Eczema. Photos, symptoms and treatment for adults on the hands and feet, the face, in the corners of the lips. Folk remedies, drugs

Eczema - widespread Noninfective dermatological disease characterized by eruptions of different character on the skin. Depending on the type and severity of the disease, symptoms vary, and is determined by the appropriate therapy. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, doctors prescribe a comprehensive treatment.

What is eczema

Eczema is expressed by the appearance on the epidermis of red spots and swelling. vials with liquid contents, which burst, forming pockets of erosion gradually formed on the rashes. The process is accompanied by itching and pain symptoms. Depending on the shape of the severity of the disease varies brightness and duration of symptoms of the disease.

Eczema is divided into many species, depending on the cause of the disease, the age and the rash area.

Classification of diseases, causes, symptoms

Eczema (its symptoms and treatment depends on the nature of the pathology flow) is split by types and degrees of severity. In the acute form pronounced symptoms, disease duration less than 2 months. In the chronic form the signs are weak, sometimes may increase. The disease can occur between 2 or more months.

For each type of eczema characterized by individual and common causes and symptoms.

Causes and factors common to all types of eczema:

• genetic predisposition;
• allergic reaction of the body (for foods, medicines, household chemicals);
• disturbances in the metabolic processes;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• increased sensitivity and dryness of the epidermis;
• disruption of the immune system;
• lack of vitamins and minerals;
• hormonal imbalance;
• the presence of parasitic infection;
• intoxication due to poisoning, disorders of the liver or after prolonged use of aggressive medication;
• functioning bowel disorder (constipation, goiter, diarrhea), and kidney;
• pathology of the endocrine system.

Frequent stress, emotional or mental overload, are not the cause of eczema, but provoke an exacerbation of symptoms.

Common symptoms of eczema:

• rash (appearance difference is the type of pathology);
• seal and redness at the site of the epidermis rash onset;
• itchy rash at the site;
• dryness and peeling of the skin;
• deterioration in the quality of sleep and sleep process;
• violation of the psychological state.

Description of individual causes and symptoms, depending on the type of pathology.

true eczema

The true cause of eczema are more likely to:

• allergic reaction;
• malfunction of the immune and endocrine systems;
• genetic predisposition;
• deterioration in the flow of metabolic processes.

Under the influence of these factors on the skin produced small red seal. Gradually the spots formed bubbles with the liquid, which quickly burst. After drying fluid in place of the bubble generated gray-yellow crust.

It further extends and in its place there is a new layer of the epidermis, are not flexible and lighter in tone. He is susceptible to injury.

The rash may be localized in any part of the skin. When the rash on the one hand, on the other, on a symmetrical position have similar education. On the skin of red spots can be present at the same time, bubble formation and crust. The disease is accompanied by severe itching. May increase the temperature readings up to high levels.

Without drug treatment of acute eczema, the true shape quickly becomes chronic. This form of danger of falling infection in open wounds after opening the vials.

microbial eczema

Aggravating factors in the development of pathology are open infected wounds and genetic predisposition. The disease occurs in acute form. Characterized by the formation of large patches covered with thick crust, under which often contain pus. The rash quickly affect the surrounding skin.

Microbial eczema often localized on the hands and feet (not symmetrical). Accompanied by severe itching.

seborrheic dermatitis

The reason for the development of this type of eczema is a violation of metabolic processes in the body and increased toxicity. Rash mainly localized in the scalp. Appear greasy hair and dandruff. Under the hair formed extensive scaly patches of yellow-gray color. Itching is rare.

Baby eczema

Eczema (symptoms and treatment of this form of the disease depends on the patient's age) in children develops under the influence of the following factors:

• lowered immunity;
• the presence of parasitic infection;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• metabolic disorders;
• allergy or food contact;
• heredity.

Pathology often children are exposed to artificial feeding.

The disease is accompanied by the following features:

• child cranky, listless. May refuse the meal;
• fever;
• redness of the affected epidermis with formation of small bubbles on it. Skin humidified fluid from bursted formations;
• after opening the bubbles formed thin crust;
• increased scaling and dryness.

rash seats have pronounced swelling. In the evening and at night there is a strengthening of itching in places eruptions. The disease is dangerous as strongly as possible scratching of the skin with its further injury and of infection.

Professional or contact eczema

Occupational eczema is allergic in nature. Develops after prolonged contact with the causative agent of disease. Rashes appear quickly under the influence of the allergen, after eliminating symptoms gradually fades. In mild medication is required.

If the allergen affect on the skin for a long time and there is no treatment, this form becomes true. Eczema is accompanied by swelling and reddening of the epidermis, with subsequent formation of bubbles and their opening. After that, on the site of an eruption formed a crust. Often affects the exposed parts of the body. Accompanied by severe itching.

Disgidroticheskaya eczema

Precipitating factors:

• hereditary predisposition on the line;
• disruption of the immune system;
• the presence of an allergic reaction.

Localized rashes on the hands (the palms) and legs (the feet). With their emergence there was a slight reddening of the skin with subsequent formation of bubbles. After dissection of the skin is formed thick crust. The process is accompanied by severe itching. Without medical treatment of eczema goes into true form.

Tiloticheskaya (cornea, mozolevidnaya) eczema

Tiloticheskaya eczema - is eczema disgidroticheskaya in the chronic form. It is characterized by the formation of callus layer, on the site of the rash, which often crack and bleed. The disease is dangerous getting infections in open wounds.

Atopic (weeping) eczema

Atopic eczema is allergic in nature. To eliminate it required medical treatment, or the disease becomes chronic.

Symptoms of disease:

• rashes are more often localized on the face, neck, or extremities;
• disease begins with redness and swelling of the affected area, with subsequent peeling of the skin. After a few days formed liquid-filled vesicles. After their opening formed grayish-yellow crust;
• severe itching in places eruptions.

Without the use of drugs the disease returns after recovering quickly.

dry eczema

Precipitating factors:

• too dry and sensitive skin;
• Increased dry air;
• the presence of an allergic reaction;
• disruption of the functioning of the immune system;
• neural surge;
• the presence of parasitic infection;
• increased intoxication.

Related symptoms:

• the disease often affects the skin in the winter;
• increase epidermal dryness and cracks;
• redness occurs skin lesion with subsequent formation of bubbles and their opening. In the conclusion of the epidermis is formed crust. The process of restoring the skin takes a long time;
• pathology is accompanied by itching at the site of the rash.

In this form of dry skin is impossible to eliminate using moisturizing products.

mycotic eczema

This form of eczema develops in the presence of fungal infection. Eruptions are similar in nature to the true eczema (redness, appearance of vesicles and crusts). The disease has a fluctuating course with increased and decreased symptoms. To eliminate the need to identify the type of pathology of the disease pathogen.

allergic eczema

Allergic form usually manifests itself in a period of declining functions of the immune (fall and spring). In the presence of increased excitability to allergens. Rash reddening accompanied cover with further bubble formation. After their opening formed deep wounds, which gradually covered by a crust. Accompanied by intense itching and flaking of the epidermis.

stage of the disease

Depending on the disease stage of the disease can vary slightly.

The main stages of development of eczema:

the sequence of steps	Description
The onset of disease	Redness layers of the epidermis in the form of spots, with subsequent change of density. It is accompanied by swelling and sometimes increased desquamation.
formation of bubbles	Spots acquire a bright color and their surface formed bubbles with the liquid content.
peak disease	It occurs autopsy bubbles and then outputting the contents to the outside.
Reducing symptoms	The drying up of the liquid to form a crust. It protects the skin from the penetration of infection until the formation of a new layer of the epidermis.
The healing process	Peel begins to peel off, and gradually fade. Young skin maloelastichnaya and requires special care. Otherwise, the formation of cracks.

Depending on the shape of the flow on the skin pathology can be observed simultaneously the initial formation of bubbles and peeling process to discharge of the crust. By the number of long-standing structures dermatologist determines the severity of disease and the appropriate treatment is chosen.

Diagnostics

Eczema (symptoms and treatment specified in the survey expert) Is complete elimination after accurate diagnosis.

diagnosing steps:

1. Verbal data collection. It is made up examination of the patient. Specialist turns:

• What reason could provoke rashes;
• whether there is a genetic predisposition;
• as the first lesions appeared (after which time the bubbles were formed, when the itching and flaking);
• the presence of precipitating factors in the workplace or at home.

2. patient examination:

• defined spots development step;
• where localized lesions;
• associated symptoms (itching, fever).

3. Specimen collection:

• urine. To determine the presence of inflammation and a possible violation of the kidneys;
• feces. To identify abnormalities in the functioning of the digestive tract. Also, to avoid the presence of parasitic infection;
• blood. Reveals the presence of antibodies in an allergic reaction and infectious agents;
• may be required scraping fluid that is suspected of having an infection. To identify the nature of the causative agent.

Additionally, you may need examination using ultrasound, X-rays, for a complete diagnosis of internal organs. Further treatment is carried out by a dermatologist and allergist immunologist,.

General rules and principles of treatment

For the complete elimination of disease or alleviate current symptoms (chronic form) recommended to observe the following rules:

• dieting and diet (with the exception of allergens, eating small portions of food, avoid heavy meals);
• not run disease begin therapy at the first rashes;
• undergo complex treatment in full, without interruption or extension of the self;
• all used drugs and recipes of traditional medicine are discussed with the treating specialist;
• the presence of bubbles exposed to limit the adoption of water treatments (possibly complete their exclusion);
• avoid contact with allergens;
• do not remove the crust alone. They disappear themselves after drying and complete formation of a new layer of the epidermis;
• take vitamin complexes for strengthening the immune system;
• to purge the body of toxins.

After eliminating the lesions use the means of skin care. Avoid nerve overvoltage. When you need to take sedatives.

Preparations for internal use

To eliminate eczema experts appointed by the following drugs.

The name of the drug and the form of	age limit	Rules of admission and course	explicit contraindications
Drugs against allergies
Zodak (tablets, syrup, drops)	Drops of 1 year. Syrup 2 years. Tablets with 6 years.	1 tablet per day. The syrup and drops are assigned by weight and age. The course selected individually. Allowed long-term use.	The liver and kidneys
Fenkarol (tablets)	After 12 years	1-2 tablets three times a day is not more than 20 days	In the presence of abnormalities of the digestive tract are made under the supervision of a specialist.
Clemastine (tablets)	After 6 years	1 tablet 2 times per day. Duration of reception is assigned individually.	Liver and pulmonary system are accepted with caution.
Diazolin (tablets and pills)	After 2 years	Accepted up to 7 days. The dosage is adjusted individually.	If you violate the activity of the digestive tract and kidneys taken with caution.
Loratadine (syrup, tablets)	Syrup 2 years. Tablets after 12 years	The dosage and course are selected individually by age and severity of pathology form.	During exacerbation of hepatic diseases applied under professional supervision.
Vitamin supplements with vitamin B group
Complivit (coated tablets)	After 12 years	On 1 tablet once a day for at least 30 days	components intolerance.
Angiovit (coated tablets)	After 12 years	On a tablet a day at least 20 days.	intolerance of components
Neyrobion (injection, and tablets)	The solution is not limited by age. Tablets after 12 years.	The dosage is prescribed individually. Course duration not exceeding 30 days.	Tablets are prohibited for use in the presence of ulcer formation in the digestive tract.
Pentovit (tablets)	After 12 years	2-4 tablets three times a day for 3 to 4 weeks.	intolerance of components
Neyromultivit (tablets)	After 12 years	According to the tablet 1-3 times a day. No longer than 30 days.	In case of violation of the blood taken with caution.
Sedatives and psychoactive drugs
The extract of valerian (tablets)	After 3 years	1-2 tablets three times a day from 14 to 28 days.	Do not take with fructose intolerance and lactase deficiency.
Extract motherwort (tablets)	No restrictions	The dosage is adjusted individually. The course is 30 days.	components intolerance.
Nozepam (tablets)	After 6 years	Single and daily dosage selected individually. If possible, take smaller doses.	They have a big list of contraindications and side effects.
Fenazepam (tablets and solution for injection)	After 18 years	The dosage is adjusted individually in small doses. reception rate is not more than 14 days.
hormonal medications
Prednisolone (tablets, drops, and the solution for injection)	Age limits are not specified	The dosage and course are selected individually.	They have a big list of contraindications and side effects.
Dexamethasone (drops, tablets and solution for injection)	use in children is not recommended
corticotropin
For purification of toxins
Polysorb (powder slurries)	From birth	Dosage is calculated by weight. Take 3-4 times a day to 14 days.	Disruption of the digestive tract
Activated carbon	After 2 years	Dosage is calculated by weight to 3 times per day is not more than 14 days.	If constipation taken with caution.
Enterosgel (paste and gel)	after a year	The dosage is adjusted individually. The course of 5 days.	When intestinal obstruction
To strengthen the immune system
Polioksidony (tablets)	After 3 years	The course selected by age and indications.	intolerance of components
Likopid (tablets)	From birth	The dosage is adjusted individually, duration of the course to 10 days	Elevated temperatures and intolerance to the components.
Plazmol (injection)	No limitations	1 injection per day to 10 days	During exacerbation of pathologies of the liver and kidneys.
For the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract
Pancreatin (tablet)	In children take under the supervision of a specialist	The course chosen by indications.	Ileus and liver disease.
Creon (capsules)	No age restrictions.	The dosage is calculated according to age characteristics. Duration of the course is chosen individually.	Violation of pancreatic activity and intolerance of components.
Normobakt (powder slurries)	From birth	1-2 sachets per day for 10 days.	components intolerance.

Complex oral agents appointed by the attending specialist within existing contraindications.

Topical treatment of eczema

Eczema (symptoms and treatment can be varied from the general state of the patient) is accompanied by severe itching, peeling and the appearance microtraumas.

The following external resources are used to facilitate the patient's condition and accelerate the healing process:

• hormonal creams (hydrocortisone, Dermozolon, Sinalar). Used in the severe form of the disease;
• itch relief (Zinc, Podophyllin, Dimedrolovaya);
• for power and acceleration of renovation of the skin (ihtiolovaya, Lassara, methyluracyl);
• for eliminating microbes (solution of brilliant green, Panthenol, Gentian violet).

Ointments and creams applied to the dried and prepurified skin. After their application to wait for absorbing composition and 30 min.

Folk remedies against dry eczema

Drug treatment is allowed to combine with folk recipes.

The following compositions are recommended for dry eczema:

• for softening the crusts and removing an itch add in warm water marine salt (3 g 30 liters of water). Soaking the hands and feet for at least 30 minutes. Once dry the skin and apply a moisturizing cream or healing;
• combine in equal proportions sea salt and herb licorice. Ingredients put in cheesecloth and apply to the affected area for 1 hour. After 3 days required to take a break from 2 to 4 days. The procedure was repeated to eliminate rashes;
• compresses cucumber brine reduce the number of lesions and accelerate the healing process;
• crush badly dark fruit grapes varieties. Applying the slurry to the sites of lesions on the 3 hour. Duration of the course 20 days. After a break of 10 days the course is repeated.

To eliminate flaking and softening of the skin, you can use olive oil or sea buckthorn oil.

Folk remedies against wet eczema

The following recipes are used to relieve symptoms of wet eczema:

• baby cream mix and fir oil in a proportion of 3: 2. The ointment is applied 3 times a day to 20 days;
• lubricate the affected area with grease. On top to attach the thick paper, wrap the cloth. May increase itching. Multiplicity of 1 times a day to relieve symptoms;
• apply compresses the fresh juice of Kalanchoe. Soaking to 2 hours, 1 times a day. Before elimination of rashes;
• 100 g of birch tar add 10 g of crushed chalk and raw egg. Mix and apply as a compress for the night.

For a more rapid recovery of skin in the diet is recommended to increase the number of products with vitamin A (carrot, wild rose, cream).

physiotherapy

In the complex treatment of Eczema and physiotherapy are also included:

• acceptance of mud, mineral bath and ultraviolet;
• administration of drugs under the influence of the current (electrophoresis);
• paraffin applications;
• electrosleep (to improve sleep quality in certain areas of the brain affected by the current level);
• laser irradiation accelerates in the epidermis;
• magnetic therapy;
• cryotherapy. Processing lesions with liquid nitrogen, to remove the itching and accelerate the healing process.

Before carrying out the procedures required to get acquainted with contraindications.

Hygiene

For ease symptoms and prevent the destruction of healthy sites skin rashes required to comply with proper hygiene:

• while taking bath using herbal decoctions reduce itching and possessing disinfecting action. The water temperature should not be higher than 37 degrees. Time decision not more than 20 minutes;
• in the presence of exposed bubbles only take a shower if necessary. To prevent the spread of infection throughout the body;
• body rubdown, in the process of washing, use only soft sponges. When wiping after taking water treatments use a soft towel without synthetics;
• not use ordinary soap, purchased special lotions, no land and not irritating the skin;
• overdried handle portions epidermal moisturizing and nourishing creams (applied to the cleansed skin only);
• with rashes on the head to use medicated shampoos;
• avoid the use of decorative cosmetics with aggressive components.

Additional care measures to prevent eczema return after recovery, facilitate symptoms during illness and accelerate the recovery.

Prognosis and complications

Subject to the recommendations of the expert's disease can be eliminated completely. Skin recovers quickly. When started form may hit infections in open wounds followed suppuration and scarring. Without therapeutic interventions disease becomes chronic.

Eczema, with a full course of therapy and compliance with preventive measures, lends itself to full elimination. Dangerous diseases is damage to the epidermis during combing followed by entering in wound infection. It is important to have a full examination and to begin treatment as soon as the first symptoms appear.

Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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