Inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms and Treatment in Adults. Folk remedies, medications, diet

Inflammatory bowel disease - a frequent disease that appears as a result of non-compliance with the rules of proper nutrition people. Particularly affected are people who have a predisposition to disorders of digestion.

By the term "inflammation" is meant defeat doctors epithelial membrane formed through epithelial cells and mucus producing, performing security functions. Symptoms of the disease in adults may differ depending on which of the intestine struck. Treatment also selected individually after full examination and determine the causes.

What is inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease - a general definition, which is used for all the pathological processes that affect the various body parts of the mucous membrane. Any form of the disease significantly affects the absorption of nutrients, which ultimately adversely affects the whole body as a whole.

Pathologies can occur in an acute or chronic form. Symptoms depend on the type of disease, and treatment is also selected after a full examination.

Types of inflammatory bowel disease

inflammatory bowel disease, depending on the duration of flow, reasons of appearance and localization is divided into several types.

At the place of localization of inflammation are divided into the following types:

• rectum;
• colon;
• duodenum;
• cecum;
• sigmoid colon.

For the duration of the disease are distinguished:

• acute form, the duration for up to 30 days;
• chronic, lasts up to 6 months.

Due to the occurrence of disease it is:

• infectious caused by pathogenic bacteria;
• noninfectious provoked by other factors.

There are several types of pathologies, which relate to the definition of "inflammatory bowel disease":

duodenitis	It is an inflammation that struck the duodenum
enteritis	the defeat of a small bay of the small intestine or the local his defeat
ileitis	inflammation localized in the ileum
colitis	illness that struck the entire intestine
typhlitis	malaise, localized in the cecum
proctitis	It affects the mucous membrane of the rectum
ulcerative colitis	inflammation of the colon
cRYPTO	affected anal sinus disease localized in the rectum

experts also distinguish Crohn's disease - an autoimmune disease in which the inflammatory process can develop rapidly in any GI.

Stage and grade of inflammatory bowel disease

Statistics show that over the past few years, most often found in patients ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Ulcerative colitis may occur in several forms:

• acuteWhen the disease is characterized by the rapid development of the clinical picture;
• fulminant courseWhen the disease spreads rapidly through the intestine, in this case, the treatment basically consists in surgery;
• chronicIt may develop slowly after the first symptoms can occur long-term remission.

Crohn's disease has several forms:

• ileotiflit develops very quickly;
• eyunoileit syndrome obstruction of the small intestine, takes a long time with periodic pain in the peritoneum;
• eyunoileit with chronic intake problems may develop long after the first symptoms start to improve;
• granulomatous colitis;
• granulomatous proctitis.

All inflammatory processes in the intestine may occur acutely or have a chronic character.

The symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (symptoms and treatment of different types of diseases) requires urgent diagnosis and selection of adequate therapy.

Each type has its own specific disease symptoms:

1. Enteritis. Disease manifested as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and pain localized in the umbilical region. If you do not take any measures that can later join other symptoms: excessive sweating, fever, headache, and weakness throughout the body. In the chronic form of the disease may manifest discomfort in the area of ​​the navel, rumbling in the stomach during a meal, the feeling of bloating. In severe first symptom may be diarrhea, stool frequency per day may be up to 20 times, drastically reduced weight.
2. Colitis. Acute disease is manifested in the form skhvatoobraznyh pain in the peritoneum, frequent stools and high temperature. The chronic form appears dull pain in the abdomen, diarrhea or constipation. Patients are often concerned about swelling, nausea, loss of appetite.
3. ulcerativecolitis. The main symptom of this disease - bleeding. Blood in the stool may occur even during remission. You may also experience diarrhea alternating with constipation.
4. Crohn's disease. Disease can occur long time, exacerbation alternating with remission. In exacerbations observed abdominal pain in the form of cramps, fever, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss. Often Crohn's disease are observed microfractures on the anus, skin rash, joint pain.

There are also a few external signs that should cause the patient to seek qualified assistance and a complete examination.

They manifest themselves in the form of:

• pallor;
• dry, scaly skin with a grayish tinge;
• pigmentation on the face and neck;
• intensive hair loss;
• brittle nails;
• language acquires a crimson color, it cracks, papillae atrophy.

If any more of the symptoms observed in humans, it would simply need to contact a physician to determine the cause and to prevent the rapid development of serious pathology.

The causes of inflammatory bowel disease

All causes of inflammatory bowel disease can be divided into two main groups: infectious and non-infectious.

Infectious inflammation of the intestine may be caused by:

• viruses: Enterovirus, adenovirus, and others;
• bacteria: Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other types of halophilic microorganisms;
• mushrooms: Actinomycetes and Candida;
• vermin: Worms, pinworms, and others.

These organisms enter the intestine through milk and low-quality water. Viruses can enter and by airborne droplets. The main feature of intestinal infectious lesions is that they can be transmitted from person to person through household items.

Non-infectious inflammation may develop due to various reasons:

• improper diet: the excessive use of acute and smoked foods, alcohol abuse;
  
• if reduced tone of the intestine;
• inflammatory entities located near the intestines in the abdominal cavity;
• some medications;
• imbalance in the immune system, when the immune system begins to "attack" their own organs and systems;
• disorders intestinal blood flow, and they can provoke atherosclerotic or inflammatory processes in the arteries that feed the body;
• poisoning by heavy metals;
• food allergies;
• irradiation of gamma-rays;
• reaction to the surgery on abdominal region organs.

Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease

The first time all the patient information will be collected by a specialist. If, during the anamnesis find that people relate to risk, he added for an accurate diagnosis appointed diagnostic tests.

For example:

1. capsule endoscopy. The method consists in the fact that with the help of a small camera, which the patient is easy to swallow, take pictures of each individual section of the intestine. After viewing the images can be revealed mucosal damage, formation, inflammation. The survey is from 7000 rubles.
2. endoscopy. Through the anus into the intestines flexible tube is introduced, which is mounted on the end of the optical illumination unit. When the intestines can inspect the aid of such a device inside the development and identify ailments. The cost of the procedure from 500 rubles.
3. colonoscopy. The survey was carried out using a special device - fibrocolonoscopy. This device is a flexible tube with an optical device at the end. Recommended study for evaluating the condition of the intestinal mucosa, fence material for biopsy, the removal of small polyps. The cost of the procedures from 4000 rubles.
4. X-ray. Evaluate the state of small and large intestine can be on X-rays. Before the start of the study the patient drinks a barium mixture. It is thanks to its movement through the intestines can not view all the departments to see whether there is a narrowing of the polyps. procedures cost from 280 rubles.
5. fibroscopy. Perform the procedure using a fiberscope. At the time of diagnosis is further specialist may take a sample to conduct histology. Also, this device will help to stop minor bleeding. The cost of the procedure from 3000 rubles.
6. irrigoscopy. This study is prescribed if there is a suspicion of the presence of tumors. Also it can be used to detect the presence of fistulas, bleeding localization diverticula. Perform the procedure with the use of X-ray machine and a contrast agent. Price from 1500 RUB.
   
7. ultrasound. Diagnosis will help assess the integrity of the intestinal wall, check if there is inflammation, tumors. The cost of the procedure from 500 rubles.
8. CT or MRI. Thanks to a special device can detect complications caused by inflammation of the bowel tumor. The cost of CT and MRI scans of 3,000 rubles.

Laboratory tests of blood and stool will help determine whether there are irregularities in the process of absorption, to determine observed whether the nutrient deficiency, isolated from fecal fat or mucus, which may indicate the development of Gastrointestinal diseases. Laboratory tests can be taken at any clinic free of charge in private clinics each analysis will cost 100 rubles.

When to see a doctor

If a person is constantly feels discomfort in the abdomen, then it is absolutely necessary to consult a specialist - gastroenterologist.

On intestinal problems can indicate other signs:

• pain during a bowel movement;
• constipation;
• diarrhea;
• blood, mucus or undigested pieces of food in the stool;
• discomfort in the area of ​​the navel and below;
• loss of appetite;
• bloating;
• heartburn;
• frequent belching;
• sudden weight loss;
• weakness;
• nausea and vomiting.

After anamnesis the doctor will prescribe a number of studies to accurately diagnose and prescribe, and after a comprehensive treatment.

Prevention of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (symptoms and treatment are different for each type of pathology) can be prevented if you follow some of the recommendations.

For example:

• correctly and on time to eat: do not abuse the smoked, pickled, fried and alcoholic beverages;
• conduct timely prevention of infections;
• regular visits to a gastroenterologist (1 per year).

If there was a first discomfort in the abdomen, then consult with a specialist, but not to diagnose yourself and not self-medicate. Only in this way can be quickly and without consequences to cure illness.

Methods of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

The main objective of the treatment of inflammation, which affected any of the intestine, is the elimination of the causes. Therapy administered immediately after receiving the results of the survey. If symptoms are severe ailments, the treatment can be assigned and to obtain results. The therapeutic scheme necessarily include antibiotics, anti-helminths wide spectrum.

Medications

Drug therapy helps to solve several problems at once: to strengthen the protection of the body, remove all the symptoms, the causes of the infection to kill and remove inflammation.

Solve all these problems will help the complex treatment, which includes:

• antibiotics;
• probiotics;
  
• enzymes;
• antispasmodics;
• immunostimulants;
• salt formulations;
• pain relievers;
• means to facilitate removal of swelling.

Driving and rate of each drug is selected individually depending on the form and severity of the disease. Antibiotics - these are the first drugs that doctor may not even waiting for the results of the survey. Discomfort in the stomach and digestive disorders often appear after properly prescribed therapy when the infection.

Remove the inflammation of the intestines help these antibiotics:

1. amoxicillin. It antibiotics from the group of semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillins, produced in tablet form. Its active component is a substance with the same name. Means has a bactericidal effect, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Illustrates preparation in infectious and inflammatory pathologies. The daily dose is from 250 to 500 mg and, in severe cases, the dose can be increased to 1 g The drug is contraindicated in patients with lymphatic leukemia, mononucleosis, hay fever, asthma, sensitivity to specific components. At higher doses may experience undesirable effects in the form of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, allergies, dizziness. Drug sold without prescription for 50 rubles.
2. chloramphenicol. This antibiotic, time-tested. It is produced in tablet form, also has a powder for solution for injection. The effectiveness of tools based on its bacteriostatic characteristics. The main component of chloramphenicol stops multiplication of pathogenic bacteria. Most often it is recommended to take in case of intestinal infections. Take medication 1 tablet up to 4 times a day for 7-10 days. In this preparation a large number of adverse events and contraindications. Therefore, before starting you need to carefully read the instructions and do not exceed the indicated dosage. Sold in pharmacies without a prescription for 20 rubles.

Helminths, settled in the human gut, greatly damage the mucous body. Inactivity leads to what occurs avitaminosis, disturbed nutrient absorption processes.

In the presence of worms prescribed anthelmintics, such as:

1. levamisole. This drug is produced in liquid form for administration to inject (used in veterinary medicine) or tablets. Its main component is a substance with the same name. It is through such a preparation is considered to be an effective tool in the fight against helminths. It acts rapidly, all within 2-3 hours, all the worms die, and the next day completely eliminated from the body naturally. Taking the drug once, 1 tablet at bedtime. The drug is well tolerated by the patient without causing any undesirable manifestations. Contraindicated to take his people with kidney problems and liver, cerebrovascular disease, leukemia. Price from 60 rubles.
2. pyrantel. Manufactured in tablet form, and a suspension for children. The active component is a substance with the same name. The drug is active against almost all kinds of worms. After receiving a few hours and all the parasites are killed within one day completely excreted. Taking the drug and 1 tablet once before bedtime or 1-1 / 2 scoops suspension. In rare cases, after receiving such symptoms occur: weakness, retching, dizziness, abdominal pain. You can not use the drug for children under 6 months, people with liver disease and autoimmune disorders. Sold in pharmacies without a prescription for 25 rubles.

Inflammatory bowel disease (symptoms and treatment may differ) in some cases may require antidepressants. Autoimmune pathology often require a long course and develop an incorrect functioning of the immune system.

In such cases, the immune system often takes the intestinal cells for foreign and sends a signal to antibodies that mucosal damage and organ. But in this case, it is assigned an antidepressant such as Azathioprine. This drug suppresses the immune system and reduces the production of antibodies.

Also, the drug helps to reduce the dosage of drugs called corticosteroids, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Before taking should read instruction, since the mass of drug contraindications and undesirable manifestations. The course and dosage adjusted individually. Price in pharmacies from 220 rubles.

If the bowel is clogged with toxins and pathogenic organisms, in this case the prescribed intestinal antiseptics. Most often it is drugs that are based on nifuroxazide. This compound has a bactericidal effect, disrupting the integrity of the membranes of staphylococci, streptococci and E. coli.

Taking preparations based on such substances in small quantities can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria. These drugs relates Enterofuril. You can even take it for children from 1 month of birth in the form of a suspension, and is suitable for adults tablet form. Is drug to 4 times a day lasting between 5 and 14 days.

Tolerated the drug well, in rare cases, an allergic reaction occurs. You can not take it in violation of digestion and absorption. Price from 320 rubles. Chelators are used to cleanse the bowel at home. Inflammation in the intestines, leading to the fact that the body accumulates toxins and intermediates.

To withdraw toxins, toxins and fungi are recommended to receive such drugs:

1. Smecta. It is produced in the form of powder for suspension. The main ingredient is dioctahedral smectite. Means having an absorption effect, has selective sorption characteristics. Take a day to 4 bags for 3 days. The drug was well tolerated, there may be an allergic reaction. Do not take if ileus, fructose intolerance, sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency. Price from 120 rubles.

Inflammatory bowel disease (symptoms and treatment vary from patient to patient) requires combination therapy. Some patients may further recommended eubiotiki to antibiotics and digestive enzymes.

Traditional methods

inflammatory bowel disease, symptoms and treatment of individual, can be treated and folk remedies:

1. chamomile broth. It can help you reduce inflammation, relax. Also, broth antibacterial action. Prepare it can be as follows: 30 g of dry raw pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, let stand for fifteen minutes. Take 2 times a day for 1 st. The course is not less than 7 days.
2. Decoction of thyme. It will help clean the intestines of toxins, improves digestion, relieves pain and inflammation. Pour 1 tbsp. l. feedstock boiling water (1 st.), infuse and take 1/2 art. up to 3 times a day for a week.
   
3. prunes. Effective even in chronic constipation. To prepare a medicinal drug required 500g prunes and 3 liters of water, boiling to wait, and the fourth hour. Add 2 tbsp. l. buckthorn and another quarter of an hour later. Set aside to infuse, add 1 tbsp. Holosas drug. Take 1/2 Art. before bedtime.
4. Blackberry. Tea made from the twigs and leaves of blackberry can help stop diarrhea. Brew it like a normal tea, take up to 2 times a day, no more than 3 days.

Other methods

To remove the inflammation quickly it is necessary to use during treatment diet.

In the first couple of her after diagnosis shows starvation, and after gradually in the diet can be entered:

• meatless soups;
• fish and low-fat boiled meat;
• vegetables are boiled or baked form;
• viscous porridge;
• crackers of white bread;
• boiled eggs;
• milk.

Remove from power need such products:

• confectionery and pastry;
• vegetables that provoke swelling, such as tomatoes, cabbage and radish;
• oily fish and meat;
• strong tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages;
• legumes.

Speed ​​recovery will use purified water in an amount of 2 liters per day. You can also add fruit drinks, jellies, extracts of medicinal herbs.

possible complications

If you take no action and did not start in a timely manner to treat the inflammatory process that has hit the intestine, then soon a patient complications can occur.

For example:

• drastic weight loss, in fact interfere with the absorption process;
• bowel obstruction;
• ulcers, which pass through the intestinal wall;
• perforation of the organ;
• malignancies.

In rare cases, severe pathology observed shock that ends in death. Shock occurs most often in long-term blood loss. Inflammatory bowel disease - a serious pathology requiring urgent examination, correct diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

The patients' symptoms do not always indicate a certain type of disease, so treatment is selected only after diagnosis. Timely therapy - is the key to a full recovery and prevent the development of complications.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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