Gall bladder removal effects. Diet, physical activity, diet, alcohol, that is possible, what medicines to take

Gallbladder removal - surgery, it is necessary in the event of dysfunction of the digestive system that threaten human life.

Compliance with dietary, medical advice, medication adjustments minimize backfire cholecystectomy and maximally facilitate the adaptation period.

Function of the gallbladder in humans

Gall bladder (removal of the consequences of which are unique to each patient) - a hollow body, the bag shape, located in the right upper quadrant.

Tasks performed by them in the body:

1. Collection and storage of bile produced by the liver clock.
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2. Thickening secretion by extracting water from it.
3. Activation of digestive enzymes.
4. Participation in food digestion, using the required number of bile ejection (depending on the fat content of incoming products);
5. Protect digestive organs from the toxic acids that are in the gall secret. Due to the temporary holding tank in aggressive chemical elements are not thick and annoying small intestine, which prevents the development of chronic pancreatitis, gastritis, digestive oncology tract.
6. Help in the intestinal cleansing by toxins, toxins, heavy metals.

Amputation of the gallbladder - a necessary measure, as shown in the case of:

1. cholelithiasis, Accompanied by the formation of stones, injuring the inside of the body and preventing the normal zhelcheottoku. In case of contact with the duct, stone seals the tube, causing intoxication.
2. steatorrhea - a disease characterized by insufficient secretion of revenue for the digestion of food. Simptomatiziruetsya splashes of fat in the stool.
3. Reflux gastritis - manifesting ejection of undigested food duodenal ulcer directly into the stomach, resulting in injury occurs liver and gallbladder.
4. gastroesophageal reflux disease - chronic irritation of the esophagus gastrointestinal contents.
5. Chronic cholecystitis acalculous - an inflammatory process in the mucosa epithelium of the bladder.

Removal of the gallbladder - invincible procedure aimed at preserving the patient's normal life.

The restructuring of the body after removal of the gallbladder

Gallbladder (deletion, the effects of which are often manifested development PHES) is required to regulate the digestive processes. In the case of organ retrieval comes complete Rebuild digestive process.

The changes occurring in the human body after:

1. The transformation of the intestinal microflora. In the colon appear bacteria and microorganisms that are not earlier.
2. Increasing the pressure on hepatic ducts.
3. Reducing the amount of bile produced by the liver.
4. Contact secretion of gall is directly produced in the small intestine, thereby slowing food digestion process.

In the first months after cholecystectomy arises:

• deficiency of bile, digestive problems provoking nature;
• slowing digestion of food;
• lack of vitamins and minerals, have been reported with the food, which has a vegetable origin.

Alteration of an organism is accompanied postcholecystectomic syndrome, caused by an increase in smooth muscle tone, located inside the descending part of the duodenum (the sphincter of Oddi) accompanying the disappearance of cholic bubble.

Irritation of the muscles characterized by increasing its contractile activity, impede the normal zhelcheottoku, entering pancreatic secretion in 12-duodenum.

PHES appears:

1. Painful sensations in the right hypochondrium. The pain can occur suddenly, gradually increase, to give to the lumbar region.
2. Loose stools.
3. Nausea, vomiting.
4. Loss of appetite.
5. Apathy, fatigue, impotence.

The process of adaptation depends on the mode of surgical intervention. Abdominal surgery require extended recovery period (3-6 months). After laparoscopy the patient can return to normal after 2 months.

adaptation methods after removal of the gallbladder

Gallbladder (deletion, whose effects are eliminated drugs) assists disengagement of fatty foods. After amputation authority necessary to carry out remedial measures aimed at transforming the digestive process:

What you can eat foods

Bile helps splitting fat, saturated a lot of carbohydrate foods. In the absence of zhelchenakopitelya upset the process of fat breakdown.

Survivors holetsistomiyu must adhere to a diet low in fat, for stabilization of the digestive tract of the body:

1. The 1st day after surgery banned any food. You can drink only water, broth hips (to 2 liters per day).
2. With 2-3-th day shows the boiled liquid soups lean chicken broth with the addition of chopped chicken breast, potatoes, cereals boiled.
3. C x 5 days resolved steam cutlets, meatballs of chicken, veal, lean beef, dairy-free cereal, fruit juices, fruit drinks.

From 2 weeks after the operation the patient is transferred to the diet, which is based on:

1. Lean chicken, veal, beef, cooked in a steam quenelle, meatballs. Protein foods podevalis boiled or baked in a oven dishes without oil.
2. Boiled perch, cod, hake.
3. Vegetable garnish from boiled, braised, roasted root vegetables (broccoli, carrots, potatoes, beets, eggplant, squash, pumpkin).
4. Rice, oat, buckwheat, oatmeal, cooked in water. Allowed addition of a small (less than 200 ml), the amount of milk.
5. Boiled pasta, vermicelli.
6. White toast bread, biscuits.
7. Any raw, baked vegetables and fruits. Perhaps the consumption of fruit mousses, jellies, soufflé with honey, sugar, nuts, dried fruits.
8. Decoction of dried rose hips, fruit and vegetable juices, jellies, compotes, uzvar, tea, yogurt.
9. Curd, cheese (fat content of less than 15%);
10. Vegetable fat (50 ml)

Do not eat:

• fatty, fried, spicy food cooked with spices;
• butter fat;
• eggs;
• lemonade with gas;
• cakes, cakes with butter cream, ice cream;
• fatty kinds of meat and fish products;
• peas, beans, beans;
• chocolate;
• whole milk, sour cream (fat content 25%), cream.
• smoked products;
• canned meat and fish;
• cheeseburgers, hamburgers, french fries;
• chips, popcorn, crackers, with food additives and flavorings.

Adhere to therapeutic feeding must be from 6 months to 1.5 years. With dietary restrictions are gradually removed over time. New courses are introduced in the menu. When signs PHES requires urgent return to dietetic table before stabilization.

diets

Gall bladder (removal of the consequences of which are minimized by careful observance of medical recommendations) is responsible for the adequate flow of bile, necessary in the digestion of food. After the holetsestomii require strict adherence to diet therapy, aimed at launching adaptive processes of the organism, the restructuring of the digestive tract works.

Compliance food restrictions prevents spasms occurring due to improper (fatty, spicy) power. Dietary treatment is divided into three steps:

stationary power

Holetsistomiya often carried out laparoscopically, which allows to minimize trauma to the abdomen. The food in the hospital is composed of liquid, a cooked cereals, soups, cooked with the addition of meat and vegetables.

1. 6-12 hours after surgery the patient is allowed to consume only water (1.5 L).
2. With 2-3 days in the diet of low-fat chicken broth administered, pyurirovanny potatoes, grind boiled chicken breast, veal. Allowed to drink sweet tea, rosehip fitootvar.
3. On the 4th day Menu added to oatmeal, buckwheat porridge, watery, bioyoghurt, cottage cheese, yogurt (wildlife no more than 15%), bananas, baked apples.

Must eat 5 times a day, preferably at the same time. Cooked food must be fluid warm. One portion is not more than 200 g required to be observed drinking regimen (to 1.5 liters per day).

Diet After discharge from the hospital

At 7-8 days the patient leaves the hospital room, and transferred to home treatment, with mandatory consultation, the surgeon and the gastroenterologist local clinic. it is recommended to adhere to the dietary table number 1 for a month after the surgery.

In the diet should avoid the appearance of products that enhance bile secretion (not heat treated vegetables, fruits, berries).

The basis of the food are as follows:

• boiled cereals (buckwheat, rice, oats), prepared without milk and butter;
• boiled, baked, steamed vegetables;
• lean types of birds, fish, meat, served in a milled form;
• the dried toasted white bread;
• curd bioyoghurt, yogurt (less than 15-20% fat content);
• broth hips, sweet tea.

Sample menu for one day:

breakfast	oat watery porridge; tea with 2 tablespoons sugar
2nd breakfast	cottage cheese with sour cream and baked apple pyurirovannym; rose hips broth
dinner	chicken soup, cooked to 2-3-m broth with carrots and fine noodles; meatballs vapor veal with mashed potatoes; apple juice with pulp (diluted with water in a ratio of (1: 1)
afternoon snack	mousse baked pears and bananas; rose hips broth
dinner	chopped boiled cod with pyurirovannoy carrots and beets; toast of the dried white bread; chamomile tea
at night	kefir

Power from 3-4 weeks after surgery

In the absence of spasms, pain 3-4 weeks the patient is transferred to table 5, which is necessary to stick to from 6 months to 1.5 years. The main objective of nutrition - maintaining the condition of the liver and the digestive processes, with the exception of fatty foods that can cause cramps and deterioration of the patient.

Based diet:

1. You need to eat small portions (200-250 g) 4-5 times during the day.
2. Preference should be given warm food.
3. All dishes are cooked in a steamer, boiled, stewed, baked on parchment paper. The use of butter is strictly limited (no more than 20 g).
4. Do not use any condiments, with the exception of grinded parsley and dill. Salt is allowed to improve the taste of food.

resolved:

• chicken, veal, beef, rabbit, prepared in a double boiler, oven baked without oil;
• any roots fed fresh, steamed, boiled used for preparing salads and side dishes;
• boiled, baked fish (perch, cod, pollock);
• cereals applied to cereals (during cooking allowed the addition of milk);
• Fermented milk products, cheese, cottage cheese (fat content of less than 20%);
• pasta, noodles;
• fruits, berries, both in physical form and in the form of stewed fruit, jelly, souffle;
• boiled sausage;
• fruit drinks, uzvar, fitootvary herbs;
• Tea coffee.

limited to:

• butter (20 g);
• whole milk (250 ml per day);
• eggs (only steam scrambled egg proteins);
• dark chocolate (50 g).

It prohibited the consumption of:

• fatty meats, poultry and fish;
• fried foods with the addition of seasonings and spices;
• spicy dishes;
• purchased lemonade;
• cakes, ice cream, cakes with butter cream, chocolate milk;
• sauces, marinades;
• smoked;
• corned beef, canned in oil or tomato fish;
• fast food, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, french fries;
• crisps, popcorn.

Sample menu for a day:

breakfast	buckwheat; toast with cheese; coffee with milk
2nd breakfast	cottage cheese with cream and berries; berry juice
3rd breakfast	chicken soup with noodles; Baked veal with courgettes and carrots; rose hips broth
afternoon snack	soufflé baked apples and pears with honey, nuts, raisins; pear juice with pulp
dinner	Boiled cod with potatoes; the vinaigrette; Mint tea

In the case of cramps, nausea, discomfort in the right upper quadrant must go on a diet number 1 and to consult a gastroenterologist.

Moderate exercise

Physical activity should be started with 2-3 days after surgery.

Motor activity will help avoid stagnation of bile, pneumonia, prevent the formation of adhesions:

1. In the early postoperative period, the patient should begin to get into bed with the 2nd day, sit up, do breathing exercises.
2. 3-4-day permits to get up, slowly move around the room.
3. With 5-7 days (before discharge) the patient must be moved within the hospital wards and corridors.

After discharge, we recommend gentle physical activity aimed at stabilizing food digestion process, preventing condensation and delay zhelcheoottoka, tissues enrichment oxygen.

Showing:

• walking in the park (at least 30 minutes daily);
• Nordic walking with sticks, and ski training;
• morning work-out;
• swimming in the pool (a natural abdominal massage).

Racing limitations:

• postoperatively limited lifting heavy objects (up to 4 kg);
• prohibits active sport exercises aimed at strengthening the abdominals;
• do not run, jump.

Allowed to return to work on the third week after the surgery, if the work activity does not involve heavy physical labor. Sexual activity is shown after 14 days.

The use of drugs

Postcholecystectomical syndrome caused by stimulation of the sphincter of Oddi, manifest unpleasant sensations:

• nausea, vomiting;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• pain in the upper right upper quadrant and in the lower abdomen;
• severe diarrhea.

To reduce the unpleasant symptoms of prescribed drugs designed to relieve spasms, normalize digestion, protect the liver from the re-formation of stones.

Group	pharmachologic effect	Name drugs	Dosage
enzymes	Shown with a small amount of bile produced, help: disengage food; normalize digestion; remove the feeling of heaviness, pain	mezim; festal; Creon; pancreatin	1 tablet 3 rows per day. This exacerbation occurrence of gravity, the dosage is increased.
antispasmodics	eliminate pain; relax the smooth muscles of the sphincter	No-spa; Drotaverinum; baralgin; mebeverin	Table 1-2. with the appearance of pain. The operation after 20 min.
Bile products	prevent stagnant secretions; eliminating inflammatory processes; provoke normal zhelcheottok.	allohol; holosas Galstena	1-2 cap. (Cap 10) 3-dy per day
hepatoprotectors	protect the liver cells; prevent the re-formation of stones; relieve pain symptoms	Essentiale Forte; Ursosan; ursofalk	1-2 cap. 3 rows per day after meals
antiemetic	reduces nausea; prevents vomiting; improves intestinal peristalsis	Reglan	1 tab. 3-hole daily after meals

The duration of treatment with the doctor sets individually. Spontaneously modify or discontinue therapy should not be.

Folk remedies

Alternative medicine is used in the form of herbal concoctions that help normalize zhelcheottok prevent neoplasm stone, clear bile ducts.

Recipes fitootvarov:

1. 2 tbsp. l. chopped herbs knotweed poured 300 ml of boiling water. Pan put on the plate, the suspension brought to a boil, for 10 minutes to languish. The prepared broth is removed from the heat, infused (3:00), filtered, received 0.5 ml of 3 rows per day.
2. 15 g birch buds connects with 200 ml of water. The mixture was placed on the hotplate, languish under the lid (about 10 min). The prepared infusion is filtered, drink 2 tablespoons. l. for 20 minutes before eating.
3. 1 tbsp. thistle seed is poured 500 ml of liquid is placed on the fire, brought to a boil, and then to liquid evaporation is languishing (1/2 of the water for 20 min). The prepared slurry is infused, strain, take 1 st. l. every hour during the day.
4. 10 g of sandy immortelle mixed with 250 ml of liquid. Heated, boiled 14 minutes, cooled, 20 ml is taken for 15 minutes before a meal.
5. 50 g of ground corn silk zaparivat 300 ml boiling water in a thermos, infused 12 hours, consumed 30 ml of 5 times per day.
6. In enamelware 500 ml of boiling water poured bloodroot silver (80g), yarrow, marigold (60 g of each herb). The mixture was infused for about 3 hours, taken to 1 h. l. up to 4 times a day.

possible complications

Removal of the gallbladder can cause unpleasant consequences of non-compliance with post-operative care, violation of diet, medical recommendations.

Immediately after the operation may be:

• infection of the wound area, the joint caused by improper care, the entry of nosocomial infections;
• bleeding associated with poor blood clotting, vascular damage;
• fever, pain in the stomach, appearing due to penetration gall secretion to the abdominal cavity;
• violation of the integrity of the walls of the intestine and blood vessels (possibly after abdominal surgery);
• deep vein thrombophlebitis.

Backfire, resulting in later and distant postoperative periods, related to the manifestation postcholecystectomy syndrome, characterized by:

• nausea, vomiting, provoked by errors in diet;
• heartburn appearing when casting undigested food digestive juice in the upper esophagus;
• increased formation of gases, diarrhea;
• severe cramps in the right upper quadrant and the lower abdomen;
• yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes;
• fever;
• fatigue;
• pain appears in the lower lumbar part (which happens after exercise);
• pruritus;
• reappearance stone deposits in the bile ducts caused by stagnant secretions;
• inflammation of the biliary canals;
• liver pathologies, manifested hepatitis, pancreatitis provoked poor discharge of secretion of gall;
• cancer process in the intestine induced irritant acids in bile.

Removal of the gallbladder - a necessary measure aimed at preserving the life of the patient. Strict adherence to the diet, the doctor's recommendations make it possible to minimize the unpleasant consequences of the amputation of the body, and after a recovery period to return to normal life.

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