Serum iron increased. The reasons for a child, teenager, adult women, pregnant women, men. Treatment

Serum iron - biochemical analysis, which makes it possible to detect the exact amount of iron in the human body, regardless, it is raised or lowered. Timely delivery of laboratory test reveals dangerous diseases and neutralize their causes.

iron function in the body

Iron is an essential component of enzymes and protein structures.

Without them, many of the functions are not possible, necessary for normal functioning of the human body:

• amino acid and DNA synthesis of collagen;
• natural metabolism;
• the enzymatic reaction of the immune system.

However, the most important function of the cell is hemoglobin - the transportation and supply of oxygen to all cellular tissues.

In addition, normal levels of iron can:

• stabilize the functioning of the endocrine system, which is explained by the synthesis of thyroid hormone structures;
• promote rapid absorption of mineral vitamins and trace minerals;
• neutralize or completely eliminate toxic substances in the liver;
• facilitate the regulatory processes of cell growth of tissue;
• prevent the development of almost all kinds of anemic disease;
• improve the condition of skin, nails and hair;
• normalize cholesterol metabolism;
• restore the oxidative reactions.

Metal is involved in energy metabolism of the human body, which is characterized by the release of specific protein structures of cytochrome in the biochemical oxidation process. Quantitative measure of body iron is distributed unevenly. Thus, about 65% of trace element associated with the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells.

About 4% - with the myoglobin molecule. More than 30% is stored in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin in the spleen, bone marrow and liver.

Depending on the functional characteristics, a small amount of metal can be found in other cellular structures. The average amount of the trace element in the body of an adult male is 4 g, in women - about 3.5 g Thus, children usually have no more than 3 grams of iron in the blood.

performance Objectives

In medical practice, the normal rate of iron is considered to be a level at which the human body functions without any restrictions. This rate depends on many factors, including age, sex, height and many other features.

The total amount of the micronutrient in the blood can be determined several biochemical methods. The simplest is the clinical analysis that is taken from the finger. In addition, there serum test for the ability to bind metal and the total content in the blood, are determined in mol / l.

Despite the ease of use in medical practice are increasingly resorting to the most accurate and demonstrative testing - Identification total iron binding capacity. In this case, the summation of basic tests.

Ranges Average Control in this method are measured in micrograms per deciliter:

Group	standard indicator
men	from 65 to 176 mg / dl
Women	from 50 to 170 mg / dl
Newborns	from 100 to 250 mg / dl
Children	from 50 to 120 mg / dl

Laboratories often use different units of measurement, normal values ​​which may vary depending on the techniques used. For example, if the analysis is taken from the finger, referensnye indicators are quite different than in a more accurate way.

Average values ​​norms in determining the simple biochemical analysis, taken from the finger:

Group	standard indicator
men	from 12 to 31 mmol / l
Women	from 9 to 30 mmol / l
Newborns	from 18 to 45 mmol / l
Children	from 9 to 22 mmol / l

Serum iron is increased (the reasons depend on the age, sex and other factors), most often in men than in women. This is due to the action of the sex hormone testosterone, as well as the inherent physical activity, leading to higher energy losses.

Reasons for increasing iron

Even the slightest deviation in serum iron from the norm can lead to various diseases, indirectly affect human life. It is therefore important to know the main causes of changes in the regulatory indicators.

Quantitative measure trace elements in the blood characterized by the rapidity of its assimilation with the help of the colon. So, if the intestine reduces the natural regulation, the metal begins to rapidly accumulate in the tissues of the body, seeping into other organs or tissues. In this case, diagnosed hemochromatosis.

Hemochromatosis can be primary, vozniknuvshey a result of genetic modification or secondary, - due to acute or chronic disease states.

In any case, excess iron accumulates in the liver, heart, pancreas and other organs. Hereditary type significantly increases the risk of cancer or heart disease. In some cases, perhaps the development of diabetes.

Serum iron is increased (the reasons difficult to detect in a timely manner) under the following circumstances:

• Hemolytic anemia type. It characterized by the rapid destruction of blood cells, which promotes penetration of hemoglobin in the tissue structure.
• Anemia hyperchromic type. It leads to problems with the absorption of vitamins and minerals folic acid, without which the protein hemoglobin synthesis impossible.
• Various kidney damage, which is broken when the natural withdrawal of iron from the body. The most common disease of this type is nephritis.
• The presence of acute or chronic hepatic diseases.
• Poisoning by various chemicals.
• Genetic thalassemia.

The excess metal in the human body can be detected due to transfusion of blood serum or excessive consumption of dietary supplements with a high microelement content. Elevated levels occurs much less frequently low.

Additional risk factors include social or territorial reasons, such as cooking in iron vessels or significant metal content in the water. Based on recent studies, alcohol consumption is directly proportional to the excess of iron.

Risk factors include men who have elevated levels of iron develops much more often than women. This particularly applies to those aged 40 to 60 years. The chances of a manifestation of hemochromatosis in women increases during menopause, pregnancy, or hysterectomy.

Signs of high iron levels

Serum iron is increased, the causes of which are often unclear to the patient, in 1/8 of the world's population. Pathology in the initial stage passes without symptoms. Expressive signs of pathological process occur in the later stages, especially if proper treatment was not initiated in a timely manner.

The most common symptoms include:

• chronic fatigue, and rapid fatigue;
• pain in the joints and abdomen;
• bradycardia or heart failure;
• changes in skin color including some pigmented spots;
• loss of interest in sex;
• weakening and loss of hair;
• hypothyroidism or low thyroid function
• enlarged liver or spleen;
• the active weight loss;
• inability to concentrate;
• joint pain.

In the presence of the above signs is an urgent need to consult a specialist. Timely treatment will avoid many complications, including the chance of death.

The relationship of iron and ferritin

Serum iron is increased (the reasons should be identified before treatment), and ferritin lowered - this situation is often explained by the deficient state of the trace element. Very often such a forecast is diagnosed in people who abuse alcohol, as well as infectious diseases or hepatitis.

If elevated ferritin, and total iron level is normal, it may signal there is a variety of reasons, including: arthritis, cancer, colds, and more more. In order to avoid the negative consequences of an urgent need to consult a doctor.

complications

In the absence of proper treatment may be a manifestation of various complications, which in some cases can lead to death.

Typical pathological changes in hemochromatosis:

• chronic scarring or cirrhosis of the liver;
• kidney failure, blindness and cardiovascular system problems;
• arrhythmia, leading to frequent pain in the chest area, palpitations and dizziness.
• higher risk of developing liver cancer;
• endocrine diseases: hypothyroidism and hypogonadism;
• arthritis, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.

Also, patients often manifest congestive heart failure. This is due to the inability of natural blood circulation in the body with a combination of high quantities of metal in vessels and heart.

Other complications can include depression, gallbladder disease and some types of cancer. Research shows that some people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, the amount of iron in the body significantly higher than the normal rate.

And preparation of

Depending on the procedure, blood is drawn from a vein or fingerprint. Fence biochemical material produced on an empty stomach in the morning. Take the best food at least 10-14 hours, - so the test results will be as accurate as possible.

Serum iron by the method of research is practically no different from any blood test.

you must follow the guidelines in order to identify the main reasons for the increased level of trace elements:

• Exception of physical factors affecting the results of the study. These include jogging or brisk walking, psycho-emotional excitement, as well as the presence of heavy loads. Before the test, it is desirable to give the body a rest for 20-30 minutes.
• Quitting smoking 1-2 hours prior to analysis. Also included are the use of tea, coffee or juice. Consume best simple mineral water without gas.
• Lack of physical therapy or chemical treatments.

It is also important that the final inspection result can significantly distort reception of various medicinal preparations. Kindly requested to consult with your doctor or specialist about the possible cancellation of one or another drug.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of medications used in the treatment of elevated levels of iron, research must be conducted after 1-2 weeks after the beginning of reception. The above recommendations are common. In some cases, there may be additional tips, which is determined by the individual patient.

It is especially important to follow these rules. Also on the final result of biochemical analysis is capable of influencing the place. Which is why it is recommended to conduct research in the same clinic. Decoding and conclusion are made on the basis of standard indicators.

Methods for normalization of elevated levels of iron

Therapy increased metal level in the blood should be directed at reducing the total amount of the trace element in the body. The first thing that is assigned to the patient - the normalization of supply in accordance with the dietary recommendations.

For the most efficient and rapid relief to the patient can be administered a variety of medication drugs, lowering the amount of blood metal. In especially severe cases, you can assign phlebotomy - blood-letting process.

of drugs

Currently, there is no direct drugs from increased iron. Despite this, your doctor may have prescribed certain medications that can reduce the amount of trace elements in the body.

Commonly used drugs:

• heptapeptides any group;
• preparations based on zinc;
• gepatoprotektory for protecting liver function;
• food complexing.

The use of any pharmacological drugs should take place under the strict supervision of a doctor. Otherwise various complications are possible. Depending on the patient's condition can be assigned to any other drugs. Often used antidepressants, immunomodulators or fusion inhibitors.

Diet therapy: general principles of food

Based on the analyzes, together with the doctor negotiated certain dietary rules that allow to significantly reduce the iron content in the human body. First of all, it is necessary to completely eliminate any vitamin or mineral complexes with metal content.

This includes almost all dietary supplements. Also undesirable intake of vitamins B and C.

the following products should be excluded from the daily diet:

• most seafood, especially shellfish;
• seaweed;
• dark chocolate;
• grain and legumes;
• strong green tea;
• pomegranates, persimmons, peaches;
• dried apples, prunes, apricots;

It is particularly important to eliminate the eggs, fatty red meat and beef liver. It is forbidden to take any alkogolesoderzhaschih drinks, including cocktails, even the weakest. Not to take sweets because they contain sugar promotes more rapid absorption of various minerals and vitamins, including metal.

In the absence of contraindications, dairy products in a large amount can be administered by a physician.

Patients suffering from high blood iron, should drink plenty of water, which can be for a variety of diluted lemon juice. In the absence of contraindications possible reception of weak black tea, herbal infusions or compotes. Any carbonated beverages is strictly prohibited.

Approximate diet for a day:

1. Breakfast. Steamed oat groats with the addition of pineapple or strawberries. Black tea without sugar with various herbs.
2. Lunch. Light salad of broccoli, cucumbers and tomatoes. Can receive 25-30 g of dried almonds or pumpkin seeds.
3. Dinner. Boiled buckwheat bread with low-fat cheese.
4. Afternoon tea. Fruit salad (without the addition of apples) and drinking yoghurt or kefir.
5. Dinner. Boiled chicken with a light diet garnish. Cocoa or rather weak black tea.

The basis of the daily diet should be raw foods of plant origin. It is also desirable drinking large amounts of soy products and legumes. Cook and eat food is better from a glass or ceramic dishes. Iron cans, pots or mugs should be excluded.

Fe at a high level in the blood is necessary to strictly adhere to the established power. Any dietary rules must be agreed with the attending physician. In most cases, the normalization of the diet is sufficient to reduce the level of metal in the human blood. By the above-described other products that need to be discussed also with an expert or nutritionist can be added.

Phlebotomy

Phlebotomy or bloodletting is the most effective method of reducing the level of iron in human serum.

The method involves the withdrawal of blood from a vein by using different methods:

• Incision or puncture in the area of ​​arterial or venous system. The most dangerous option of using phlebotomy, in which the possible loss of blood. Interference conducted slowly using a wide needle.
• Bankova procedure. For this method applies to banks of small size, which has a specialist on the patient's body. This allows you to quickly suck the blood of the external capillary or vascular surfaces, restoring the natural circulation.
• Hirudotherapy. In this case, using medicinal leeches, which are placed directly on the incision site. The main feature of this method - the fence is already unsuitable blood.

The main advantage of using a phlebotomy rapid stabilization of the patient's condition.

In some cases the improvement of the cardiovascular system, as well as the elimination of unwanted joint pain. Bloodletting in any case be carried out at home. When you use the wrong technique may be hazardous to health complications. Contraindications are: low pressure, or mental abnormalities during pregnancy.

Forecast

Serum iron - a particularly important indicator of biochemical type, allowing to determine increased or reduced metal in the human blood.

When time begun examination, the patient has the ability to quickly eliminate the negative causes of the pathological process and stabilize their condition. Compliance with all sorts of therapeutic and preventive methods contributes to the rapid recovery.

Video of the excess iron in the body

What is dangerous excess iron in the body: