Constipation in adults. Causes and treatment of folk remedies, medicines, food. How to get rid of bloating, flatulence

Constipation in adults - a very common phenomenon that is facing up to 70% of the population. Causes of obstructed defecation does not always lie in the presence of serious violations. However, if constipation becomes chronic, it is crucial to see a doctor and to appoint treatment, otherwise there is the risk of developing complications of the set, the main of which - the total of all intoxication body.

What is constipation in adults

Constipation (constipation) - a violation of the bowel emptying process, characterized by the absence of the chair for 3 days or more. In medicine, there are several classifications of constipation.

According to the basic classification, constipation is divided into:

• organic;
• functional.

Functional, in turn, subdivided into:

• situational;
• chronic.

Organic constipation - difficulty emptying associated with anatomical or morphological changes in the intestine. Functional constipation provoked by many causes, related to various external and internal factors.

Depending on the reasons that triggered the violation of defecation functional constipation can be:

1. Situation - hindered process defecation formed due to the influence of provoking factors. Such constipation is episodic, short duration and lasts not require treatment. Eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of constipation you can use laxatives.
2. Chronic - violation regular defecation process, which is characterized by a small amount of excreted feces having a dense texture. emptying act in such case is accompanied by pain and discomfort in the abdominal region. Chronic constipation is a form of disease and require treatment.

There is also a classification, formed on the basis of the etiology of symptoms of constipation, according to which constipation is:

• alimentary - occurs when the power failure;
• neurogenic - between failures neuro-reflex activity;
• psychogenic - with changes in the psycho-emotional state;
• rectoanal - in the presence of abnormalities of the diaphragm muscles of the pelvic floor;
• toxic - in case of poisoning by chemicals.

Stage and degree of constipation in adults

Constipation in Adults (causes and treatment are inextricably linked and affect the rate of elimination of pathology) have three stages:

1. compensated - committing defecate 1 time in 48-72 hours, emptying occurs independently, but there is a feeling of "full bowel" and flatulence. Constipation has no negative effect on the body and is considered acceptable within normal limits.
2. subcompensated - emptying process delay duration from 3 to 5 days complete defecation is performed only after receiving laxative or enema. The process is accompanied by abdominal pain and prolonged false impulses.
3. decompensated - delayed stool within 10 days, with no urge to void. Severe swelling is accompanied by pain. At this stage, possible intoxication with disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and the development of dysbiosis.

Symptoms of constipation in adults

During constipation, the absence of the act of defecation within 3-7 days, accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms:

• increased flatulence;
• feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• decreased appetite;
• pain during attempts to make empty;
• presence of dense dry stool, resembling beads, beans or cords;
• by pain in the bowel region;
• the presence of an unpleasant smell from the mouth.

Prolonged constipation is noted unstable emotional state, irritability, decreased performance, and fatigue.

Causes of constipation in adults

Constipation develops as a result of a set of states, provoked by the influence of various factors.

organic constipation	The reason becomes full or partial bowel obstruction due to: presence of tumors; development of adhesive processes after operation; presence of helminthic infestations; diverticula of the colon.
Case locks	antibiotics; eating large quantities of baked goods; violation of the water balance of the body; psycho-emotional state is unstable; stress; during pregnancy.
chronic constipation	frequent urge to empty the deterrence that inhibits the intestinal reflexes; neurological disorders; a sedentary and inactive lifestyle; unbalanced diet; frequent intake of laxatives; dysbiosis.

Diagnosing constipation in adults

Constipation in adults (causes and treatment affect the tactics to eliminate pathology) diagnosed by laboratory and instrumental methods.

Since constipation is often not an independent disease, but only a consequence of the existing pathological processes necessary to make a differential diagnosis to determine the cause of violations defecation. Initial inspection step consists of a visual inspection of the patient, palpation of the abdomen and collecting history.

Laboratory methods consist of the following studies:

• general analysis of blood and urine;
• fecal bacteria overgrowth;
• fecal occult blood;
• coprogram.

The general analysis of blood and urine - allows us to give an overall assessment of the state of the organism and determine the presence or absence of inflammation. Feces on dysbacteriosis examined to determine the ratio between the colonies of bacteria that colonize the intestine, that is. E. assess the condition of the body microflora.

There are 2 methods of delivery of the analysis on a dysbacteriosis:

• bacteriological;
• biochemical.

Bacteriological analysis of dysbacteriosis is a crop in a nutrient medium in which the bacteria proliferate within 4-5 days and then evaluated as a laboratory quantity. This analysis allows to determine the ratio of the normal pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Cost analysis varies from 200 to 1500 rubles.

Biochemical analysis of faeces is considered to be a more sensitive method of diagnosis for comparison with bacteriological. It allows you to have 2-3 hours to assess the results and to determine in what intestine fails. Price study is from 850 to 2000 rubles.

Fecal occult blood reveals implicit internal bleeding that may be present in any of the intestine.

research method presupposes careful preparation, the essence of which is:

• receiving a rejection of medication;
• dieting;
• rejection of roughage and dentifrice for 12 hours prior to delivery of the analysis.

Price - from 200 rubles.

Coprogram - laboratory examination of stool, which allows to determine the chemical composition and physical properties of feces, as well as to conduct microscopic analysis for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Collection of biological material is carried out in the morning after all the hygienic procedures. Before any analysis required 3-day preparation consisting of dieting and rejection of medication. The cost of a diagnostic test - from 350 rubles.

Instrumental research methods consist of:

• abdominal radiography;
• Ultrasound of the abdomen;
• sigmoidoscopy;
• colonoscopy;
• irrigoscopy

X-ray	It shows the presence of bursting pains that accompany the condition of constipation. It allows to define, with associated pain - the excessive accumulation of feces or flatulence. The cost of X-rays - from 700 rubles.
sigmoidoscopy	Carried out to assess the condition of the mucosa of the rectum by using rektoroskopa which is introduced into the anal canal. The price of the procedure - from 600 rubles.
colonoscopy	The method of colon research using a special device - fibrocolonoscopy inserted through the anus. Cost - 2500 rubles.
irrigoscopy	X-rays with the introduction through the anus of contrast agent - barium mixture. The method makes it possible to examine the colon and extremities. Price - 1500 rubles.

When to see a doctor

Expert help with constipation is needed in cases where the delay of a chair acquired a systematic character and lasts a long time. If you have to regularly take laxatives and to make great efforts to implement the Act defecation, you need to make an appointment with a physician, who will determine the rough tactics of further diagnosis and treatment.

Addressing the causes of constipation requires an integrated approach, so you may need to consult several specialists at the same time, namely:

• gastroenterology;
• surgeon;
• nutritionist;
• proctologist.

In case of constipation provoked an acute intestinal obstruction, medical attention is needed in as soon as possible, t. To. There is a high risk of developing serious complications until death outcome.

About obstruction may indicate a delayed stool, accompanied by:

• vomiting;
• severe pain in the abdomen;
• flatulence;
• nausea;
• vomiting.

If medical assistance is not provided within 3 days after the onset of symptoms, there is a possibility of a state of shock, fever and peritonitis.

Prevention of constipation in adults

Constipation in Adults (cause and treatment is determined speed of onset of a favorable outcome) It can be prevented by adjustment of lifestyle and nutrition, namely:

• required quantity of liquid consumed (based on 30 ml of water per 1 kg of weight);
• follow the diet: eating foods high in fiber and minimize the consumption of high-calorie fatty, sugary foods;
• exercise daily physical activity: exercise, walking, running;
• observe defecation mode and does not restrain the urge to empty;
• monitor the emotional state;
• avoid stressful situations;
• not to abuse laxatives.

Methods of treatment of constipation in adults

The method chosen will depend treat constipation by reason provoked its appearance. Remedy consists of medical treatment, diet therapy and the use of physiotherapy.

Medications

All drugs used to treat constipation, divided into:

• means osmotic action;
• probiotics laxative type;
• irritating medications;
• drugs with fiber in the composition.

When the weakened intestinal peristalsis appoint irritants, muscle spasm in the body - antispasmodics. To restore the microflora used probiotics and prebiotics.

Formulations osmotic action forcibly retain water in the intestine, thereby softening the stool and facilitating their excretion.

These tools include:

1. Duphalac - a laxative on the basis of lactulose, increases the acidity in the colon and improves peristalsis. It has the ability to liquefy the stool. The dosage regimen is determined individually. Price - about 300 rubles.
2. Portolak - it has a strong laxative effect, without affecting the muscles and mucous membrane of the colon. The dosage is determined individually based on the age of the patient and indications for use. Price - from 230 rubles.

Probiotics are used to eliminate constipation, are used to restore the intestinal microflora.

The most effective strain of probiotics are considered bifidobacteria contained in products food (dairy products to natural ferments), and as part of medicinal drugs.

The most popular are:

1. bifiform - a capsule preparation, normalizing the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microflora comprises bifidobacteria and enterococci. Means taking 2-3 capsules a day for 10-21 days. Price - from 300 rubles.
2. Atsipol - a multifactorial therapeutic drug that regulates the balance of intestinal microflora. It improves the immune ability of the body. Adults appoint 1 capsule 3-4 times a day for 10-15 days. Price - 330 rubles.
3. Linex - contains a part of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and enterococci, inhibits the growth of pathogenic flora and activates the digestive enzymes. The drug is prescribed to 2 capsules 3 times a day after meals, with plenty of water. The duration of treatment depends on the individual flow dysbacteriosis. The cost - about 330 rubles.

Means of irritant action are not intended to treat, and to provide a laxative effect and their long use can lead to development of habituation - atrophy of the mucosa occurs and decreases the level of sensitivity. To avoid these consequences apply such drugs is necessary in cases of urgent need.

For an effective laxative include:

1. Gutalaks - means in the form of tablets, has a stimulating effect on the mucous membrane of the colon and soften the stool. To achieve the desired effect drug taking Table 1-2. per day. Price - from 200 rubles.
2. microlax - a preparation in the form of micro-enemas for convenient administration. It provides quick laxative effect already after 5-15 minutes. Procedure: 1 to introduce contents enemas, inserting the tip into the anus. The cost of packaging (6 pcs.) - from 347 rubles.
3. bisacodyl - a drug that speeds up bowel movements by increasing the secretion of mucus. It has a laxative effect after 6-8 h after administration. Dosage regimen: Take 1 tablet. in the evening before bedtime. In the absence of the desired effect a single dose of 2-3 tab. Price - 30 rubles.

Drugs with fiber helps satisfy the daily need of the organism in the non digestible fibers that are required to improve intestinal motility.

Fiber is part of the following means:

1. Mukofalk - granules for suspensions containing psyllium seeds that increase intestinal motility and improve its operations. Means taking as a tincture 1-3 times a day for half an hour before meals. Duration of reception determined individually. Price - from 450 to 1200 rubles.
2. laminarid - medication with herbal components in the composition. Active ingredient - kelp, having the ability to stimulate peristalsis and intestinal mucosa irritation receptors. Take the form of tablets of 2.5-5 g of 1 times a day, or in the form of granules - 5.10 g of 3 times per day. Cost - from 45 rubles.

Traditional methods

Constipation in Adults (causes and treatment related because methods of dealing with the problem of choosing starting from presence of provoking factors) can eliminate the use of medication, using folk recipes medicine. However, this embodiment is suitable for functional constipation that are associated with eating disorders or reduced physical activity.

Folk remedies to combat difficult process of defecation:

1. Acceptance of vegetable oil. Each morning fasting need to drink 20 ml each of vegetable oil - olive, sunflower, linseed or castor. Duration of treatment depends on the speed of onset of improvement from the intestine.
2. A mixture of dried fruit. Take 5 pcs. dried apricots, prunes, raisins, and a handful of walnuts. Grind all components with a blender or grinder, pour 20 ml of honey. Take 1 tbsp. l. daily in the morning.
3. Decoction of flax seed. 200 ml of water brought to a boil in a small pan, add 1 tbsp. l. flax seeds and boiled for 10 min. To normalize the chair to eat 1 cup of broth per day.
4. Decoction of fennel or dill. 1 tbsp. l. dried plants pour 1 cup boiling water and infuse for 30-40 min. Take 200 ml a day before meals.
5. Bran. Buy at a pharmacy or make their own wheat bran. The dry mixture in amounts of 1 tbsp. l. It can be filled with any liquid and take throughout the day. Bran - a fiber, which improves bowel and activates peristalsis.

Other methods

In addition to drug treatment, while eliminating constipation diet therapy is important. It consists of a special diet that includes a variety of vegetables, fruits and complex carbohydrates, and large amounts of fluid.

The main components of the diet for people suffering from constipation should be:

• foods rich in fiber - whole grains, legumes, raw vegetables, wholemeal bread;
• products containing organic acids - pickled vegetables, fruit drinks, sour-sweet juice;
• soups vegetable broth;
• dish of lean meats and fish;
• fresh fruits and dried fruits;
• sources of healthy fats - vegetable oil, nuts, avocados;
• Milk and milk products.

Avoid fried, fatty, sweet and starchy foods. Food should be consumed fractional, 5-6 times a day in small portions. For the thermal treatment of products better emboss method of cooking or steaming.

Combat manifestations of constipation can also use the physiotherapy.

For physiotherapy treatments for constipation include:

• cardioversion;
• electrophoresis with drugs;
• inductothermy.

possible complications

Constipation in adults, regardless of the reasons that provoked their appearance, without timely treatment can lead to serious consequences for the body:

• the development of hemorrhoids;
• the formation of inflammatory processes in the lower parts of the digestive system;
• intoxication, it affects many organs and systems;
• micronutrient deficiencies, deterioration of health and weight loss;
• the formation of fecal stones, significantly complicating the process of defecation;
• a high probability of developing cancer processes in the intestine.

Constipation in adults have varied etiology. Causes of obstructed defecation lie in eating disorders, and in the presence of more serious pathologies - intestinal obstruction or tumor development.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of constipation will help avoid any unpleasant consequences and prevent intoxication processes, adversely affecting the whole body.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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