Ventricular premature beats. What it is, treatment, what is dangerous, causes, effects, ECG, drug group

Ventricular premature beats - a type of heart rhythm dysfunction. This state, at which there is a premature contraction of the heart or individual cameras can be triggered by various factors.

What is the ventricular premature beats

arrhythmia problem familiar to many. At some point, the heart stops, there is a lack of air, it can palpable cardiac impulse.

The reason discomfort - beats or heart rate, stray from the rhythm. The normal heartbeat starts when cardiac pulse comes from the sinus node. This node is sometimes called the natural pacemaker.

To the heart to work properly, the heart impulses to be transmitted on the exact route of the legal atrium to all parts of the ventricles. When pulses are delivered to the ventricles, they cause them to contract and pump blood, enriched with oxygen in the organism. In adults, a healthy heart beats 60 to 100 times per minute.

The emergence of centers of intensive activity that occur outside of the center of the sinus node, make your heart beat erratically, causing at the same time additional reduction in relaxation moment infarction.

Ventricular premature beats - it is a phenomenon that occurs in young, elderly, healthy, and with cardiac disorders. It can take place randomly or at predictable intervals.

The causes of ventricular arrhythmia

The causes of the development of ailments, are different, as well as its consequences.

The etiology of arrhythmia is of two kinds:

• Organic.
• Neurogenic or functional.

organic causes

When unevenness arrythmia of the heart due to the small volume of blood flowing into the aorta from the left ventricle. As well as any other focus of excitation can disrupt the rhythm of the heart. Cardiac disease available, often aggravate the condition. Extrasystoles organic properties appear in the damaged myocardium.

Pathologies that affect the development of tachycardia:

• coronary artery disease;
• arterial hypertension;
• cardio;

  

• chronic heart failure;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• pericarditis;
• myocarditis;
• cardiomyopathy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pneumonia affects the level of oxygen in the bloodstream, whereby heart failure occurs.

functional reasons

Disorders which are based on functional reasons, are the most common.

This can be a combination of various factors affecting the occurrence of extrasystole:

• stress loads;
• coffee, strong tea;
• smoking;
• alcohol;
• Food;
• drugs;
• physical exercise;
• drugs (antiedematous).

In these cases it is not always possible to determine the organic heart damage, so "harmless" functional beats causes many heart diseases.

Idiopathic form of arrhythmia

Ventricular premature beats - is a disease whose etiology may be of gratuitous character. In some cases, doctors can not be determined cardiac changes after examination of the patient. These cases are of unknown etiology. This shape is found in different patients, regardless of age, sex and related diseases.

Doctors admit that the starting torque ideiopaticheskoy forms can be:

• disorders of the autonomic nervous system;
• change of mental and emotional background of man;
• change in blood electrolyte composition;
• effect of antiarrhythmic drugs.

Classification of ventricular arrhythmia

There are two types of ventricular arrhythmias - disturbance pulse generation and disturbance pulse conductivity.

Depending on this medicine held arrhythmia classification:

• safe, non-accompanied diseases;
• potentially dangerous extending bessimptomatichno and arising as a consequence kardiozabolevany;
• malignant.

Last pathology form occurs on the background of changes in cardiac function and is manifested in the form of:

• Ventricular flutter. Frequent and their rhythmic contraction (300 strokes) is a consequence of the uncropped tachycardia often goes into fibrillation.
• ventricular fibrillation - a fast heart rhythm that occurs in the lower parts of the heart, usually at a rate of over 300 beats per minute. Impulses of the heart occur randomly, heart muscle cells are activated without coordination, so there is no normal heartbeat. This heart is called the "trembling". If time does not carry out resuscitation, the patient dies after 3-5 minutes. Uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles of the electrocardiogram is not always clearly expressed rejection.
• ventricular tachycardia - serious heart rhythm disturbance that occurs on a background of myocardial injury. The frequency of heartbeats reaches 250 per minute. Sometimes tachycardia begins with a slow speed cuts ranging from 110-115 beats per minute. This type of arrhythmia is not allows the heart to pump blood efficiently, leading to a loss in its vital organs, including the brain. The emergence of this type of arrhythmia often leads to loss of consciousness.

Patients with these symptoms of tachycardia requires immediate medical attention.

The symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia

Determine independently whether there are signs of the disease can be difficult. Not everything that is perceived as a sinking of the heart, there beats. Often confused heart pain, intercostal neuralgia with arrhythmia.

On the development of arrhythmias indicate the following symptoms:

• uneven heart rate;
• sense of cardiac arrest;
• lack of air;
• atypical chest pain location;
• weakness, dizziness;
• strongly expressed ripple (possible in the veins of the neck);
• in some cases the absence of a pulse.

Ventricular premature beats - it is a violation of the heart rate, which is well tolerated by many people. If the disturbed human activity, deteriorating health, then we can talk about heart disease.

Diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmia

At the first sign of disruption in heart rhythm should visit a cardiologist. Beats - a disease whose diagnosis is put on the basis of some complaints of the patient, is very difficult. Definitive diagnosis should conduct a full survey of the patient and a number of studies.

After careful examination, the doctor may suggest other experts seem:

• endocrinologist;
• therapist;
• heart surgeon;
• neurologist;
• gynecologist.

inspection

On physical examination, patients complaining of interruptions in the rhythms, the doctor is not always changes in cardiac activity. Beats are detected when calculating pulse pressure measurement, listening to the heart.

electrocardiography

With ECG confirmed the presence of additional cardiac rhythms. With the help of a graph is built cyclical rhythms that lets you see the place of formation of pulses.

Holter examination

Using Holter equipment, which the patient wears during the 24 hours, carried out daily monitoring heart rate. Also, the unit allows you to find out the impact of external factors on the occurrence of arrhythmia, the rhythm disturbance at rest and during exercise.

ultrasound

If necessary prescribe examination of the heart using a machine with ultrasound, in hypothyroidism - thyroid. Ultrasound detects ventricular aneurysm, impaired myocardial performance of the heart, determined by the size of the atria.

coronary Angiography

Invasive coronary angiography is recommended to confirm or exclude coronary artery stenting. This kind of research is carried out in patients with ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening.

Blood analysis

Patients with other diseases, we recommend a blood test to detect transient causes. The results show the presence of electrolytes, cholesterol. Eliminate rheumatism, autoimmune, endocrine diseases help of immunological, rheumatological tests.

electrophysiological study

The study is conducted via EFI patients having heart failure, complaining of fainting, having ventricular tachyarrhythmias, impaired blood flow. Examine, as a rule, patients without structural changes in the heart. Objective: to study the cardiac conduction system, the detection of pathology formation of an electric pulse.

Drug treatment of ventricular arrhythmia

Ventricular extrasystoles, depending on the shape, the severity of, treatable, which takes place the following areas:

• Simple forms extrasystole (this is a violation without hemodynamic abnormalities) do not require special treatment. In these cases, no organic heart disease. If a person does not tolerate arrhythmia, appointed sedatives, assistance therapist, treatment of diseases of internal organs.
• The increased number of premature beats in the background of cardiovascular disease without disrupting the coronary circulation and does not require the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. In this case, treating the underlying disease.
• In the case of severe forms of arrhythmia on the background of structural heart disease offered medical treatment, up to surgery.

The choice of drugs depends on the type of arrhythmia, states infarction. Selection of physician treatment sometimes takes more than one day.

The functional form

When arrhythmia having a functional form, enough to quit smoking, avoid alcohol, drinking coffee, and symptoms may disappear forever. It is necessary to establish the principle of proper nutrition, watch weight, maintain a healthy lifestyle.

If the arrhythmia is caused by neurogenic causes, you should beware of stress, a change of scenery, lifestyle.

In some cases, the doctor will prescribe sedatives sedatives:

• Organic products - motherwort, root herb valerian, lemon balm tincture.
• Chemicals - Diazepam, Rudotel.

organic form

For the treatment of this form of arrhythmia antiarrhythmic drugs are used, β-blockers.

preparations	Indications for
calcium antagonists β-blockers	When cardiac diseases without symptoms of heart failure
ACE inhibitors β-blockers	Heart disease with impaired myocardial work
xanthine	Patients with a low pulse
Sodium channel blockers	With no signs of heart disease

Traditional methods of treatment: medium recipes

There are several methods that you can try at home:

• increase the intake of nutrients that support heart (potassium, magnesium);
• practice breathing exercises to reduce stress levels;
• do yoga to strengthen the body and mind;
• try to run, ride a bike, swim.

Recipes for arrhythmia monitoring:

• Rub the leaves of Leonurus, turning them into an extract. Pour hot water, filter the mixture and drink as required.
• In boiling water, add 1 hour. l. dried herb valerian. Brew, strain and drink as needed.
• Brew 160-200 c hawthorn hot water. Let it brew, strain, then drink throughout the day.
• Grind 40 g of roots of lovage. Pour hot water (1 L). Let stand for 8 hours. Drink infusion during the day.
• To 4 cups of boiling water add 1 tbsp. l. dried herb horsetail. Infuse for 4 hours. Take 1 tbsp. l. 5 times a day.
• Infuse marigold flowers (30 c) in two cups of boiling water for 1 hour. Filter, drink every two hours with 100 ml.

Indications for surgery

Operations are assigned when detecting frequent extrasystoles - 800 per day.

Ventricular premature beats, supraventricular in some cases, combined with atrial fibrillation - these forms often require surgical intervention:

• High-frequency catheter ablation. This minimally invasive surgery in the heart area, performed under the supervision of the ECG. The basis of the widely used method of treatment - the impact of high frequency current to the region of arrhythmias.
• Open heart surgeryIn which the excised portions of reproducing additional impulses. Can be administered to implant a permanent pacemaker.

Preparation and progress of the operation

Ventricular premature beats - it is a pathological disorder in which doctors increasingly prescribe minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation. Pre-defined area in the heart, which will be affected by electrical charges. The operation is performed using the electrode catheter.

Indications for its realization:

• congenital heart anomaly structure;
• atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation;
• ventricular tachycardia;
• reciprocal nodal tachycardia (supraventricular);
• ventricular premature beats.

Before the surgery, the patient passes thorough investigation with the help of an electrocardiogram, rents laboratory blood tests, ultrasound of the heart.

Preoperative rules:

• Last meal - 12 hours before the procedure.
• Colon Cleansing in the night before surgery.
• Cancel antiarrhythmic drugs for 2-3 days before the procedure.

Ablation of arrhythmogenic zones perform cardiovascular surgery. The procedure takes place in an operating room equipped for the installation of X-ray, ECG machine, EFI generator for ablation.

Course of the operation:

1. Catheterization of the great vessels under the influence of local anesthesia.
2. Progress toward cardiac diagnostic catheters and ablation electrode.
3. Ablation (supply of electric pulses) of the heart area, causing the arrhythmia.
4. Removal of the catheter. Overlaying crushing dressings.

Postoperative period lasts 12 hours, during which must lie on his back, without bending his knees.

recovery

Postoperative complications are rare and generally they are associated with thrombotic complications. For the prevention of preoperative appointed anticoagulants. Likewise, after the procedure the patient must take anticoagulants for 3 months, while maintaining sinus rhythm.

After surgery the patient spends 2-3 days in the hospital. Appointed course of antiarrhythmic drugs to reduce palpitations. The recovery period at home can last from one to several months. In the first days of stay in bed.

Subsequently should limit itself:

• in the reception of coffee, tea;
• alcohol, tobacco;
• salt;
• physical exertion;
• stressful situations.

a second operation is performed in rare cases.

Lifestyle in pathology

When disorder of heart rhythm, especially those related to various heart diseases, should pay special attention to the way of life. You must often walk in the fresh air, relax, do not overload the body.

Malignant type requires limiting situations in life that contribute to the development of attack. Emotional and physical activity should be eliminated, as it is necessary to revise the way of life. If ventricular premature beats is a sign of a benign, there is no need to limit physical activity, but they should be within the normal range.

A few tips:

• monitor the blood pressure condition;
• limit salt intake;
• to abandon coffee and caffeine-containing beverages;
• use products that are useful for the heart: linseed oil, fish oils, vitamins supplemented with potassium, magnesium;
• taking resveratrol, Coenzyme Q10 (in consultation with your doctor);
• included in the daily menu, apricots, grapes, dried fruit, bananas, hawthorn;
• stop smoking;
• We avoid overweight;
• abandon the uncontrolled use of drugs.

Changing lifestyle can prevent many diseases.

possible complications

When a healthy heart to a normal rhythm, but emerging individual cases of failure, there is no reason for concern.

Repetitive beats can give impetus to the development of diseases:

• heart failure;
• kidney;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Reluctance to be examined and treated results in complicated forms:

• failure cardiac rhythm (atrial fibrillation);
• paroxysm of ventricular tachycardia;
• fluttering, atrial fibrillation.

These diseases increase the risk of sudden death.

The prognosis of ventricular arrhythmia

The prognosis is positive if the disease is not benign and concomitant cardiac complications. Malignant arrhythmia, organic lesion of the myocardium, creating an unpredictable and often unfavorable perspective.

It will help improve the health of antiarrhythmic drugs, and beta - blockers. Tandem these drugs will improve quality of life, reduce the risk of complications.

In many cases, ventricular arrythmia is not serious. The emergence of irregular work of the myocardium - is an occasion to conduct a full examination. This concern for health can help prevent many diseases.

Author: Anna Belyaeva

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of ventricular arrhythmia

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