GRA in a blood test. What is it, deciphering, the rate of women, children and men. Which means if reduced, increased levels of what to do

Blood test - a doctor's laboratory research, allowing to calculate all kinds of cells in a liquid connective tissue, which include the GRA or granulocytes.

What is the GRA

The scientific process of blood breaking down into its component parts - this is the most simple and inexpensive method of research, which allows the physician specialist to identify the pathological process in the body of the patient. KLA to evaluate any deviations from accepted standards of medical composition of the liquid connective tissue.

GRA - is the symbol of one of the varieties of heterogeneous groups of polymorphonuclear cells for which is characterized by a large segmented nucleus and in the cytoplasm of the presence of granulomas, glowing in microscope. The amount of granular leukocytes in the blood plasma is stable value.

Granulocytes are responsible for important body functions and provide full activity of the organism:

• struggle with the root cause of inflammation in the body;
• have a negative effect on the infectious agents;
• neutralize substances that cause allergic reactions in the body.

in the accumulation of blood white cells show the presence of an active inflammatory process in the body that helps healthcare professional to determine the cause and kind of pathology.

Types of granulocytes in the human body and their functions

GRA (in the analysis of the blood is an indicator of uniform white cells) have a semi-liquid contents of the cell specific granules, which are represented by lysosomes and piroksisomami. Granular leukocytes are the most numerous members of the liquid white cells connective tissue and excreted body hematopoietic system, carries hematopoiesis, from a single Precursor cells.

Getting in the way gematsirkulyatorny, granular leukocytes are divided into macrophages and parietal pools. Such a state of granulocytes is the primary step before leaving the bed of liquid connective tissue in organs and systems of the body where white blood cells live for about 48 hours. The main feature of granular white blood cells - a reaction to the usual staining in laboratory research.

This makes it possible to divide the granulocytes on:

• segmented neutrophils;
• eosinophils;
• granolotsitarnye basophils.

Title	Features	functions
polymorphonuclear leukocytes	when stained with Romanovsky stained all dyes; have a segmented nucleus; are polymorphonuclear leukocytes; possess adhesive properties; very mobile; move to a foreign agent; can trap bacteria; emigrate beyond the blood vessel; They have the ability to active amoeboid movement; move in the direction of the pathological changes in the body; They have a large set of antibacterial proteins.	protect the body from infectious agents; capture and digest bacteria; cleave proteins of unicellular microorganisms; help fight disease-causing fungi; to a lesser extent have a devastating effect on the non-cellular organisms; does not have a negative effect on the parasitic worms.
segmented eosinophils	colored xanthene acidic, water-soluble dye; have a bilobed nucleus; They are primary mesoderm cells; contain gistominazu degrading enzyme biogenic amine; They accumulate in the visceral organs in pathological changes; moving towards the inflammatory focus; absorb small foreign agents to the body; participate in antiparasitic immunity; allergic mediators bind process; possess antiallergic activity.	operate antitoxic function; protect the body with inadequate reaction to various substances; exhibit response to penetration of the body helminths.
granulocyte basophils	in large quantities include: imidazolyl ethylamine; hydroxytryptamine; high level of lipid compounds; inflammatory mediators; contain acidic sulfur-containing glycosaminoglycan; emerge from mature bone marrow cells; fully comply with tissue mast cells; capable degranulated; involved in the lysis of cells; move beyond the elastic tubular structures; can live outside gematsirkulyatornogo way; increase blood flow.	participate in instant type allergic reaction; block the toxic substances in the body; inhibit the spread of toxicity in the body; involved in the regulation of connective tissue coagulation liquid; is moved on the surface of E protein compounds; increase blood flow; mobilize other polymorphonuclear cells in place of the inflammatory process.

Norm

Leukogram has a certain percentage of various types of formed cells.

Standards:

indicator name	Children	men	Women
polymorphonuclear leukocytes	up to 12 months - 30-60%; 1-12 years - 31-51%.	46-71%	47-72%
segmented eosinophils	up to 1 year - 2-3%; 12 months - 6 years to 3%; 8 years - 2%.	0-5%	1-5%
Granulocyte basophilic leukocytes	up to 1 year from 0.39% to 0.89%; after 12 months - 0.6-1%.	0,5-1%	0-0,5%

The reasons for increases and decreases in value

GRA in a blood test - a marker of a pathological process that occurs in the human body. Raising or lowering the amount of polymorphonuclear cells suggests a medical specialist for reasons which provoked changes in the leukocyte formula.

Reasons for the increase for all types of granulocytes:

• body disease provoked by penetration into the body of pathogenic agents, prions;
  
• disease caused by worms and arthropods;
• local destruction of tissue in the body;
• Poisoning toxic substances;
• tumor consisting of malignant cells;
• borne infectious diseases in recent times;
• administration of antigenic material to induce immunity to the disease;
• systemic pharmacological therapy;
• increased sensitivity to certain substances.

Increase in the percentage of blood neutrophils:

• a tendency to dermal hemorrhage;
• essential thrombocythemia, whereby due to pathological alterations of maternal cells liquid connective tissue appears neoplasm.

The relative increase in eosinophils:

• disorders of the immune system;
• disorder in the endocrine glands;
• non-parasitic infectious diseases;
• lesions of the epidermis;
• malfunction of the myocardium and blood vessels;
• connective tissue disease.

Increasing levels of basophils:

• long flowing inflammatory pathology colonic mucosa;
• Hodgkin's disease;
• impaired function of cells of the connective tissue of the liquid;
• enhanced destruction of erythrocytes;
• drug addiction;
• systemic administration of drugs;
• inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

lowering:

1. Segmented neutrophils:

• effects on the different types of ionizing radiation;
• aleukemia;
• formation of connective tissue in bone marrow hematopoietic cells with loss;
• reduction in hemoglobin concentration per unit volume of blood;
• acute cyclically flowing anthroponotic intestinal infection;
• disease provoked by non-cellular agents;
• zooantroponoznaya disease with natural foci;
• lesion containing fibers consisting of collagen;
• Libman-Sacks disease;
• alcohol addiction;
• extreme depletion of the body;
• increase in volume unpaired parenchymatous organ in the abdomen;
• long-term use in the treatment of potent pharmacological agents.

2. Eosinophilic granulocytes:

• intestinal infections provoked by salmonella;
• prolonged high emotional or mental stress;
• generalized inflammation in the body;
• operations;
• Body tissue damage caused by high temperatures;
• multiple traumatic organ damage;
• diseases of the hematopoietic system;
• overwork.

3. basophils:

• inflammation of the respiratory system;
• acute infectious diseases;
• hormonal diseases with increased thyroid function;
• pituitary excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone;
• pregnancy;
• systemic corticosteroid therapy;
• nerve strain.

Indications for study

GRA - this liquid forming elements of connective tissue, which are the body's defense system. In the analysis of blood granulocytes are a certain amount of deviation from which argues in favor of a pathological process that occurs in the human body.

The main indication for the clinical trial is a liquid connective tissue:

• Assessment of the protective system of the body;
• obtain information about the cause of the disease state;
• identifying bacterial inflammatory process;
• definition of immune stress;
• flow monitoring recovery.

Where to get tested

To determine the number of polymorphonuclear cells physician-specialist prescribes medical analysis. Most often, research on the granulocyte count is performed using a leukocyte that It is the percentage ratio of the white cells in the liquid connective tissue and relates to a constant value.

This type of laboratory examination can be done in any private clinic by connective tissue sampling liquid from venous.

analysis of the cost will vary from 125 rubles. up to 160 rubles. depending on the skill level of the medical staff and the institution's status.

Just therapists, doctors prescribe blood count to determine the number GRA. Basic research can be done in any multidisciplinary specialized health care setting to outpatient care. In this case, laboratory specialist takes the capillary blood from the ring finger, and the procedure is free of charge.

Training

GRA in a blood test - an important indicator of the state of the human body.

In order to obtain reliable results should follow the rules of the preparation:

• Blood sampling should be performed in the morning;
• a few days before the procedure is necessary to renounce the use of fatty foods;
• before observation for 24 hours should be excluded from the diet: alcoholic beverages; intense muscular load; the use of pharmacological agents;
• morning, only water can be drunk before the blood donation;
  
• not recommended laboratory procedure after: physical therapy; ultrasound; reflex effects on the fabric of the front and back of the torso; x-rays;
• re-evaluation of leukocyte indicators must be done in a previous lab at one and the same time;
• liquid connective tissue for examination need to take before beginning treatment and 2 weeks after completion of therapy;
• you must inform the doctor-technician of any system abnormalities.

As the analysis

To determine the number of granulocytes is necessary to take a capillary or venous blood.

In the first case:

• Specialist medical disinfects extreme phalanx of the ring finger of the upper limb wine alcohol with a cotton sponge;
• rubs injection site dry cloth;
• nurse-technician gets from its sterile packaging needle-scarifier, which is necessary for taking capillary blood;
• quickly penetrates the skin on the finger;
• the first drops of liquid connective tissue wiping a cotton cloth soaked in ethyl alcohol;
• using medical instruments collects the necessary amount of blood to determine the amount of granular leukocytes;
  
• It applies to the damaged area with an antiseptic sponge.

After the blood collection procedure to research is needed to hold a piece of wool on the puncture site so that the blood clotted and there was no hematoma.

In the second version:

• nurse-technician disinfects the skin on the elbow antiseptic;
• using a vacuum syringe pierces the epidermis and venous vessel;
• 10 ml of liquid chooses the connective tissue;
• piercing presses with a cotton swab dipped in wine alcohol.

deciphering analysis

GRA in a blood test - this is an important diagnostic indicator. White corpuscles liquid connective tissue perform a protective function in the human body. Laboratory research makes it possible to assess the overall condition of the patient and the immune system.

Different types of polymorphonuclear cells are responsible for certain functions in the human body.

Leukocyte count allows a specialist to see the full picture of the disease process and to determine the diagnosis, to continue to prescribe adequate treatment. quantitative changes in white blood cells are of two types of research results.

Increasing the number of young neutrophils, accompanied by the appearance in a liquid connective tissue of young granulocytes:

• Infection with serous purulent inflammation;
• acute pathological process is complex;
• blood within the vascular bed;
• loss of consciousness with fading reflexes;
• shift of acid-base balance in the body in the direction of increasing acidity;
• muscular fatigue;
• excessive formation of connective tissue in bone marrow hematopoietic cells with loss and gain vnekostnomozgovogo of blood;
• acute myeloid leukemia;
• the defeat of the organism secondary malignant lesions;

The predominance of mature neutrophils over the young:

• pernicious anemia due to impaired hematopoiesis due to a lack of vitamin B12;
• pathology of the hepatobiliary system;
• failure operation paired bean-shaped organ that can produce urine.

Deciphering analysis GRA holds a doctor, appointing investigation. When changes in the leucocyte count, only a medical professional can determine the pathological process.

For general clinical analysis of blood characterized by the following figures and deviations:

indicator name	The norm in%	increase	lowering
eosinophils	from 1-5%	infectious disease provoked by group A streptococci; defeat the body tubercle bacillus; Filatov's disease; purulent inflammation of the urinary tract; long flowing systemic venereal disease caused by bacteria pale treponema; Chlamydia infection of the body; parasitic diseases; urticaria; violation tone of blood vessels in the nasal cavity; chronic inflammatory disease of the skin; angioedema; disease Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann; diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis; inflammation and swelling of the film covering the light outside; leukemia; haematological disease of lymphatic tissue; malignant neoplasms; organ failure, arterial vascular wall; systemic failure of small joints; with visceral disease processes of the connective tissue.	inflammation of the appendix of the cecum; Acute pathology of the pancreas; inflammation of the abdominal cavity; traumatic shock; common infecting organism pathogens getting into the blood; violation of the hormonal system; heavy metal intoxication; Stage 4 cancer of the blood; state high voltage organism.
segmented neutrophils	41-71%	inflammation of the tonsils sky; pathology of the maxillary sinus; pyo-necrotic process in the bone tissue; inflammation of the lung tissue; bronchial occlusion due to swelling of the mucous membrane; damage to body tissues caused by the action of heat; accumulation of pus in the organs and tissues as a result of the inflammatory process; necrosis of parts of the body to rot; cessation of blood flow in spasm of the arteries; tumor pathology; autoimmune processes; retroviral therapy; after administration of antigenic material.	viral respiratory tract lesion; zoonotic infection; inflammatory liver disease; leukemia; malignant lesion liquid connective tissue; increased concentration in the body thyritropic hormones; radiation therapy.
Granulocyte basophilic leukocytes	0-0,5%	malignant tumor that develops from epithelial tissue; hematologic diseases of the lymphatic tissue; acceleration and unregulated proliferation of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow; insufficient production of thyroxine; hormone therapy; inflammatory pathology of colonic mucosa; skin diseases with itching; enhanced destruction of erythrocytes; pathological changes in the immune system; pancreas hormone deficiency; increased sensitivity to certain substances; organ resection that can produce blood cells and perform complex functions associated with the process.

Normalization of blood analysis

When changes in the leukocyte formula, you must first consult a doctor, therapist, who will appreciate the result of the analysis, will appoint an additional examination. On the basis of the additional check the status of the patient, physician-specialists will determine the tactics of treatment.

The main methods of normalization of white blood cells include:

• medication pathology provoked quantitative changes polymorphonuclear cells;
• balanced diet;
  
• walks in the open air;
• Regular light muscular load in accordance with age;
• night sleep of not less than 8 h;
• rejection of bad habits.

GRA - this is a very important indicator of the processes in the human body. To avoid missing an emerging pathology is necessary once a year to do CBC.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the GRA in a blood test

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