Cefixime. Instructions for use, price, reviews, analogues

Cefixime cephalosporin antibiotic series has a therapeutic effect in infectious diseases of bacterial character. Before taking this medication should be familiar with its features and contra-indicated in the instructions for use.

Release form and cost

The antibiotic is produced in 2 types:

• in a bottle 125 ml containing 100 mg of cefixime in 26 g of beige powder with strawberry smell;
• in blisters 10 oval white tablets of 200 and 400 mg.

The average price of drugs in both forms is 450 rubles. and it depends on the region and market characteristics of the pharmacy network.

Structure

Tablets and powder contain the same active substance - cefixime, which is included in the 3rd generation cephalosporins group (currently there are 4 generation cephalosporin).

Supporting components are dependent on the release form:

Pills	Suspension
titanium dioxide - a white dye, food additive E171	Silica in a colloidal form - enterosorbent outputting toxins from the body.
Sodium starch glycolate - disintegrant, which helps maintain the shape of the tablet during prolonged storage and release the active agent when ingested	saccharose
magnesium stearate - consistency regulator	strawberry flavor
Microcrystalline cellulose - an ingredient that promotes better dissolution of the tablet and absorption of the body	Xanthan gum - emulsion stabilizer, which prevents the formation of sludge and bundle slurry
Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate - calcium, which prevents clumping and caking. It is also able to reduce the incidence of intestinal disorders	Sodium benzoate - preservative, food additive E211
Sodium hydroxide - pH regulator, which prevents clumping in suspension

The spectrum of action of the drug

Cefixime, instructions for use included in the kit packaging for prescription and is used in infectious diseases of bacterial character. The preparation has antibacterial and bactericidal action, which is expressed in the suppression of bacterial cell protective functions implemented peptidoglycans.

Active drug substance prevents the development of these murein (also known as peptidoglycans), and stores the resistance to pathogens produced by β-lactamases.

The latter are the enzymes that are produced by many bacteria to protect against antibacterial agents based on penicillin and first generation cephalosporins.

Cefixime interferes with reproduction and destroys livelihoods of the majority of susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The name "Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria" invented on the basis of the Gram method - smear staining microorganisms on a glass surface.

It helps to determine the type of microbial infection:

• gram-positive - tetanus, anthrax, streptococcal, staphylococcal, pneumococcal, Enterococcus disease (meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, tonsillitis. sore throat, infection of the blood (sepsis), rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, etc.).
• gram - whooping cough, gonorrhea, cholera, gastroenteritis, salmonella and other illnesses.

Cefixime little effect against bacteria:

• Enterobacter spp;
• Serratia spp;
• morganii;
• rettgeri .;
• freundii.

The active substance is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Of total dose 60% cefixime penetrates into the lymph (nutrient fluid over all body tissue) and blood for a maximum of 0.8 hours. Residues excreted in the urine and feces through 5-8 hours after consumption.

Indications

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of bacterial diseases, such as infection mark:

• upper and lower respiratory system: sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
• urinary and biliary system: cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, a bacterial disease of the gallbladder;
• skin and soft tissues: impetigo, folliculitis, infection secondary to the weakening of immunity;
• otitis media;

  

• osteomyelitis - purulent process in the bones;
• endometritis - inflammation of the uterus;
• Lyme disease: caused by tick bite and is manifested after 5-11 days incubation period.

The antibiotic is prescribed for viral diseases (SARS and influenza) only in the event of serious complications.

Contraindications

Allergy to any of cefixime components is a direct contraindication for use.

Also, antibiotics do not accept:

• together with alcohol, otherwise arise serious side effects that may lead to death;
• too frequently, since possible development of resistance of the bacterial cells to an active substance;
• on their own, especially for diseases in young children.

Cefixime, instructions for use which requires a thorough study before taking, prescribed with care in patients with renal failure adjourned colitis and treatment of elderly people with weak kidneys (may slow the process of removing existing cephalosporin).

Acceptance of the drug by people with impaired renal function require dosage changes, otherwise there is a risk of nephrotoxic effects (kidney disease chemicals).

Side effects

Allergy to the drug manifested in the form of:

• skin rash;
• hives;
• itching;
• swelling;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome - the formation of bubbles on the body;
• erythema multiforme - inflammation of the mucous membranes and on the skin.

In case of incorrect application of independent patients may experience disturbances:

• central nervous system: headaches, dizziness;
• circulatory system, in particular: eosinophil increase, decrease of leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, hemolytic anemia (reduction or destruction of erythrocytes);
• gastrointestinal tract: stomatitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, liver damage.

Patients with sensitive organisms in the rare cases of vaginitis, genital candidiasis and mycosis (fungal disease).

Overdose

Abuse cefixime causes increased side reactions.

Treatment in this case, symptomatic and includes:

• gastric lavage intoxication;
• antihistamines with allergic reactions;
• hormonal agents (glucocorticoids);
• oxygen therapy - treatment with oxygen;
• artificial lung ventilation (AV).

Specific details on antidotes to the action of cefixime is absent.

Instructions for use of cefixime

Tablets and suspensions intended for oral administration by the oral route. Before taking you should consult with your doctor and get tested to determine the type of bacteria.

Pills

Cefixime tablets swallowed and washed down with water (about 0.5 cups), the dose indicated in the appended Processing instructions:

• For children weighing less than 50 kg administered 8 mg per 1 kg body weight, one time per day or 4 mg per 1 kg of body weight, 2 times a day every 12 hours.
• For schoolchildren and adults weighing over 50 kg, the dose is 400 mg per day, divided into 1-2 doses.

Rate is an average of 5-7 days, the treatment is carried out until the complete disappearance of disease manifestations. In complex cases require a course extension for 2-7 days.

Without the ability to swallow, the tablet is crushed, dissolved in half a glass of water and the use of 1 or 2 times per day according to the doctor's recommendations.

Duration of treatment depends on the type and location of the infection:

• upper and lower respiratory tract - 7-14 days;
• streptococcal infections - not less than 10 days;
  
• uncomplicated gonorrhea - 400 mg per 1 reception;
• lower urinary tract - 3-7 days;
• upper urinary tract - 14 days;

Therapy is conducted under the supervision of a physician and canceled only with his consent.

Powder

The powder was administered to children or adults who are experiencing problems with swallowing food and drugs (in most cases, much sore throat).

The suspension is based powder is prepared as follows:

1. And 30 ml of boiled pure water was added to the vial with the powder.
2. Close the lid and shake thoroughly about 1-2 minutes.
3. Open the lid and pour the pure water to the mark on the bottle.
4. Shake and taken orally before or after a meal.

In the presence of abnormalities of the intestine and the digestive tract is better to use the drug during meals. Cefixime is not recommended to drink on an empty stomach.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

Antibiotics of cephalosporin series are used during pregnancy with caution, depending on the state of the expectant mother. In most cases, Cefixime is assigned to the presence of strict indications, where the drug benefit higher risk for mother and child.

Especially in the treatment of:

• renal diseases (pyelonephritis);
• obstructive or purulent bronchitis;
• bacterial pneumonia;
• intestinal infectious diseases;
• wounds and skin lesions with purulent formations;
• burns of different degrees of attachment to prevent infection;
• Blood bacteria infection;
• diseases, agents which are mites;
• prevention of complications after surgery;
• angina.

The active substance crosses the placenta and does not have a strong negative impact on the child. Congenital malformations and disorders of fetal development in the rare cases when there are severe disease and inadequate treatment with antibiotics, as well as due to hereditary reasons.

Before taking cefixime during pregnancy, it is desirable to test for sensitivity to identify the pathogen, the bacterium. Antibiotic therapy is not recommended in 1 trimester, during which the fetus develops organs, limbs, primary sex characteristics and the brain.

When planning a pregnancy reception cefixime and other drugs for systemic effects (hormones) should be avoided as far as possible, that will increase the likelihood of successful conception.

Breastfeeding is not an absolute contraindication for receiving, but the active substance is able to penetrate into the lower concentrations in breast milk, which leads to increased sensitivity of the child's body and may develop allergic reactions.

The mother during treatment with antibiotics, in rare cases, there is violation of the intestine, the occurrence of stomatitis, rash, and candidiasis.

For children

Cefixime, instructions for use which suggests the possibility of using the drug for children is prescribed in pediatrics, depending on the child's weight. Children under 6 months of antibiotics prescribed only in extreme cases when complications of therapy during labor and after.

Dosing suspension for infants and children from 25 to 50 kg dose of 8 mg calculated for 1 kg 1 time a day or 4 mg per 1 kg of body weight every 12 hours, 2 times a day. With careful use of the drug during the treatment of newborns. Treatment of renal function at this age are underdeveloped, resulting in an increase in the period of excretion of the drug.

After receiving antibiotics prescribed drugs improving intestinal microflora, for stabilization of the digestive system of a child. Because of the imperfections of the bowel in children increases the risk of dysbiosis and violations of the chair: may cause diarrhea or constipation.

Included with the supplied measuring spoon bottle to determine the dose. During treatment of infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract antibiotic is recommended that the rich mode drinking water contributes to more rapid removal of toxins from the body.

Interaction with other drugs

Cefixime has diverse effects on the body by the use of other medications:

• reduces blood clotting parameters;
• enhances the effect of anticoagulants (Fenilin, pelentan), aimed at disrupting production of prothrombin in the liver, which is involved in blood clotting;
• slower output from the kidneys, while tubular secretion Used blockers - substances that regulate the transportation of kidneys into the urine contained in the blood, and renal tubules substances (in which case it is likely overdose);
• It increases the blood concentration of the anticonvulsant and antiepileptic agents co-administered with carbamazepine.

Self-treatment with antibiotics increases the risk of adverse health effects.

Features of the application

For safe use should be familiar with the following features of the product:

• Cefixime has no effect on driving traffic and is not able to reduce the activity of the nervous system when used correctly.
• In the presence of an allergy to penicillin group antibiotics should be avoided due to occurrence of reception cefixime similar allergic reactions. To avoid it is recommended consultation with a doctor and a thorough study of the patient's disease.
• With prolonged use, and other cephalosporins cefixime may cause candidiasis (thrush) in the oral cavity.
  
• With the development of allergy drug treatment immediately cease.
• Appearance of acute reactions require administration of epinephrine (the adrenal medulla hormone - top of the kidneys), and antihistamines, and conducting oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation.
• Precautions prescribed drug for renal and hepatic insufficiency (liver and kidney).
• If you exceed the average course of treatment, the patient may develop intestinal dysbiosis, which It promotes the growth of Clostridium difficile and the subsequent appearance of acute diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.
• During and after the use of cefixime in some cases there is a decrease in the levels of B vitamins in the body.
• When carrying out the direct reaction (sample) Coombs, which is a method for determining hemolytic anemia (destruction of erythrocytes) Cefixime contributes to false positive results.
• Also, there is a false positive test for glucose in urine.

General recommendations for use:

• The liquid form of the drug should be prepared in strict accordance with the instruction, change or error in making lead to a weakening of the result or occurrence of side effects.
• Before use, the vial of suspension must be shaken for 10-15 seconds.
• Should follow a prescribed regime of drug use: do not miss the techniques and receive at the same time at regular intervals. In the case of skip one dose should not be taken in a few hours until the next.
• It is impossible to independently reduce the duration of treatment, it increases the risk of development of resistance of pathogenic bacteria to the drug.
• It is not recommended to consume antacids (hydrochloric acid neutralizers for the treatment of gastric acid-related pathologies) for 1-2 hours before and after use of cefixime.
• Cefixime is desirable to drink large amounts of water, even after receiving the suspension. Infants is recommended to give milk as often as possible.

After antibiotic therapy to drink alcohol is prohibited in the following 2-3 days.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Cefixime, instructions for use which means storage in a dark and inaccessible place for preschoolers, has a shelf life of 2 years. The prepared suspension must be used within 10 days after it is necessary to dispose.

The tool can be kept in the refrigerator. The freezing of the drug and the suspension is not allowed. The bottle must be close to the end cap after each use. The maximum storage temperature - 25 degrees.

analogues of cefixime

The drug has multiple analogues with the same active substance (cefixime):

• Iksim Lupine. Price about 460 rubles. Available as a suspension and has a bactericidal effect. Term prepared solution is higher than that of cefixime - 14 days.
• Pantsef. The price depends on the release forms: tablets of 400 g are about 570 rubles, while the suspension of 60 ml and 100 - 365 and 520. Rub. respectively.
• Supraks. Is available in 3 forms: capsule 400 mg (720 rubles.), 400 mg tablets (860 rubles.) And the suspension was 60 ml (600 rubles.).

Cefixime analogs are also preparations based on other active substances cephalosporin group:

• 3 generations: Cefotaxime (30 to 90 rubles.), Ceftriaxone (both exhibit reduced activity against staphylococcal infections Streptococcus spp.), Ceftibuten (Tsedeks capsules - 1100 rub).
• 4 generations: Cefepime - shows a stronger effect against P.aeruginosa (price from 72 to 120 rubles.).

All of these substances, except cefixime and ceftibuten have a release form in vials for intravenous injection, which gives quick results in the treatment of bacterial infections of a serious nature.

4th generation cephalosporins are very similar to the action of the preparations 3 generation. Cefixime of cefepime difference is the increased ability to penetrate the cell membrane of the bacterial cell, thereby providing a more effective action on pathogenic microorganisms.

Antibacterial drug Cefixime is directed against many bacteria. Instructions for use requires a thorough study before taking, in order to avoid the occurrence of side effects.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of cefixime

Supraks - analogue cefixime, instructions for use: