

Before using folk remedies should consult a specialist, because they can be contraindications. For the treatment must be combined with drug therapy.

Treatment of cardiac dyspnea

If respiratory failure caused by a disruption of the heart, the drugs can be prescribed only a cardiologist. As well as the dosage and course of treatment. In some cases, it requires surgery.

Prescribe drugs:

1. diureticsAs well as shortness of breath is often accompanied by edema: furosemide; torasemide.
2. vasoconstrictor agent: Ramipril; enalapril.
3. To reduce the heart rateMetoprolol; acebutolol.
4. To normalize the heart rate: Amoidaron; digoxin.
5. To normalize the pressure: Losartan; eprosartan.

It is important to follow the exact dosage of medication and not to cancel the reception after the improvements. In case of deterioration or improvement of the status must be reported to the cardiologist to change the course of treatment.

Treatment of pulmonary dyspnea

For the treatment of shortness of breath caused by the dysfunction of pulmonary pulmonologist these drugs are prescribed.

To expand the bronchi:

• salbutamol;
• theophylline;
• fenoterol.

To cleanse the lungs of pathogenic organisms:

• penicillin;
• ampicillin;
• ceftriaxone.

Anti-inflammatory drugs:

• fluticasone;
• triamcinolone.

respiratory relief can be achieved faster by using inhalation drugs to expand the bronchi. The dosage of the drug and the time of the procedure is assigned pulmonologist. When the state must be reported to the person skilled corrections treatment.

treatment of anemia

To eliminate the need to determine the cause of anemia, iron reduction in the blood.

After its elimination pediatrician / physician prescribers:

• Ferrum lek;
• Maltofer;
• Sorbifer.

It recommended special diet with high iron content in the products and take vitamin complex. After the restoration of normal levels of hemoglobin breathing returns to normal.

Drug-free treatment of dyspnea at VSD

When the IRR with attacks can be managed without using drugs.

Experts appointed:

• breathing exercises;
• yoga for relaxation and rest of the body;
• often located in the open air and ventilate the room;
• avoid fatigue and stress;
• jogging and swimming

Upon the occurrence of an attack will help washing face and neck with cool water. Sometimes the normal state may cause light slap.

Shortness of breath is not always a symptom of a dangerous disease. But if regular attacks, you need to get tested and find out the reason of lack of air. At the time of breathing disorders sufficient to introduce exercise and do breathing exercises. Drug treatment can only assign a specialist, depending on the factor of development of dyspnea.

Author of the article: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of difficulty breathing

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