Infectious erythema in children. Photos, symptoms, treatment, transmission methods

Infectious erythema called disease, which is caused by the infectious agent. It is characterized by both children and adults the appearance maculopapular rash, and preferably normal general state: with very little or no toxicity.

The causes of the disease

Infectious erythema in children appears in response to:

• virusesThat cause a variety of children's infections, mononucleosis;
• bacteria: Causative agents of tuberculosis, tularemia and others.

Infection occurs by airborne droplets.

Clinico-symptomatic form of the disease in children

The disease manifests itself in different forms, sometimes difficult-to-diagnose. Some of them are very fast, while others, like erythema nodosum, occur within a few months. The following describes the symptoms of various forms of infectious erythema help understand the variety of clinical manifestations of this pathology.

infectious erythema

Parvovirus causes it to 19. Pathology called fifth infectious disease. Occurs in childhood often, usually in children aged 5 to 15 years. The disease is asymptomatic or mild form. But it is possible and severe picture of the disease, which develops after an incubation period (7-14 days).

Patient baby cheeks acquire specific bright red color (hence the pathology sometimes called "slap cheek disease") due to the destruction of red blood cells, which causes parents to suspect allergy.

Then, the rash spreads to all the body, affecting the limbs. Possible temperature rise to 40 ° C. In some cases, there are pain, inflammation in the joints.

As the disease is localized rash on the extremities periphery. It resembles the pattern of lace. It can be on the skin up to 2 weeks. Characteristically, when overheated, after water treatment - in the bathtub, the shower - a rash may appear with new vigor. But it is not considered a disease relapse.

erythema Rosenberg

The disease occurs in children in the following order:

1. Initially, chills appears.
2. Body temperature rises to 38-40 ° C in 1-2 th day of the disease.
3. After the first 2 days in the morning subfebrile temperature (from 37 to 38 ° C) and closer to the night reaches 39-40 ° C; sometimes higher figures are observed constantly.
4. Condition deteriorates markedly for 4-6 days, when the rash appears. It manifests itself on the limbs, chest, and sometimes - on the face. The characteristic form of its elements: a small, 2-5 mm in diameter, pink color.
5. 2 hours after the onset of rash elements are larger, often merge - most often in the skin in the projection of the joints on the buttocks and the side surfaces of the chest. At the end of 2-3 days the rash becomes paler.
6. Rashes disappear for 5-6 days after the onset. In some children, then on the skin observed defurfuration.

For clinic disease is characterized by:

• tangible headaches;
  
• sleep disorders;
• often - hallucinations;
• puffiness and redness of the face;
• inflammation of the conjunctiva;
• erythema pharynx, soreness in swallowing, enlarged tonsils;
• a slight increase in submandibular, occipital lymph nodes, sometimes - groin and elbow;
• tongue coating may jitter;
• increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

In severe forms of the disease is likely to occur meningeal symptoms:

• photophobia;
• headache;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• rigidity (hardness) of the neck, and others.

Disease lasts in the range from 6 to 12 days.

erythema Chameria

Infectious erythema in children in this case can take place in a relatively easy manner without hyperthermia or with low grade fever (only occasionally reaches temperatures high numbers), which lasts only 1-2 day.

With this type of erythema on the first day are the elements of a rash on the back of the nose and cheeks in contact with him areas. All spots quite quickly merge into one erythema resembling its butterfly shape.

2-3 days of the pathological process is observed rashes on the outer surface of the shoulders and hips, later it extends to the lower leg. Character rashes - maculopapular (papules - spot is raised above the surface of the skin, without cavities), or spotted, with irregularly rounded edges.

Feature rash: they are different by "age" so painted in different colors, ranging from red and ending with purple and blue. Rash on the trunk elements occur sporadically, while the skin of limbs they are distributed over the entire surface; also occurs on the buttocks. Illness lasts on average 2 weeks.

erythema nodosum

This deep inflammation of the vessels in the skin. It is an acute and chronic form.

It manifests as an allergic reaction to different infectious agents:

• viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, etc.);
• streptococci;
• salmonella;
• tubercle bacillus;
• Escherichia;
• Yersinia;
• chlamydia.

As the disease progresses:

• as a reaction to antibiotics, sulfonamides;
• sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma;
• while taking oral contraceptives and pregnancy.

In the acute form of the disease is affected skin stratum shanks (extensor surfaces), forearms, thighs. There are nodes in the form of hemispheres with clearly defined edges, from 1 to several centimeters in diameter.

They:

• are located symmetrically;
• cause pain on palpation;
• dense;
• slightly raised above the skin.

The skin color of the lesions: first bright red, then goes into a cyanotic, then as absorbable bruise turns yellowish-green. After 3-5 weeks of nodes pass without a trace, or left on the skin pigmentation short scaly.

Acute erythema, a child may be accompanied by:

• fever up to 39 ° C;
• increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
• muscle and joint pain;
• chills.

When in the form of erythema nodosum Chronic observed a small amount of nodes that do not break long exist. Individual nodes converted into ring shaped or flattened shape infiltrates of different size and density.

Exudative erythema multiforme

This acute disease pathologically affecting the mucous membranes and the skin of the child.

atThis gives rise to a rash:

• spotty;
• papular;
• cystic.

This erythema occurs in the form of an allergic reaction in response to:

• various infections (herpes, virus, streptococcus, etc.);
• medications;
• autotoksicheskie substance (for intestinal disorders and other);
• poisoning by carbon monoxide, benzene;
• snake bites.

Clinical manifestations of the disease are symmetrical rash on the skin:

• brushes;
• Stop;
• forearms;
• shins.

Rashes appear in the form of circular spots of pink papules and small quantities (a lentil). Items can grow in size. At the center of their color becomes bluish tint and inside spot like sinks. Often then the bubble is formed by depressions in the ground. The first episodes of rash disappear within approximately 10 days.

Likelihood of re-occurrence of outbreaks of rash, which may increase the duration of illness up to 5 weeks, and in some cases up to 2 months. In these situations, the elements of sleep and not listed on the parts of the body. Stevens-Johnson syndrome - it is hard within a variety of exudative erythema multiforme.

With the development of this pathology observed:

• general malaise;
• angina;
• pain joint and muscle;
• bullosa (cystic) mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, genitals;
• pathology conjunctiva, cornea;
• fever up to 40 ° C.

Often, the disease affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, esophagus and stomach. Sometimes the pathological process involved meninges.

Sudden rash and undifferentiated form

Infectious erythema, a child may be diagnosed as sudden rash. This is an acute infectious disease manifested by fever and the appearance of lesions in the form of spots. It means the viral nature of the disease, but the virus is not exactly identified. Perhaps it is an adenovirus or enterovirus.

Usually affects children up to 3 years.

The incubation period runs from 3 days to 1 week, but sometimes as much as 17 days.

Exanthema during early clinical manifestations occurs in the following sequence:

1-3 day	Suddenly, the body temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, the overall state at this suffers slightly. Possible anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea
4th day	Fever abruptly terminated. Thus there is pale pink rash elements with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm (in some cases the lesions do not occur). Elements observed at first on the back, then apply to: stomach; chest; extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
6-7 day	The rash disappears, sometimes leaving a small peeling

Some children in the course of the disease are observed conjunctivitis, mild inflammation in the airways. When the temperature falls, characterized by reduced amounts of leukocytes and neutrophils in the blood, increase in monocytes and lymphocytes. The picture of blood for several days getting back to normal.

Undifferentiated form of erythema infectious implies the existence of the common symptoms of the disease of infectious origin in children, in which it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis.

But there are signs in the clinical picture of the disease:

• hyperthermia;
• not too severe intoxication;
• exanthema.

diagnosing disease

The diagnosis of erythema, focusing on clinical presentation, medical history.

Specialist should be distinguished from this pathology:

• scarlet fever;
• rubella;
• measles;
• drug allergy;
• meningokokktsemii;
• epidermal necrolysis toxic-allergic.

Methods of treatment

Exposure to the virus in many cases, medication is not eliminated, giving the result of infection itself. If the disease is asymptomatic or mild, easy to carry out observation of the child to his recovery.

medical method

Infectious erythema is usually treated only symptomatically. In case of high temperature, pain in the joints of children can be given paracetamol or ibuprofen on prescription. When seizures as a reaction to heat medical workers administered sedatives: diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam.

In severe cases of illness have taken measures to enhance immunity. Pour the immunoglobulin solutions that will neutralize viruses, and macrophages (white blood cells) will then absorb them.

When erythema nodosum and bacterial infections in other types of joining erythema prescribe antibiotics:

• flemoklav;
• cefazolin;
• ceftriaxone;
• bitsillin (with erythema nodosum, for long-term treatment).

In the treatment of erythema nodosum widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen, nimulid, diclofenac (oral and topical). In severe cases, the disease is a glucocorticosteroid hormone therapy: prednisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and others.

Showing antihistamines with erythema nodosum:

• suprastin;
• diazolin;
• loratadine;
• zodak and so on.

Locally administered with erythema nodosum compresses solution Dimexidum, ihtiola.

Physiotherapy

When erythema nodosum appoint:

• UV irradiation of the affected spots in suberythermal doses;
• laser therapy;
• phonophoresis with lidazy solution, hydrocortisone, heparin;
• inductothermy;
• magnetic therapy;
• UHF-therapy.

In other types of infectious erythema physiotherapy is not shown.

power adjustment

Infectious erythema in children weakens the body's defenses, so you need to keep them correct, healthy food. You need to increase your child's intake of vitamin food, to increase the amount of fruits and vegetables consumed. You should also ensure maximum hypoallergenic food.

In cases menu should be entered:

• dairy products;
• legumes;
• viscous porridge;
• juice of cranberries, pomegranate;
• spices: fennel, caraway, fennel, and others.

ethnoscience

Traditional medicine is also not remained aloof from the treatment of infectious erythema. Its resources contribute to facilitate the flow and accelerate the recovery from the described pathology.

Infusion of arnica

This facility is considered to be the most effective in the treatment of exudative erythema:

1. We need to take 1 tbsp. l. comminuted plant arnica flowers put in a thermos and pour 200 ml of boiling water.
2. It is necessary to leave the plant material in a thermos for 8 hours.
3. After the lapse of time should be laid drain herbal infusion.
4. Take the resulting tool relies at least 5 times a day for 1 h. l.

The infusion of immortelle

Bile properties of the plant make it useful in the treatment of infectious erythema as liver condition directly affects the health of the skin.

It is necessary to ensure the prevention of bile stasis for accelerating the recovery of the child:

1. It is necessary to take 1 tbsp. l. dried flowers immortelle, putting them into a vessel and add 0.5 liters of boiling water unheated.
2. It should infuse the vegetable raw material 8 hours.
3. Receipt of funds must then be filtered, you can add a little honey.
   
4. Finished medicine relies taken 30 minutes before meals: small children - 1 tbsp. l, teenagers -. of ¼ cup 3-4 times a day.

In the same way you can prepare the infusion of yarrow cholagogue.

Infusion of leaves cranberries

Very useful infusion of cranberries leaves, because it has a lot of medicinal properties that are important for recovery from cutaneous manifestations of disease.

For example:

• stimulating phagocytosis and other host defenses;
• bactericide;
• antiseptic;
• disinfectant;
• choleretic;
• anti-inflammatory;
• kapillyaroukreplyayuschim;
• boosting the effectiveness of antibiotics.

To prepare the infusion:

1. It is necessary to take 6 grams of crushed dried leaves of cranberries and put them in an enamel or glass container.
2. Next, these leaves relies pour 200 ml hot water and cover the container with a cover composition.
3. Cooking the mixture must infuse for 20 minutes, stirring occasionally for a better release of the drug.
4. After infusion relies strain resulting composition and adding boiling water to the level of 200 ml.
5. Take herbal medicines need 1 tbsp. l. 3 or 4 times a day after meal (after about 40 minutes) to improve.

The forecast for recovery

Infectious erythema in children usually has a favorable prognosis for resolution of different types of pathology. But with the development of Stevens-Johnson syndrome have a risk of death.

Possible complications in the child

Complications of infectious erythema often appear at lower protective forces of the organism.

There are:

• meningismus: headache, stiffness of the neck muscles, increased sensitivity of the skin and other symptoms;
  
• attachment of bacterial infections;
• aseptic meningitis;
• meningoencephalitis.

Often observed in children the disease of an infectious nature erythema well curable, but still need to ensure that a child all the conditions for a rapid recovery. Because it can join the dangerous health complications that worsen the disease and adversely affect the condition of the baby.

Author: Larisa Krechetova

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of infectious erythema in children

What is infectious erythema in children, symptoms and treatment: