Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV): Up to what age, what it is, how to make women, girls, men, boys. Whether to do if you already have a post-infection, where to do. Reviews

Vaccinated against various diseases and viruses are considered the most effective way of dealing with the problem. From HPV vaccine in Russia is used not so long ago, but she has managed to earn the trust of professionals and patients who have undergone the procedure and are satisfied with the result.

Why get vaccinated against HPV

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a specific pathogen that enters the human body different ways and provokes the appearance on the skin benign tumors of varying shape and size. These tumors are called papillomas.

Normally, they are not dangerous to humans, but in certain circumstances and under the influence of different factors can trigger the transition into malignant neoplasms. It is worth noting that in the past few years, the cases of diagnosis of genital cancers in men and women.

Specialists attribute this to the activity of HPV, namely strains under number 6, 11, 16 and 18. These varieties of the virus lead to the formation of warts in the genital area, which increases the risk of developing the disease.

Vaccination against HPV helps to cope with the problem, prevents the development of the virus and minimize the risk of malignant transformation of existing tumors. Some patients do not understand the meaning of vaccination of those already infected. Today, however, there are preventive and curative types of drugs.

The last are called to struggle with the virus, which is already in the human body. It is worth remembering that the main route of infection - sexual. But the virus is transmitted and contact-household way, and from mother to child during childbirth.

Types of vaccines against HPV, the composition and function

To date, experts use for patient treatment and prevention types of vaccinations. In each case, a preliminary survey, which helps detect the presence of virus in the body, a particular strain and the degree of disrepair.

Work on the preparations for the vaccination began in the 1980s. American scientists in several states began to carry out experiments in order to obtain funds, which could have prevented the appearance of malignant tumors of the reproductive organs system.

For nearly 30 years, were carried out various studies, experiments, which helped make the drug safe and effective. Already in 2007, vaccination of the population was permitted in 80 countries. Since 2010, this practice was applied in the majority of countries in order to prevent mass illness.

therapeutic vaccines

Today, therapeutic vaccines are in development. Specialists direct their energies to the production facilities, which will operate not only on the common strains, but also other kinds of virus, provoking more serious disease.

Due to the lack of therapeutic preparations can not be completely overcome the virus. However, in the near future, doctors plan to launch a test study.

prophylactic vaccines

Vaccinations for several years actively used in different countries for the prevention of HPV in the body after penetration. Today, experts are allowed to apply the 2 drugs that have passed all tests and are considered relatively safe.

As part of these preparations contain special proteins of human papillomavirus, which help to fight the pathogen. Additionally, the medicament comprises water for injections and other substances to ensure its effectiveness.

Mechanism of action of a vaccine aimed at strengthening the immune defense, as well as production of specific antibodies that help prevent the spread of the virus. After ingestion of proteins bind to pathogens papillomatosis, which after some time leads to the formation of antibodies against the virus 6, 11, 16 and 18 strains.

Experts say that the drug has a high efficiency approaching 100%. During the full course of vaccination is almost completely eliminates the possibility of the virus of these strains, which reduces the likelihood of genital cancers.

The effectiveness of vaccination

Vaccination against papillomavirus differs high degree of efficiency. It is in most cases brings a positive result with proper use of the product and compliance with all the recommendations.

However, doctors pay attention to patients that means efficiency is achieved only by the timely introduction.

Some drugs are prohibited for patients older than 26 years, since there are no data about their impact on the body of a mature man. This means that young people have a chance to get the vaccine and not infected with a virus or reduce its activity, if the pathogen is already in the body.

HPV Vaccine Safety

During drug development experts in different states of America conducted the study, which could confirm the safety of the serum used for vaccination. For several years they have failed, because the list of adverse reactions is not decreased, there were even cases of death.

Today, doctors can safely recommend vaccination, because the drugs used are safe and only drastic cases can trigger serious complications. The likelihood of developing life-threatening reactions, is approximately 0.003% for every 32 Mill. doses.

This can be attributed to the serum to safe means of prevention of infection by human papilloma virus. It should also be noted that a small percentage of complications is not always associated with the use of the vaccine, so even this fact can be questioned.

At what age get vaccinated. Target population for vaccination

The main route of infection by human papilloma virus is considered to be sexual, so experts believe that it is advisable to vaccinate patients aged 12 to 23 years.

During this period, the probability of infection is minimal, teens in most cases not yet sexually active, so the chances are reduced.

Vaccinations for boys and girls

In many countries, vaccinating patients against human papilloma virus begins with 9 years. The government of some countries decided to vaccinate only girls, because they have the pathogen most often provokes cancer.

In addition, this practice allows you to indirectly minimize the risk of exposure to male patients. In more affluent countries, where health care to allocate sufficient resources to cultivate the boys and girls in their teens, and young people up to 25 years.

Inoculation of adult women during pregnancy

Vaccination against HPV during pregnancy is not done. A few years experts have conducted experiments in which used about 1,500 doses of the drug for pregnant women grafting. However, the effectiveness of serum approached zero.

Today the drug is not administered to expectant mothers because it is useless, and can cause harm in some cases. The effect on fertility vaccine was also studied. Experts have concluded that the drugs do not adversely affect the reproductive function.

The first experience of the use of medication against the human papilloma virus is not intended introduction of serum for patients older than 26 years. Somewhat later, the researchers concluded that it is possible to vaccinate women to 35 years, because even in the presence of virus in serum easier for papillomatosis.

Today, doctors strongly recommended to vaccinate all women up to 45 years. This, according to the researchers, should reduce the likelihood of developing cancer of the cervix pathologies, which are often diagnosed during menopause.

vaccinations men

Men of all ages can also get the vaccine. It is effective as a preventive measure, but already infected patients the drug is administered frequently. Basically means used to prevent the development of genital cancers, prostate cancer and other diseases malignancy.

It is worth noting that for men the procedure is not mandatory in many countries, while women pass it at an early age.

To show a vaccination against HPV

There are specific indications that are the reason for the planned vaccination.

In Russia, the procedure is optional, but some factors are considered strong argument for its realization:

• Neglect means of barrier contraception to help prevent infection in most cases.
• Weakened immune system of the patient as a result of high stress and poor eating habits.
• Regular contact with people who are infected with HPV. For example, living in the same house or apartment. Contact-household path is also often the cause of infection.
• Diagnosing hazardous strains in the body.
• The presence of tumors in the body of a different size, shape and location.
• Genetic predisposition to cancer, cancer of genital organs in the family.
• An active sex life with frequent change of partners.

As a preventive measure vaccination is indicated in all patients, especially females.

Contraindications for vaccination

Vaccinations always cause patients a lot of questions, because uninformed people are afraid of negative consequences. From HPV, in some cases not necessary to be vaccinated, since complications can arise.

The most important contraindication is an intolerance of the main component of serum or allergic reaction to other ingredients in the formulation. During pregnancy and breastfeeding as vaccination is not carried out. Children under 9 years of vaccination is not introduced, because at such a young age increases the likelihood of complications.

During exacerbation of chronic liver disease, a stomach or intestinal procedures are recommended to be postponed. In addition, time will be a contraindication influenza and acute respiratory viral infection. Some specialists do not vaccinated during an acute herpes zoster, when the patient's condition is severe, there are a lot of pain and other symptoms.

During the recovery period after myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or surgery is also not necessary to be vaccinated. Relative contraindication is a course of antibiotic therapy.

This is due to the fact that preparations with antibacterial action and suppress the immune system reduce the efficiency any means which stimulate the production of antibodies or other components having similar action.

After finishing the course of antibiotics is permitted vaccination administered no earlier than 7 days. Many modern drugs precisely for such period excreted. In each individual case, a list of contraindications can vary, so before the procedure, examination of the patient is necessary.

What better vaccine against HPV

To say exactly which of the two patented vaccines can not be better, but it is recommended to get acquainted with the peculiarities of each, to learn about the advantages and disadvantages.

Name	Features
Cervarix	The structure means includes proteins specific HPV 16 and 18 strains, which trigger an immune response in the body. In this case, antibodies are formed that allow to fight the virus and prevent it from developing in the body. The preparation is a suspension, which is packaged in disposable syringes. The packaging may be 1 or 10 of such syringes. It is administered in a specific pattern, the designated expert after inspection. The suspension is contraindicated in febrile conditions and intolerance to any of its components
Gardasil	The vaccine composition contains the recombinant antigens, as well as specific proteins that stimulate the production of substances response in the patient. In addition 16 and 18 of the virus strains, the vaccine acts by 6 and 11 the strain, making it very efficient. The suspension is packaged into vials, and in disposable syringes containing one dose of medicament. Used slurry in a similar way. All contraindications and side effects in the means are the same as for Cervarix

In spite of similar composition and the therapeutic effect, Gardasil is considered more effective, since 4 acts against virus strains, whereas Cervarix suppresses only 2 of them.

This suggests that the preferred embodiment will be for use Gardasil because this drug is highly effective in combating common strains.

How is the vaccination against human papilloma virus

For the formation of a stable immunity against human papillomavirus vaccination by the standard procedure. It involves the administration of three injections at different intervals. The first procedure is carried out after a thorough examination and detection of the presence of the pathogen in the body papillomatosis.

The second dose is administered not earlier than one month but not later than 6 weeks. A third dose of the vaccine should be administered at 6 months, but sometimes it is allowed to carry out the procedure in 3-4 months. In each case the decision is made by the doctor.

The procedure involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of the patient to the administration of the vaccine. This refers not only to physical but also moral preparation. The patient should be confident in the efficacy and safety of funds, it must not be afraid of manipulation or its consequences. To do this, the doctor conducts a conversation, explains the essence of the procedure and its benefits.
   
2. After that, the nurse provides the patient sit on the couch in the office of the manipulation.
3. It prepares the injection, namely, shoulder or hip, rubs directly injection area with an antiseptic solution.
4. Thereafter, the whole dose of medicament is administered intramuscularly.
5. In place of puncture is applied sterile cotton, which is removed after the cessation of blood discharge.
6. For several minutes, the patient is better to remain in the cabinet, to eliminate the possibility of fainting.

After manipulation of the patient can go home. Doctors warn of possible adverse reactions and to fix the date of the next procedure. If, during the introduction of the patient develops complications, he remains in the hospital until their complete disappearance.

Possible complications and effects after vaccination

Vaccination against papillomavirus, in most cases does not cause adverse reactions, as is well tolerated and is completely absorbed in the body. But every patient transfers vaccination in different ways, therefore, must be aware of the possible adverse reactions.

The injection site may cause redness and swelling. The patient says about the pain when touched, and the light itching, aggravated by contact with chemicals. A few days later symptoms disappear. Only in some patients these symptoms is present more than 4-6 days.

In addition to local manifestations may develop headaches and dizziness. Sometimes patients say about the weakness and poor appetite, disorders of the stomach and intestines. Such complications are easily eliminated with the help of special means, not persist for more than 3 consecutive days.

Increase in body temperature is a common complication. Even in the absence of complications in other organs and systems hyperthermia appears often. In exceptional cases after vaccination, possible loss of consciousness, muscle spasms and other reactions. In this case, the patient immediately provide assistance and left in hospital for observation.

Years of experience confirm its safety of the vaccine. It does not cause adverse effects. Most of the negative reviews that can be found, are unfounded. Some women believe that the serum leads to infertility. Such opinion is wrong and disproved many times during the study.

Practice of the vaccine in various countries

Vaccination of patients from the human papilloma virus is actively practiced in different countries. The first serum started to be used in America for vaccinating girls aged 9-12 years. Somewhat later, the country began to administer the drug to boys, teenagers and young people. Only a few years ago, the age of patients receiving the vaccine has increased to 45 years.

It is worth noting that in the 18 states of America refers to the mandatory vaccination procedures. In other regions it is done voluntarily with the patient's wish.

In 2006, vaccination was officially authorized in the Russian Federation. Gardasil became authorized agents. In France, since 2007, actively inculcated girls from 14 to 16 years who are not sexually active or have a partner for at least 6 months. Around the same time, vaccination has been certified in the UK.

In less developed countries, vaccination against human papilloma virus is rarely used, the procedure is not certified, but the government is working on the introduction of vaccination in the compulsory program Health.

Where do the price of vaccination against HPV

Vaccination can go to any polyclinic. However, the drug is not available in every locality. In most cases, the serum can be obtained in large cities.

The cost of a single dose is approximately 9000 rubles. To pass the procedure, you must fill out an application, sign a consent form and a document confirming that the patient is aware of the contraindications and possible complications.

Vaccinations are an important part of the prevention of many diseases. From HPV is necessary to vaccinate all young people. This can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing cancers of the reproductive system.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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