Rdw in a blood test. What it is transcript analysis, the rate of women, men, children, that means upgraded, downgraded

Complete blood count - universal medical tests to precisely estimate the physiological condition of the person. One of the key indicators of the survey is the level of RDW, which can often be found in the clinical diagnostic results.

Timely detection of violations using this index has allowed experts to identify the most effective therapies that will improve the chances of recovery.

What is the measure RDW

RDW in a blood test - this study are able to detect the width of the distribution of blood cells and determine the degree of deformation, if necessary. RDW level indicates the average value of differences in the ratio of erythrocyte size, which is calculated by comparing the volume of each cell.

Healthy blood cells in the human body are identical in size, shape, and volume of internal structures.

Same size helps quick replacement of damaged items with new items of the same functional features. However, when differences in the amount of erythrocyte intracellular disorders occur, which leads to the emergence and development of various diseases.

RDW index is determined on the basis of two characteristics:

• RDW-CV. It refers to the relative distribution of blood indicators of cell structures by volume, in which can identify their size heterogeneity. In the definition of this characteristic important role played by the so-called coefficient of MCV, which varies in the presence of changes;
• RDW-SD. Detects deviation of clinical standards that are defined in the region between the minimum and maximum levels of erythrocyte cell volume.

Regardless of the method used, the index is measured as a percentage. However, in practice, may also be used femtolitra - measuring unit volume.

clinical use

Most often diagnosis with RDW-index is administered together with other tests that are included in the general study. The test can be conducted at a planned inspection, and if you suspect the presence of serious diseases. For certain groups of patients, the analysis is performed on a regular basis, which allows you to track the dynamics of the therapeutic effect.

Also, a survey may be appointed if there is:

• increased sweating;
• rapid loss of physical energy and drowsiness, nausea;
• elevated body temperature without significant reasons;
• Enlarged lymph nodes;
• distinct mood swings, irritability and excessive emotionality;
• frequent dizziness.

A disadvantage of such nutrients as folic acid, vitamin B or iron is also directed to the clinical use of the indicator. With a shortage of vitamin or mineral structures, the internal volume of red blood cells characterized by an increase - macrocytic anemia.

But as macrocytosis is a sign of other pathological processes, timely RDW analysis provides additional information for further diagnosis.

Also, an analysis is often administered to detect inflammation, cardiovascular and oncological diseases. In almost all cases, the study is a necessary step prior to surgery.

RDW ratio with MCV

The clinical definition of RDW-CV is totally dependent on MCV level. Score is determined on the basis of the presence of blood cells from said deviation degree norm. Thus, the larger the size of the cell body, the higher the index is determined RDW-CV.

Comparison of two diagnostic indicators is an important aspect in the detection of various hematological diseases character. RDW different levels and combinations of MCV can detect the presence of anemia, thalassemia or chronic recessive processes in the liver. To determine the ratio, the patient is required to pass a complete blood count.

Sometimes RDW index does not correspond to a smaller level MCV, which in practice is an error diagnosis, which manifests itself in the presence of visual microscopic counting erythrocytes.

In this situation the patient is assigned retested using automatic calculation of blood cells. If the rate remains the same after the next analysis specialist conducts additional checks.

Survey Preparation

RDW in a blood test - a test that the patient is not required if there is any specific training. Any measures that must be followed before the test, do not differ from the preparatory process to the standard blood test.

They are as follows:

• waiver of any alkogolesoderzhaschih drinks per week before;
• observance of dietary food intake for 3-5 days: the exclusion of fried, canned or spicy foods;
• exclusion of drugs for 3-4 days before delivery. Particular attention should be paid to drugs that increase the level of iron in the blood;
• use only a light meal, excluding sugar in the morning prior to analysis. Coffee and strong tea is also a negative impact on the effectiveness of this test;
• quitting smoking for a few hours before taking the test.

Failure to observe the above recommendations may appear different deviations in the final results of the analysis.

So, too high levels of blood cells will be taken into account together with other cellular compounds. Quitting smoking and alcohol is determined by the penetration of a number of red blood cells in peripheral tissues, which indirectly affects the accuracy of the figures.

How is the procedure?

Analysis on the RDW is not a sophisticated implementation. biological fluid sample in an adult requires blood sampling from a vein. In children under the age of 10-12 years, as well as some indications fence capillary fluid produced from the finger. This test must be considered an important nuance - the test is always done on an empty stomach.

Performance of the study involves the installation of a biochemical sample in a special centrifuge device. This makes it possible to separate the liquid portion of the cellular elements.

Then the dry residue is placed in a so-called analyzer through which is possible in the shortest time to conduct current general state of the circulatory system of examination, to evaluate the number and size of the cell bodies as well as to determine the subsequent therapy.

Blood cell count calculation assumes each cell for liquid microliter then determined average number erythrocyte volume and clinical calculated degree of deviation of the detected value normal. The result of analysis is given in the form of a histogram.

If the ratio is outside the RDW level standards, the result is considered positive. In this case, re-appointed diagnostics.

RDW in a blood test - this is a survey that is carried out the most modern methods and technologies. However, in practice also possible manual counting erythrocytes. Though this method is the most accurate, due to excessive labor costs and time spent on it in modern diagnosis is not particularly popular.

Deciphering the results of the study: the norms of indicators

Deciphering the results of the study involves the comparison of the data with the medical index standards. Besides the main index must take into account such parameters as the level of leucocytes, glucose or cholesterol. This makes it possible to more accurately assess the overall condition of the patient and to detect various pathological processes.

The value of the norm is the same for all patients, but the clinical index study may vary according to the age and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Table of average values ​​norms heterogeneity of erythrocytes:

Age in months.	Norma, in%
Less than 6 months.	14,8-18,6
From 6 months. to 10 years	11,6-14,8
Older than 10 years	11,4-14,4

When interpreting the indicator RDW-SD must also take into account the clinical value of MCV, due to which the expert can detect the development of microcytic anemic diseases. RDW-CV index accurately reflect the pathological changes in cell volume of blood cells, but it is impossible to conduct without a common diagnosis.

Unlike SD, femtolitrah measurement is carried out, where the average rate is 42 ± 5 fl.

Decipher and correctly interpret the results of the RDW-study can only highly qualified specialist. Also, the doctor should know the full medical history of the patient, through which it is possible to account smaller factors.

Increased index: Causes

Since the optimum value of RDW index rules do not go beyond 14-15% increase of the index is characterized by differences in the size of blood cells. On this basis, the higher the clinical level in the blood, the more pronounced the difference in cell volume.

Distorted decoding result may indicate the presence of specific antibodies in the sample patient's blood agglutinins, which under certain circumstances can cause erythrocyte fusion, distorting the result diagnostics. The increase in blood RDW often evidence of serious violations or during pathological processes inside the body.

The most common factors are:

• Hemoglobinopathies, iron deficiency anemia. Due to the occurrence of various pathologies associated with impaired production of hemoglobin is a sharp increase in the volume of red blood cells that causes a disturbance to blood flow. As a result, the distribution width and diagnosed RDW value is increased by several times.
  
• Diseases that affect the bone marrow. Such pathological signs like myelodysplasia, some types of cancer, as well as chemical poisoning may indicate violations of cellular activity in the tissues of the bone brain. This leads to the synthesis of non-standard, partly mutated to the human body's blood cells. With the development of these diseases there is a sharp increase in the average value of the width of the red blood cells.
• Folic acid cuts. Congenital or acquired deficiency of folate may be folic acid provoke anemia, which is characterized by the formation of a significant number macrocytes. Whereby diagnosed RDW level deviates from the normal upward, which is accompanied by changes in the width and volume of blood cells. Medical reception and further normalization acid contributes to the restoration of the normal erythrocyte level ratio width. A similar condition occurs in women in early pregnancy, which is why folic acid supplementation refers to the mandatory measures.

In addition to the most popular reasons related to the unnatural increase in the level of RDW, on the rate is also affected by surgical intervention or direct blood transfusion.

Indicator increase also occurs in cardiovascular diseases, chronic liver problems or hemolytic crisis. Deficiency of iron, B vitamins and uninterrupted frequent alcohol intake can increase the index diagnosed.

The distortion of the survey results, indicating the increase in RDW, often not observed. However, under certain circumstances, may not be correctly diagnosis the patient's blood. Thus, the frequent use of drugs with a high iron content may be a slight increase in red blood cells.

The reasons for low levels of RDW

RDW in a blood test - this is a study, in which the indicator is below normal almost does not occur. Reduced level of determining the width eritrotsitalnoy says about the active development of serious pathological processes inside the body.

But, despite this, almost all clinical cases, the low level of the indicator is the result of a laboratory error or external factors.

Under reduced index RDW advised to undergo re-examination, which involves carrying out diagnosis using the two mandatory indicators - RDW and MCV. Using only a single index can not be held to the doctor any useful information.

If the results of repeated studies have produced similar figures, the diagnostic error has been ruled out, the reasons for the decrease may be different factors.

For example:

1. Surgery or surgery, especially when removing any organ or painful part.
2. Severe blood loss as a result of a traumatic process. In this case represents a particular danger uterine bleeding internal channels or stomach. If the loss is accompanied by a rapid current, in addition to the natural increase of RDW, chances of survival are reduced in an exponential manner.
3. Pathology in metabolic processes, because of which it is impossible to the natural absorption of nutrients, vitamins or mineral structures.
4. Hormonal abnormalities. In this case, a low level of volume of distribution is most often falls on the background of pregnancy, menopause or reproductive system development. Also, hormones may deviate when taking of drugs.
5. Rare congenital or acquired pathologic conditions, leading to loss of functionality biochemical blood cells.
6. Lack of vitamin groups A, B or folic acid.
7. Blood transfusion.

Often reduced level of RDW indicates the presence of parasites in the patient's body. In this case, you need to conduct additional tests to identify them.

Diagnostic ratio of the RDW and MCV

For the most accurate and precise research RDW deviation, together with a general indication of the average is considered a parameter of volume of blood cells or MCV. Only the simultaneous correlation between the two indices will enable the specialist to evaluate the condition of the patient and withdraw the necessary information for future treatment.

Deciphering the RDW and erythrocyte MCV index takes into account the following parameters:

1. Reduced RDW and MCV. Called pathological processes in the spleen (removal of the damaged blood cells) or liver.
2. Reduced RDW, elevated MCV. Cancer occurs when direct brain lesions or metastases.
3. Elevated RDW, low MCV. It occurs in iron deficiency elements or beta-thalassemia.
4. Elevated RDW and MCV. Formed due to hemolytic anemia, a lack of vitamins B, and if the blood sample contains agglutinins.
5. Normal RDW, elevated MCV. This includes any liver disease.
6. Normal RDW, low MCV. Diagnosed after a blood transfusion, chemotherapy effects, as well as an intermediate form of thalassemia. In some cases, it may show up after splenectomy.

When the failure rate to a smaller width of the erythrocyte MCV indicator survey is conducted again. Such a diagnostic error will be available in manual counting of blood cells. If re ratio shows a similar result, additional tests are assigned to a patient.

In some cases, you must re-analysis?

In addition to re-analyze the RDW with medical error, a specialist may prescribe a study based on the individual patient, or the presence of certain factors.

They are as follows:

• pathology blood hereditary nature;
• severe inflammatory diseases;
• reception or herbal medications, directly affecting the functionality of the pituitary gland;
• previously undergone surgical intervention.

Also, the level of examination of erythrocyte width is assigned during the menstrual cycle. In this case, the analysis is carried out several times before and after menstruation, thus eliminating severe blood disorders.

In order to understand what is the indicator of RDW is not necessary to learn to be a doctor. However, the correct decoding of the analysis must take place only under the supervision of highly qualified specialist, who will be able to point to the emergence and development of various pathological processes in the blood patient.

This index is the ratio of the width of the blood cells, as well as a number of other diagnostic indicators to help detect problems in a timely manner, thus reducing the risk of complications.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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