In red blood cells increased in adult men, women. The reasons that this means the rate of age. The table designation. What to do

Red blood cells are blood cells that carry oxygen to all the cells of the organism. Increasing concentration is not less dangerous than fall. Changing the composition of the blood may be physiological or the pathological nature as a child and an adult.

The role of red blood cells

Red blood cells - are round, biconcave blood cells red, which contain hemoglobin, fat and protein. This formulation provides basic and advanced functions of the cell. The primary purpose of red blood cells - is the oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange. Located in the composition allows hemoglobin cells transport oxygen from the lungs to all tissues and are administered carbon dioxide.

Adjuvant treatment of red blood cells:

• deliver nutrients (vitamins, amino acids and glucose) necessary for the normal operation of cells;
• protect cells from the effects of radicals and toxins (which destroy the cells and interfere with their normal operation), and facilitate their removal from the body;
• contribute to the maintenance of immunity;
• regulate metabolism and maintain the acid-base equilibrium;
• maintain blood viscosity and are involved in the formation of clots (feature required when injury of the vessel to prevent the loss of a large amount of blood);
• maintains the elasticity of blood vessels and the fortress.

Red blood cells are essential for normal functioning of the body, as the balance is maintained in all metabolic processes. Changing their concentration in the blood leads to malfunction of organs. Erythrocytes are produced in the bone marrow, and after 4 months is their destruction in the spleen and liver.

Table of norms of red blood cells in adults

in red blood cells increased (in an adult, this pathology is more common than in children) or lowered is determined by the table. Norm has different meanings depending on the gender and age range.

The allowable range of deviations of red blood cells in adults:

age-related parameters	Norma men 10¹² / l	Norma women 10¹² / l
12-16	4,0-5,5	3,6-5,1
16-20	4,3-5,7	3,8-5,2
20-35	4,2-5,6	3,7-5,2
35-50	4,1-5,6	3,6-5,1
50-70	4,1-5,5	3,5-5,1
older than 70	3,9-5,5	3,4-5,1

Indicator red blood cells in men than in women.

This is due to hormonal feature (male hormones activate the production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow women on the contrary, slow down the process). In pregnant women, the digital indicator of the range falls below the 3,4-5,5 10¹² / l. This is due to the presence of excess fluid in the body, due to the swelling. Also, hormonal changes and an increase in total circulation.

Reasons for increasing red blood cell count

Erythrocytosis (increased red cell count in the blood) may occur due to the impact of physiological and pathological factors.

Physiological causes:

• A small amount of fluid consumed or used water with a high content of chlorine gas. This leads to thickening and changes in blood composition.
• Prolonged exposure to heat (the specifics of the work, the solarium visits).
• Profuse blood loss as a result of a difficult birth. Because of this reduced total blood volume in the body but not the bone marrow reduces the production of erythrocytes.
• Accommodation in the mountains (the thin air to create an artificial feeling of lack of oxygen). As a result, the bone marrow starts to produce more red blood cells to make up a deficiency of oxygen in the cells.
• Active and passive smoking.
• The presence of prolonged exercise and excessive exercise.
• Frequent and prolonged stress conditions.
• The consequence of hormonal preparations.
• Malnutrition.
• The presence of overweight disrupts the bodies, and creates a feeling of lack of oxygen.

Pathological causes:

1. Lack of water in the body. Dehydration can occur due to poisoning with accompanying prolonged vomiting and watery stools, fever for more than 3 days, long term administration of diuretic drugs.
2. Significant blood loss open fractures, burns, bleeding ulcer.
3. Poisoning of the body action of toxic substances, long-term infection, poisoning low-quality alcohol products or products, failure to comply with taking medication to excess dosage and course of treatment, inhalation of toxic fumes air.
4. Malfunctions of the kidneys, liver.
5. Pathological processes in organs of the endocrine system (thyroid gland and pancreas, adrenals).
6. Diseases of the respiratory system. Due to lower efficiency of light body lacks oxygen. Pathologies: asthma, lung inflammation, inflammation of the larynx and in the nasal mucosa, pulmonary mucosa burn pairs of hot air or chemicals.
7. Violation of the functioning of the heart and lungs. Fabrics are not getting the right amount of oxygen in a timely manner, because of which increases production of red blood cells.
8. bone marrow disease.
9. Violation of the digestive tract health.
10. Reduction of vascular permeability and elasticity. It may develop due to the increased amount of cholesterol, platelets and increased blood viscosity.
11. The presence of malignant tumor formation, especially in the bone.
12. Lack of hemoglobin.
13. Organ transplant from a donor.
14. Genetic disease affecting the functioning of the bone marrow.

Infectious and inflammatory processes disrupt the functioning of organs and bone marrow, which leads to a change in the erythrocyte concentration.

types erythrocytosis

in red blood cells increased (in an adult changes have acquired character) mostly due to the effects of pathological factors than physiological.

Depending on the cause of the disease has deviations conditional division into 3 types:

1. Physiological. Characterized by increased production of red blood cells in response to anoxia cells. When the amount of oxygen deficiency (pulmonary pathology rarefied air in the mountains), the body perceives this as a signal deficiency of red blood cells and increasing their production in the bone marrow. Consequently, the concentration of red blood cells increases.
2. Relative. In this case the concentration of red blood cells is increased by reducing the total blood plasma (dehydration, blood loss). In this case, the bone marrow produces a standard amount of red blood cells.
3. Absolute. Polycythemia develops as a result of disease in the body.

This type of disease is further divided into two subspecies:

• Primary. It is a genetic disease that affects the formation of blood cells. The disease is inherited and appears in childhood.
• Secondary. Erythrocytosis or feature is a consequence of existing pathologies (cancers, inflammatory or infectious diseases).

Depending on the type of disease specialist selected appropriate treatment. Without addressing the root causes of component of red blood cells can not be restored.

External disease symptoms

Erythrocytosis accompanied by characteristic symptoms, which increases with a further increase in index. Signs of disease are external and internal displays.

External changes:

• the skin becomes red hue, especially on the face and extremities. With the dramatic increase in the appearance is marked blush on the cheeks. Also becoming more red tongue and oral mucosa;
• under strong thickening of the blood (due to the large number of erythrocytes) deteriorates its passage through the fine capillaries, which is accompanied by limb blueness;
• sudden bleeding from the nose, without the influence of provoking factors;
• blood in the process of cleaning teeth;
• noticeable fatigue, decreased performance, and memory impairment. Also, the patient is constantly sleepy. This change is also caused by blood density. For its pumping through the body spends more energy;
• the patient is often in a whiny mood accompaniment of apathy and depression;
• respiratory failure, shortness of breath and cough irrational;
• chronic runny nose due to swelling of the nasal mucosa;
• for cuts or abrasions noted the appearance of a viscous and bright red blood. This is due to the fact that a greater availability of erythrocytes (red blood cells) is stronger than blood stains in red, and their increased amount of blood thickens;
• occurrence of scratching of the skin because of itching after taking water treatments;
• deterioration condition of the hair, nail plates, as well as improved skin dryness;
• The presence of small bruises bruises and without the punches;
• blurred and confusion, there may be fainting;
• disruption of the functioning of the digestive system, which is accompanied by poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, loose stools. Consequently, significantly reduced weight.

If a person has two or more of these symptoms, and there are, or have been in the recent time, provoking reasons for the increase of red blood cells, it is necessary to appeal to the specialist to diagnose and troubleshoot pathology. The disease risk of developing serious complications (to be discussed below), and death.

internal signs

Increased erythrocyte also expressed and internal changes, as a characteristic of the blood, and violation enforcement function. In children, symptoms may be more pronounced than in adults because of the unformed immunity.

Internal features:

• persistently elevated temperatures without the presence of colds;
• Regular pain in muscles, joints and headaches;
• disruption of the functioning of the digestive system;
• liver, spleen and kidneys increase in size, the change left untreated leads to death;
• the changes in the hormonal background;
• chest pain after exercise;
• hearing loss with tinnitus;
• The presence of small blood clots;
• increasing the pressure indicator;
• change the quality of view (due to the deterioration of the power of the optic nerve).

Additionally, the root causes of the patient's symptoms are present. Symptoms initially pronounced. Gradually, the immune system can not cope with the viscosity of the blood and the patient's condition deteriorates.

Diagnosis and Analysis

In the presence of symptoms and the causes that provoke the development of erythrocytosis, consult a physician to confirm or deny the diagnosis and determine the root causes of disease.

Diagnostic sequence:

1. Gathering information about illnesses and the presence of a genetic predisposition and when the symptoms have been detected. the availability of medical treatment as specified (the cause may be the side effects of drugs).
2. patient examination for the presence of bruising, determining discoloration of the skin, also palpated liver and spleen to determine the change in their size.
3. Assigned renting urine and blood (preparation procedure is performed and how the fence are described below).

When confirming the increase in the red blood cell is assigned an additional examination to determine the underlying causes of the disease:

• US (examined the liver, kidneys, spleen). The equipment allows to define the quality of organs and blood supply to organs. Also, major changes of the vascular system;
• ECG for the detection of abnormalities in the heart muscle;
• MRI for a more precise and detailed examination of the internal organs. Often administered for suspected of having cancer;
• Radiography requires the operation to determine the pulmonary system. The procedure shall be appointed immediately after the confirmation of the diagnosis of erythrocytes by a blood test.
• Hardware detecting the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood analysis.
• bone marrow puncture.

Preparation for blood sampling

A blood test to determine the number of red blood cells, it is desirable to pass in the morning, but it is possible in the afternoon. In this case, the last meal should be 4 hours before blood sampling. It is not recommended to change the usual diet, as this will distort the results.

Also it is necessary to cancel the enhanced physical activity and avoid stressful situations. When assigning skilled repeating the procedure it is desirable to donate at one time and in one clinic. To obtain accurate results. Various reagents and equipment have different uncertainty.

How to take the analysis

in red blood cells increased (at the adult in determining the deviations are taken into account norms for age and gender) or are normal is determined by drawing blood for analysis. Given the fact that the blood from the vein gives a more accurate reading, the procedure is often assigned to the fence of the vein material. In rare cases of a finger.

When taking the analysis on the arm, above the elbow, applied a tourniquet.

In determining the puncture his disinfected with alcohol cotton and produce needle insertion. The desired amount of the material (on average 5 ml) is collected in a special test tube or syringe. After removing the needle must be pressed firmly wool, with a disinfectant, in the zone of capture assay.

So as not to bruise came, and quickly stopped the blood, it is recommended to keep a hand in the bent position for at least 10 minutes. Counting blood components (platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes) is produced in the analyzer, or manually using a microscope. Under questionable data obtained using instruments made additional blood analysis manually.

How to wait for the study results

From laboratory equipment it depends on time availability of results. When using the analyzer's data will be ready in 1 hour. During the procedure manually result can be ready for 7 days.

Decoding results

Table analysis results (issued on your hands or your doctor) indicates the number of the main components of blood, including red blood cells. They are indicated in numerical values, a number indicates the average allowable range of deviations. Additional lines may be specified change in the shape of red blood cells.

The degree of deformation depends on the amount of +:

• + - 25% of the cells changed;
• ++ — 50%;
• +++ — 75%;
• ++++ - deformed almost all the red blood cells.

This change can affect the increase in the number of red blood cells. Since the deformed shape it carries less oxygen, so that the brain produces more red blood cells. Complete and accurate transcript of the analysis made by the attending specialist.

How to normalize blood counts

Elimination of the pathology has been a therapist and a specialist eliminating the root cause (depending on the disease). For the treatment of prescribers blood thinning and destroying the excess of red blood cells cells. Therapy in treatment extends to the elimination of the primary disease.

medication

elevated in red blood cells (adult cause changes in the number of erythrocytes can be unhealthy habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption) more often because of the impact of pathological factors that require medical treatment.

When the physiological nature of the pathology persists independently after removing the cause. 2 types of medicines prescribed to blood thinners. Drugs aimed at reducing the amount of the protein of fibrin, which is necessary to create a viscosity at vascular lesions.

To these drugs include:

• Heparin. It dilutes the blood immediately after administration of the injection;
• Warfarin. Exchange treatment and dosage tablets assigned specialist. The effect is observed after a full course of therapy;
• Fenilin. tablets treatment takes 3 days. On the first day appointed 160 mg on the second day of 140 mg, the final day of 40 mg. The dosage may vary depending on the number of red blood cells.

Drugs that reduce platelet count. They are needed to stop bleeding during vascular injury. When erythrocytosis may enhance blood viscosity.

List of drugs:

• Aspirin;
• Ipaton;
• Integrilin.

Additionally prescribed medicines for immunity (viferon, Immunal, estifan). Drugs should not be taken alone. The dosage, rate and form of the medicinal products are prescribed by the attending specialist. Self erythrocytosis is dangerous to health.

At high magnification erythrocytes in blood transfusions can be administered or bleeding in stationary conditions. Receiving Pharmaceuticals, blood thinners, accompanied by the use of drugs, to eliminate the root causes. Compatibility drugs in treatment chosen therapist.

diet therapy

The number of red blood cells in the blood can be reduced and subject to the special conditions of supply.

Reduce the number of products containing iron:

• meat dishes, especially with smoking;
• Products made of wheat flour;
• pomegranate, walnuts, cabbage;
• milk products with any measure of fatness.

Excluded product causes an increase in platelet count:

• decoctions of herbs (nettle, St. John's);
• berries of Aronia in any form, even compotes;
• greens (lettuce, spinach).

Strictly observe the drinking regime.

Lack of moisture can rapidly increase the concentration of red blood cells. It is recommended to drink clean water, green tea and juices without sugar. Carbonated drinks and alcohol are completely excluded from the diet.

The list of essential products that help to reduce the index of red blood cells:

• fish and other marine products;
• fresh berries and fruits;
• vegetables in any form with the exception of cabbage and potatoes.

Dieting is recommended during treatment and after recovery within 6 months.

Folk remedies

Traditional recipes can be used as prophylaxis and in conjunction with medication. Compatibility of herbs and medicines necessary to clarify the therapist.

Decoctions and infusions recipes to reduce the amount of red blood cells:

• flour fennel seeds. For its preparation must be dried plant seeds to grind to a state of flour and consume 5-7 grams 2 times a day. Flour must dissolve for 5 minutes and washed down with water. Duration of treatment 60 days;
• infusion of wormwood, willow-herb and mint. Herbs are mixed in equal proportions. To prepare the required beverage 25 g grass steamed mixture 1 liter of boiling water. Strain after 40 minutes, and to use 3 times daily with 100 ml before meals. Course - 20 days;
• honey and garlic tincture. Must be connected in equal proportions of honey and minced garlic. Infuse in a cool place (refrigerator) for 20 days. Eat 2 times a day before eating 20 grams. The course of treatment 7-10 days. This tool can be used only with the permission of the attending physician. It is necessary to eliminate the allergy and the presence of abnormalities of the digestive tract.

The dosage and course of therapy may correct the therapist depending on the severity of the disease.

Possible consequences

Delays in treatment or ignoring symptoms can lead to malfunction of organs. Thick blood gives oxygen delivery wears vessels is an increase in liver and spleen. Disrupted the heart and brain. Without proper treatment of polycythemia can be fatal.

Increased erythrocyte accompanied by symptoms characteristic of most diseases. Discoloration of the skin, unexplained bruises and shortness of breath should be a reason for treatment to the therapist and examination of the blood. In adults, the disease may gain due to nicotine and alcohol dependence.

Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

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