Microstroke. Symptoms first signs in women, men. How to determine, first aid, treatment and rehabilitation at home. Effects

The image of a person's life in many ways affects his health, and if there were symptoms considered by doctors as the first signs of minor stroke, then you should seriously consider. After a minor stroke may be followed by a stroke and unpredictable negative consequences for the organism.

What is a minor stroke

Microstroke (in medicine "transient ischemic attack") - a brain lesion (necrosis of the brain tissue) due thrombus or abrupt constriction (ischemic) small vessel, due to a lack of oxygen in the blood in the head brain.

The first signs of the phenomena are caused by oxygen starvation of one of the parts of the brain lasting less than one day (cerebrovascular accident). Such a picture is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA).

development mechanism

If for some reasons TIA brain ceases portion fed a sufficient amount of oxygen. The cells begin to "starve" can not work effectively, but as cerebral blood flow is restored in a short time, the immobilization should not occur. If necrosis is still to take place, it is already diagnosed as stroke.

Causes

Mini stroke, symptoms, early signs that help detect a dangerous condition in time, develop a number of reasons:

The state of the human body	reason microstroke
thrombosis picture, thrombophlebitis, in complex cases, complicated by cardiac arrhythmia	In these diseases can lead thrombus that moving through the bloodstream, reaching the brain vessels and temporarily gives neurons supply oxygen. After some time, the clot dissolves.
Cerebral atherosclerosis (cholesterol deposits)	part cholesterol plaque has come off and closed a large gap lumen (75%), adjacent to the brain tissue. After some time, there is a spontaneous elimination of blockage; cholesterol plaque on "sticking" the clot and significantly reduced the lumen of the vessel for some time; decrease in vessel diameter due to the thickening of its walls and respective cholesterol deposits thereon.
Operations on large bones deep burns, bruises deep layers of soft tissue	Entering the bloodstream mikrokusochkov adipose tissue, which in time clog the lumen of one of the vessels of the brain
Smoking or use of substances causing spasms	Provoked by the contraction of the vessel, usually in the affected site of pathology. Brain for some time longer to get enough nutrition. All recovered after the spasm passed.
Anemia	Low hemoglobin level in the blood does not allow to saturate the brain of sufficient oxygen. A critical situation arises in active physical work or stressful situations.
Subclavian steal syndrome	The narrowing of the subclavian artery in a region to supply the brain stem of the vertebral artery, redirects blood flow to the hands gesturing active person. As a result, the brain receives less oxygen.
Picture of thick blood in chronic bronchitis, dehydration or heart disease	Blood flow slows down in the small blood vessels and brings the food in a timely manner to specific areas of the brain.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning	The lock body is hemoglobin molecules of carbon monoxide reaction that interferes with the delivery of oxygen to the organs.

Risk factors

Mini stroke, the symptoms, the first signs of which most often occur in people who already have problems with blood vessels, is a consequence of different diseases and factors.

They are as follows:

• hypertension;
• diabetes, provoking changes in the structure of vessel walls;
• congenital vascular anomalies;
• atherosclerosis;
  
• heart disease with an increased risk of blood clots (heart disease, myocardial infarction, endocarditis);
• vasculitis - inflammation of the vessels in the brain of an infectious or autoimmune;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• varicose veins, favorable for the formation of blood clots;
• heart surgery - the risk of thrombus formation and its further progress towards the arteries of the head portion;
• osteohodroza formations or tumors in the neck, within the skull to facilitate compression of the arteries;
• the use of birth control pills, increases the possibility of blood clots;
• stress, alcohol abuse or smoking, contributing to the spasmodic phenomena;
• aneurysms of cerebral arteries;
• obesity, in which body fat promotes the production of estrogens, a large amount of them leads to the risk of blood clots;
• systematic strenuous exercise that influence on the tone of the cardiovascular system;
• problems with increased blood clotting, in which there is a tendency to the appearance of blood clots;
• Fabry disease, in which the lumen is reduced in the arteries;
• Climate change and hard passing acclimatization.

The risk of minor stroke occurs after 30 years and older is increasing, especially if a person has to do several chronic diseases associated with blood vessels or blood problems.

The first signs of the women, men

Mini stroke, the symptoms, the first signs of its most pronounced in women, and the body recovery is slower than that of men. Most often exposed microstroke women after 57 years, men - after 45 years.

The initial symptoms in males and females is similar:

• increasing headache;
  
• dizziness;
• strong feeling of weakness and fatigue;
• nausea;
• decrease in vision.

These symptoms should alert, especially if they are without apparent cause - poisoning, concussion, solar or heat stroke.

Worsening condition, an additional "call" it's time to contact emergency medical services, consists of the following symptoms:

• reduced concentration, confusion, stupor;
• poor orientation in space;
• incoordination;
• involuntary facial expressions;
• inadequate perception of reality;
• or outbreaks of flies before his eyes;
• numbness of the limbs or facial muscles;
  
• running around the skin "goose bumps."

Not all people are susceptible to the appearance of these symptoms, portents microstroke can proceed in a smooth manner.

late symptoms

While the first symptoms can manifest in many ways, the further development of the disease and the symptoms of the complexes will depend on exactly which vessel stuck clot. If a problem occurs in the arteries that feed the brain stem and the share of its cortex in the occipital region, a person will experience several symptoms from this list.

They are as follows:

• blurred vision in both eyes - double vision, blurred, partial visual image playback environment;
• increasing headache in the occipital region;
• dizziness;
• involuntary horizontal movement of eyeballs;
• coordination of movements - the impossibility of closed eyes touch your nose with your finger;
• pale skin;
• noise in ears;
• nausea;
• causeless excessive sweating;
• the inability to make swallowing movements (shown not always).

Symptoms should disappear in a few hours, and the person can not remember what happened to him.

If partially closed lumen of the carotid artery, it will be observed:

• the appearance of weakness, lethargy;
• loss of vision in one eye;
• Reduced sensitivity in the limbs, which are opposite to the side to disable the eye;
• weakening the tone of the muscles of the chin;
• deterioration diction;
• stiff fingers - a problem to fasten a button, take a small object;
• violation of the chain of narration - is difficult to formulate and verbalize ideas, confusion of words in sound (see off-continue);
• complete temporary amnesia: the man does not see himself in space, subject to panic, does not remember the answers to the questions posed to them, such a state they subsequently do not recall;
• disruption of the locomotor system - an unexpected temporary paralysis of one side of the body, a feeling of partial disobedience arms or legs (cotton limbs).

If all the symptoms do not disappear within 24 hours, then it will have to go on stroke development with its possible serious consequences.

First aid

Mini stroke, the symptoms, the first signs of his call for immediate action:

1. You need to call an ambulance.
   
2. Insist on the cessation of any physical activity (work, meal preparation) - this will help to save strength for recovery.
3. Waiting for physicians put the patient on the bed in order to prevent it from falling for dizziness.
4. Check that the person was lying on a hard surface with raised by a pillow or improvised head material, thereby preventing the accumulation of fluid in the cranium and, consequently, edema brain.
5. the patient's head should be turned on its side to the respiratory tract were not possible vomit.
6. The neck and chest to get rid of oppressive clothing, unfasten the belt.
7. Follow the breath and heartbeat. In the case of cardiac arrest must immediately begin action on resuscitation - to put pressure on the sternum two crossed palms (100 approaches min.). The first few minutes of CPR do not necessarily.
8. It is desirable to measure the pressure of the patient. If indicators 160/100 mm Hg. Art., it is recommended to put captopril or propranolol under the tongue.

Treatment

Initiation of treatment falls on the arrival of an ambulance, continued inpatient neurological department of the hospital.

It includes:

• The use of an oxygen mask for oxygen saturation. Depending on the complexity of symptoms, possible transfer to the breathing apparatus.
• Purpose of medicaments for the vascular dilatation lumen (dibasol).
  
• Therapy aimed at the normalization of blood pressure (nimodipine).
• The use of drugs for the stabilization of the heart (dikogsin).
• The use of drugs to effectively neuronal uptake of nutrients and oxygen (Cerebrolysin).
• Liquefaction blood by assigning heparin preparations.
• Prevention of cerebral edema or elimination using diuretics (furosemide).

Recommended angiography. If the study will identify the restriction lumen more than 50%, it is possible to expand channel operation. This may be the installation tube (stent) inside the holding endarterectomy or performing angioplasty.

medicine

What kind of drugs are needed to a patient with circulatory problems in the brain, neurologist decides on the basis of the patient's general condition and the results of MRI studies.

Typically, the prescribers of the following groups:

1. vasodilators (Cavintonum, dibasol, Trental) are assigned to receive during 2.5-3 months and aimed at restoring blood flow.
2. nootropics (Piracetam, fezam). Drugs aimed at the recovery of memory and intelligence. Early treatment is possible in / in the introduction, then - go on the pill. The course of treatment - at least 2 months.
   
3. The preparations for the cardiovascular system (Asparkam, digoxin, verapamil). Most often it recommended asparkam, since it contains a large amount necessary for the heart and brain magnesium and potassium. Appointed for a period of 2 months.
4. drugs of heparin. Appointed by the blood-thinning and facilitate and enhance blood flow. Course of treatment prescribed by a doctor.
5. diuretics (Furosemide, Urbazon, Mannitol). Recommended for excretion of excess fluid and preventing brain edemas. The prescribing physician, according to the state of the patient, for a period of 3 to 7 days.
6. vitamins (Kvadevit or Dekamevit). Designed for lifting immunity and maintain the functions of the brain. use scheme 1 month of reception, 2 weeks - rest, 1 month of reception.
7. antispasmodics (No-spa, Buscopan). Assigned when the risk of cramping, pain syndromes, or seizures.

You must remember not to self-medicate or self-improve, lowering the dose of prescription drugs, as well as to complete the treatment on your own.

recovery

Patients who have had a TIA, require the full range of rehabilitation, reduces the period of recovery of the body and return to a full life.

rehabilitation period includes several directions:

• continuation of medical exposure;
• work on the psychological rehabilitation;
• activities aimed at the restoration of disturbed functions of speech, motor coordination, motor abilities affected mini-strokes or stroke half body massage; acupuncture; laser therapy; physiotherapy.
  
• intelligence level recovery, attention and memory;
• help in social adaptation.

In addition, the restoration of health can practice using folk remedies:

• Homeopaths recommend taking small portions of the infusion of celandine, which helps normalize the blood circulation. 1 tbsp. l. 250 g of grass is filled with boiling water and infused for 2 hr. should drink 15-20 drops 3 r / day.
• To stimulate speech activity herbalists suggest using sage tea. 3 tbsp. l. grass, placed in a thermos insist in ½ liter of boiling water 5-6 hours. The mixture is taken half a cup 3 r / day.
• To restore the nervous system, including the conduction of the nerve roots of the spinal cord, homeopaths advise to use the infusion of garden peony. 3 g of dried flower petals poured 1 cup boiling water. 1,5-2 hours is ready for use: 1 tablespoon. l. 4 p / day.
• As support the immune forces, traditional medicine recommends tincture of spruce cones. The crushed cones (4-6 pcs.) Are placed in a 3-liter cylinder and filled with water. Sealed containers to stand in a dark place for about 2 weeks. Accepted to be 20-25 drops per day.

LFK

Recovery from stroke or microstroke requires physical activity, however LFK complex (curative gymnastics) is assigned to the period of treatment and rehabilitation.

Precede the beginning of the course is to prepare the patient:

1. In partial paralysis of one side of the first 10 days it affects muscles only by changing the position of the body every 2-2.5 h. This will allow to avoid the stagnation of blood and the formation of bedsores.
2. In 7-8 days, you can resort to a passive load on the muscles (help in flexion, extension in the joints).
3. you can not leave the bed to move on to more complex loads (try to squeeze yourself anything in the fingers, lift the arm, move your body) in case of partial recovery of motor functions.
4. While improving the state should enter to start an independent rise from the bed, and then slow brief walks.
5. The last stage of preparation for physical therapy - massage:

• first light massage heats the skin, which promotes enhanced blood circulation;
• the massage movements of the arms produced by the hands to the shoulders, a foot massage is done from the feet up to the thighs;
• region of the back is recommended not only massage, but also pinch;
• when breast massage movements should be spiral in nature - from the center to the edge.

Now the body is warmed up and the patient is ready for the exercises:

• independent limb flexion and extension of the joints (the knee and elbow) in the supine position;
• using homemade Hoist perform leg lifts up the developing hip joints and improving blood flow in the limbs. The same is done with the hands for the development of the shoulder joint;
• fixed or poorly functioning leg or arm is suspended for some time on a soft tape so that the patient could self rotate, shake the limb from side to side;
• therapeutic exercises should be done daily for 40 minutes. 2 times a day, while improving the load is increased to 3 times a day.

If microstroke passed by the musculoskeletal system, treatment no apparent violations Training is not canceled, as it contributes to the normalization of blood flow and reduces the risk of stagnation phenomena. A set of exercises in this case selects the attending physician.

Effects

Symptoms and signs of the first microstroke often do not pass unnoticed. If a failure has occurred in the body, then the brain cells stably began to experience a shortage of oxygen.

This is:

• accelerated brain aging;
• memory impairment;
• the appearance of the first symptoms of dementia;
• to change the character for the worse (grouchiness, giddiness, depression).

A number of scholars sees the first manifestations microstroke small positive thing. It is believed that it is a rehearsal for the brain in which increased number of smaller vessels, by this possible ischemic stroke more easily tolerated.

Forecast

According to medical statistics, after microstroke developing ischemic stroke:

• in the first few days after the disappearance of microstroke stroke overtakes each 10th patient;
• in the period up to 3 months stroke appears in 10% of patients;
• during the year a stroke can occur in each of the 5th TIA;
• for 5 years after microstroke about 10% of patients exposed to more serious tests.

At a certain category of people who have had a TIA, another round of the disease is manifested as a "silent stroke". When there is no perceptible symptoms, but the presence of blood circulation in brain vessels seriously harm the cells.

In the absence of treatment and prevention, state after minor stroke can be a transition point in front of a classic stroke with his:

• paralysis of one side of the body;
• uncontrolled urination;
• involuntary defecation;
• severe headaches;
• loss of consciousness;
  
• a decrease of intelligence.

prevention

Reduce the risk of microstroke possible if you start to engage in prevention, adhering to the following rules:

• significantly limit the alcohol intake;
• stop smoking;
• establish a proper diet (to exclude from the diet of fatty, fried, sweet);
• control the level of sugar in the blood;
• timely respond to periodic headaches and dizziness;
• to live an active lifestyle;
• Every year, at least, to do an electrocardiogram;
  
• when causeless increase blood pressure more than once consulted a neurologist and therapist.

Symptoms that indicate early signs of minor stroke should not pass unnoticed. Even if the body cope with the ailment for 2-3 hours - it does not mean that the disease has receded, it means that nature gives one more chance to change something in my life and to protect their own health.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of mini-strokes

What is a minor stroke, how to distinguish it from a stroke: