Seborrheic dermatitis: causes and treatment, photo on face and head

Seborrheic dermatitis can appear regardless of age and is more often diagnosed in men. At the heart of the pathology is inflammation of the skin in zones rich in sebaceous glands.

The disease is chronic and prone to exacerbations in the off-season( fall and spring).On the types of seborrheic dermatitis, the causes and treatment of the disease is described further.

What is this disease?

Other pathology names are seborrheic eczema, seborrhea. The inflammatory process often affects the back, face, chest, skin of the scalp - areas abundantly provided with sebaceous glands.

In most patients, sebum production is increased, and this is a favorable condition for the propagation of pathogenic microflora.

The main provoker of inflammation is the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, which is present on the skin of most people in an inactive state - in the form of a spore.

Excess of sebaceous secretion and decreased immunity provoke the multiplication of this microorganism. To cure seborrheic dermatitis and reduce the risk of exacerbations, it is important to seek help from a dermatologist as soon as possible, who will prescribe an effective therapy after finding out the causes of the disease.

Causes of seborrheic dermatitis

Factors affecting the appearance of seborrheic inflammation on the skin are external and internal. All of them directly or indirectly lead to an increase in the production of sebum, or sebum.

Internal causes of of seborrheic dermatitis are:

• pathology of the nervous system;
• Parkinson's disease;
• endocrine disorders;
• epilepsy;
• genetic predisposition;
• immune diseases, including AIDS.

External factors :

• unbalanced power;
• lack of zinc and vitamin PP;
• increased sweating( hyperhidrosis);
• frequent stress, mental turmoil;
• exposure to low temperatures;
• use of soaps, shampoos and household chemicals with alkaline medium.

In most cases, it is possible to get rid of the manifestations of seborrhea, completely eliminating the cause of inflammation.

Types of the disease

Seborrheic eczema is divided into three types:

1. Fat - it can be thick and liquid. For the first, the appearance of acne and acne, more often in young men under the age of 21 years, and the second is common among girls in the adolescent period and is localized on the face and scalp with the separation of liquid secret.
2. Dry - develops with a decrease in sebaceous secretion, often before puberty. The skin thus dries, on it there are cracks.
3. Mixed - this form is characterized by a combination of dry and fat inflamed patches at any age, and mostly in men.

The degree of severity and course of the disease is also distinguished:

• Seborrhoeic eczematid is an easy form with the appearance of insignificant flaking and inflammation on the face, behind the ears and head.
• Perinasal erythema - yellowish scaly patches on the wings of the nose and nasolabial folds.
• Spotted seborrheic dermatitis is a pronounced inflammatory process with frequent and prolonged exacerbations.
• Asbestos-shaped lichen is the most complex form of seborrhea of ​​the scalp, in which the skin is covered with dense white plaques.

Symptoms of manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis

By localization, seborrheic dermatitis of the skin of the scalp and face is more common.

Symptoms on face, photo

Men and people with endocrine and immune disorders are prone to the appearance of lesions on the face. The skin at the same time resembles an orange peel due to enlarged pores, some areas noticeably shine and in time can acquire a grayish color.

Acne, pink, clearly defined papules and black dots appear. Seborrhea on the face happens not only fat, but also dry.

Untimely begun treatment of seborrheic dermatitis on the face is fraught with the attachment of a secondary infection, because of which on the skin can appear local inflammation in the form of boils or large painful acne, pyoderma.

To the inflammatory process is added peeling, soreness and itching.

Characteristic sites of seborrhea localization on the face - nasolabial folds, cheekbones, nose wings, eyebrows, forehead, superciliary arches. If the skin of the eyelids is affected, then the risk of developing conjunctivitis and blepharitis is high.

Symptoms on the head, photo

Seborrhea on the scalp is initially dry and manifests itself with dandruff. In the future, there are reddening of individual areas, itching and a feeling of discomfort. Suppuration and wounds occur when combing the skin.

Hair starts to be quickly greased, and the head has to be washed more often than usual. Then plaques of a yellowish or milky tone appear, when scraping, the skin beneath them has a red color.

Development of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp continues with hair loss and focal alopecia( baldness).As a result of successful treatment, the hairline in these areas is restored.

Symptomatic of seborrhea becomes aggravated, if not adhere to a diet, to abuse sharp, sweet and spicy dishes, alcohol.

Diagnosis

The basis for the diagnosis is the visible signs and complaints of the patient. Dermatoscopy can detect the presence of hyperkeratosis( keratinization of the skin), irritation, dandruff, the degree of inflammation and the amount of sebum secreted.

Specific methods for the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis:

• blood test;
• hair spectral research;
• study of the hormonal background.

These are necessary to exclude other fungal skin diseases and atopic dermatitis.

Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis on the face

Seborrheic dermatitis is treated by a dermatologist, but depending on the factors of illness, you may need the help of a gynecologist, endocrinologist, nutritionist and other specialists.

Therapy for seborrheic skin lesions on the face should be complex. It includes measures to eliminate the cause of the disease, diet, use of local medicines.

For skin care, you can not choose a normal soap or gels with an aggressive composition. For washing, special foams or milk are used, which include salicylic acid, tea tree oil, witch hazel, lithium salts, selenium, zinc.

Eliminated funds on an alcohol basis.

From medicinal cosmetics, the following brands are distinguished: Tsindol, Sensibio, Sebovalis, Bioderma.

From preparations, ointments for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis are appointed:

• antibiotics;
• vitamin and mineral complexes;
• antihistamines;
• antifungal ointments;
• immunostimulants;
• ointments and creams containing hormones;
• means for the treatment of comorbidities.

If seborrhea has affected the skin of the eyelids, it shows the washing with antiseptic solutions and the use of ophthalmic ointments and drops with antibacterial properties.

Physiotherapeutic procedures - darsonval, cryotherapy, ultraviolet irradiation, are effectively complemented with the treatment of seborrhea on the face.

Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp

It also requires a comprehensive approach, which includes, in addition to diet, such drugs:

• antifungal gels and shampoos( Nizoral, Ketoconazole, Nizorex, Kelual DS, Sulsen);
• antiseptics( tar soap, phyto-essence of tea tree, zinc paste);
• vitamin therapy;
• creams and ointments from seborrheic dermatitis( Lamisil, Zinocap, Advantan).

Seborrhea shampoos as an active therapeutic agent usually contain ketoconazole, cyclopyrox, selenium sulphide, zinc pyrithione or medical tar.

They have antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory effect, remove the keratinized scales from the surface, moisturize and reduce peeling.

Therapeutic shampoos are applied in courses of 15-30 days, and the frequency of washing the head is determined by the degree of severity of seborrhea.

Therapeutic diet and folk remedies

Some food products are capable of provoking the growth of fungal flora and increase the production of sebaceous skin secretion, so the diet in the therapy of seborrhea is of great importance.

It is necessary to exclude from the diet:

• marinades, pickles, spicy, spicy dishes and smoked products;
• excess of simple carbohydrates( chocolate, sweets, buns);
• fast food;
• is fatty and fried;
• possible allergens( citrus fruits, strawberries, nuts, honey, eggs);
• spirits.

The menu should include vegetables and fruits, complex carbohydrates( cereals, cereals, legumes), enough drinking water, lactic-acid foods, low-fat meat, vegetable oils.

Cook better by steaming or baking.

From folk remedies, as a supplement to the main treatment, decoctions of calendula, nettle, dandelion, string, chamomile, tar can be considered.

Prevention of seborrheic dermatitis

Probability of seborrhea development reduces preventive measures:

• hygiene compliance;
• refusal from frequent use of alcoholic beverages;
• maintaining normal weight;
• for women - regular examination with a gynecologist;
• hormonal control;
• minimizing the impact of stress;
• absence of overwork;
• timely treatment of any diseases;
• annual delivery of tests, at least blood and urine;
• maintenance of immunity.

In the prevention of seborrhea it is also important to adhere to a vegetable-milk diet without excess of fats and simple carbohydrates and take vitamins.

Seborrheic dermatitis μB 10

In the international classification of diseases of the 10th revision( ICD-10), seborrheic dermatitis is:

Class XII - Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

L20-L30 Dermatitis and eczema

( L21) Seborrheic dermatitis

• ( L21.0) Seborrhea of ​​the head
• ( L21.1) Seborrheic children's dermatitis
• ( L21.8) Other seborrheic dermatitis
• ( L21.9) Seborrheic dermatitis, unspecified