Onycholysis. Causes and Treatment, photos on the nails, feet, hands, traumatic of gel varnish, a child. The symptoms are distinguished from the fungus. Drugs, folk remedies, ointments. What doctor treats

Excessive concern about the state of the nails, the use of aggressive care products and frequent injuries are the cause of oniholizisa. Treatment of the disease depends on the degree of symptoms, treatment of early treatment and provoking factor.

What is onycholysis

Onycholysis - detachment of the nail plate from the soft tissue to form voids. It is developing the disease with lesions of the free edge of the nail on one or both sides. As the progression of the nail completely departs from the base, perhaps his loss. Color change of the affected area on white, gray or yellow.

The disease is most often diagnosed in women due to a regular manicure, gel nail application and use of aggressive cosmetics. Onycholysis affects fingernails, but sometimes found on the legs. On the feet the disease develops on the big toe. Usually occurs on the middle and ring fingers of his right hand on the thumb appears rare.

Causes of the nails in children and adults

nail dystrophy occurs because of a lack of oxygen in the surrounding tissues. The degree of oxygen starvation depends on the rate of progression oniholizisa, its intensity distribution and the damaged area. Also it takes into account the nature of disease - an infectious or non-infectious.

Most often the disease develops on the background of fungal infections. In such cases, the pathological processes quickly spread to all the nails, moving to interdigital space. Man worried about intense itching, dry skin in the affected areas, and the appearance of cracks.

For non-infectious causes include trauma oniholizisa nails, exposure to allergens or the individual reactions to the drugs. Also provoke a change can trauma and wearing uncomfortable shoes. Sometimes the cause of nail dystrophy are disruptions to the cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems.

Onycholysis, causes and treatment of which are very diverse, equally often affects adults and children. Provoking factor in children - nail-biting, causing them damage. They become vulnerable to the penetration of pathogenic bacteria. In adults, the rapid development of the pathology facilitates contact with external irritants, allergens and harmful habits.

infection

More than 30-50% of cases oniholizisa falls on infectious causes.

These include fungal and bacterial diseases.

Fungi cause the following diseases:

• candidiasis;

  

• athlete's;
• rubrofitii.

Also, the causative agent of the inflammation often streptococci and staphylococci. They are constantly on the human body, but are beginning to actively breeding with the weakening of immunity.

With infectious origin oniholizis develops after infection with pathogens. Their primary location - a public swimming pools, beaches, and bath tubs, wherein supported high humidity and temperature.

Non-infectious factors

These reasons are divided into 2 groups: the impact of external and internal changes in the body.

Types of external influences	Internal factors that cause onycholysis
Trauma or mechanical compression of the nail and finger.	Treatment with antibiotics tetracycline and fluoroquinolone group.
Using substandard tools's Skin polish - gel paints, hardeners.	Avitaminosis.
Separate damaged plates man because of neurotic disorders - onihotillomanii and Onychophagia.	Chronic gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems.
Direct contact with aggressive chemicals.	Dermatological diseases - dermatitis, eczema, allergies.

External exposure leads to disruption of the integrity of the nail plate. It is vulnerable to penetration of oxygen exposure and other environmental elements.

Reasons oniholizisa determine right and pick up the treatment becomes complicated when mechanical failure joins a bacterial infection.

Internal factors lead to onycholysis due to a violation of local blood supply to the nail bed. Due to the lack of nutrients the nail is deformed, and without addressing the underlying problem the disease progresses rapidly.

Traumatic onycholysis after gel nail polish: the causes of

In women, a common cause of oniholizisa becomes the use of low-quality products for nail care. Cheap gel nail destroys the nail plate, making it susceptible to external influences and the penetration of bacteria.

To qualitatively cause gel varnish, it is necessary to remove a small layer of the nail plate. This procedure provides a more intimate contact with the surface of the lacquer, but makes nails vulnerable.

Microtrauma also appear during removal gel lacquer from the use of corrosive substances. The biggest damage is applied himself women when trying to remove the gel polish at home with improvised means.

disease symptoms

Onycholysis, causes and treatment are determined by the symptoms, manifested as follows:

1. A small portion of the nail is separated from the nail bed. The affected region is in the form of a narrow strip, crescent or trapezoid.
2. Most nail plate extends from the base.
3. When you join a fungus nail becomes brown, the bacteria lead to a yellow color.
4. In the presence of local hematoma nails are black.
5. Under the influence of bacteria infection and nail structure changes. Streaks appear, grooves and a dot. Nails break off and exfoliate.

If untreated, the inflammation goes on okolonogtevoy roller. He reddens, swells, there is pain and abscess.

Classification

To find the cure, you must determine the type of the disease.

In this regard, experts distinguish the following types of oniholizisa:

1. Traumatic - the result of prolonged exposure to mechanical or finger nail region.
2. Dermatological - formed on the basis of untreated skin diseases.
3. Fungal - evolving under the influence of the bacteria will multiply in the subungual space.
4. Bacterial - diagnosed by detection of secondary infection.
5. Allergic - appears after receiving the unsuitable drug or contact with aggressive chemicals.
6. Endocrine - accompanying hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, hormonal disorders.
7. systematic - occurs in pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract or metabolic diseases.

Depending on the extent of damage allocate partial and full onycholysis. Fuller form is rarely diagnosed and is accompanied by a complete separation of nail plate from the bottom.

percolation stage

There are 3 stages of the disease, each of which is characterized by a degree of deformation of the nail plate and surrounding tissues. In the first stage, alterations, changes in the nails are almost invisible, touched the upper layers of the soft tissue.

Exudation is manifested signs of worsening, violation of polish food and the penetration of fungal spores in the nail plate. In the third stage, the proliferation, growth of healthy tissue is absent. Nails thicken and become deformed.

Is the disease contagious?

Oniholizisa infectiousness depends on the origin. If the pathology is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, it is passed around. Distribution source are dead skin particles and pieces of affected nail.

If the cause oniholizisa was the injury or chronic diseases of internal organs, nails strain is not contagious. In such cases, it becomes a roadblock just a sick man.

Diagnostics

Onycholysis, causes and treatment is being studied by a dermatologist or a mycologist, is diagnosed in the following ways:

1. Visual inspection of nail plates.
2. The conversation with the patient and study of the main symptoms.
3. Assays to detect or scrapings fungi, staphylococci, or streptococci.

If you suspect a systemic or chronic diseases require medical consultation, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist and allergist. Also must pass a complete blood count, and an allergic nature oniholizisa - identify the allergen. Only after identifying the causes of the disease dermatologist prescribes treatment or drugs a doctor selected the desired profile.

Preparations for the treatment of infectious oniholizisa

Effective treatment oniholizisa requires an integrated approach, so dermatologist appoint the following drugs:

• antibiotics;
• a multivitamin;
• antiseptic agents;
• antifungal medicines.

In severe cases nail fungus prescribers for internal use:

drug Name	Features reception
griseofulvin	Take 2 times daily 250 mg. Duration of the course is determined by a physician, but is usually 1 year
itraconazole	It should be 3-week course of treatment agent. Between courses take breaks for 3 weeks. Dosage - 200 ml of 2 times a day
terbinafine	Receiving, from 3 months to six months, 1 times a day 250mg
fluconazole	Once a week, use of 150-300 mg of fluconazole for 6 months

be sure to use external resources to avoid getting an infection surrounding tissue to achieve a positive effect.

effective ointment

To combat oniholizisa ointment actively used, which are selected depending on the cause of the pathology.

The most frequently prescribed drugs following:

1. Solkoseril. It provides rapid recovery, strengthens blood vessels and normalize the local circulation.
2. Geliomitsinovuyu ointment. It is effective as a prophylactic agent in the treatment of bacterial infections.
3. Levomekol. Use in bacterial infection to suppress propagation of pathogenic microorganisms. It helps rapid regeneration of damaged tissues.

ekzoderil also actively used, clotrimazole, Vishnevsky ointment and mikozan. The choice of drug is carried by a dermatologist on the basis of test results, presence or absence of fungi and bacteria.

ekzoderil

Upon detection of a fungal or bacterial infection appoint ekzoderil. The ointment is applied twice a day 2 after hygiene procedures.

Be sure to cover the composition of not only nails, but also adjoining areas. Fingernails are treated in such a way up to six months, and for the restoration of toenails is required from 6 months to a year.

clotrimazole

Clotrimazole - is a white cream with a slight odor. To achieve the effect with mycosis should smear the affected area up to 3 times a day. Duration of treatment - 3-4 weeks. To confirm the effectiveness of the treatment is required to pass the repeated tests for the fungus.

Vishnevsky ointment

Budget funds fungus treatment include Vishnevsky ointment. When unpleasant odor formulation is highly efficient. Birch tar disinfects, and castor oil provides rapid heating of tissues and penetration of the active substance to its destination.

The main active component - xeroform powder which has antiseptic properties. When used regularly, the result will appear in a month.

Mikozan

The uniqueness mikozana in the delivery of active substances under the nail that allows to treat onychomycosis and onycholysis. Effective against mild forms of fungal infections and in protecting healthy nails from infection. Apply 2 times a day to the affected nails for 4 weeks. Then, up to 6 months of use means 1 once a day until fully grown healthy nails.

Recipes of traditional medicine with sea buckthorn oil, peroxide, lemon and other

To speed up the healing process can be used to achieve traditional medicine. They reduce the itching, reduce irritation, and has sedative properties.

Onycholysis, causes and treatment after the diagnosis is determined, it is possible to try to correct folk remedies:

1. Sea buckthorn oil.
2. Olive oil.
3. Hydrogen peroxide.
4. Lemon.

Daily treatment of nails buckthorn oil accelerates the regeneration of tissues. The high content of vitamin C activates the body's defenses, so the nails quickly restored. Also, a strong immune system suppresses the proliferation of the infection, so the further spread of the strain ceases.

In equal portions take the olive oil and lemon juice. Well stirred mixture was then applied on the nails as a mask. For protection against abrasion at night put on special gloves. Such procedures help with stratified nails, but to get the effect you need to do a mask 2 times a week for 4 months.

Hydrogen peroxide has no therapeutic effect, and is used for softening the affected nail plate. After the bath with warm water to patients nails applied poultice impregnated with hydrogen peroxide. This tool makes it easier to remove all loose part, but then be sure to lubricate the nail antifungal cream.

The easiest way - is to cut a lemon into small pieces and attach to the problem nails. To the affected area well soaked from top to reinforce polyethylene or bandage. After 10 days of such treatment condition of nails is improved by creating an acidic environment which inhibits the proliferation of fungi.

Baths for hands and feet against oniholizisa with sea salt

At half liter of water take 1 tbsp. l. sea ​​salt and mix well. The duration of the bath for the feet or hands - 20 minutes. The frequency of administration depends on the degree of damage. For the prevention of trays do 1-2 times a week, and in the course of treatment is best done them daily. To get the result you have to repeat the procedure for 3 months.

With glycerine

To strengthen the nails and restore their structure using means based on glycerol. To 70 g of water was added 20 g of glycerol and 5 g of alum. The resulting ointment is applied to the tissue and make a compress. Also with this structure is carried trays. The fingers hold a mixture of 10-15 minutes and then put on cotton gloves.

With gelatin

Any products manufactured on the basis of gelatin, it is necessary to eat more often. For external use prepared baths, for which 1 tablespoon. l. gelatin is dissolved in 1 cup of hot water.

Ostuzhivayut composition to a comfortable temperature and lower fingers for 20-30 minutes. The frequency of sessions - 3-4 times a week, and the entire course is designed for 3-4 months. Gelatin protein nourishes nails, which ensures the growth of healthy nails.

With orange and iodine

To prevent stratification of the nails and increase their strength, are mixed with 100 ml of orange juice, 5 drops of iodine and 1 tbsp. l. sea ​​salt and half a glass of mineral water. In this mixture maintained fingers for 10 minutes. Repeat these baths should be every week, 2-3 days for 2-3 months.

With vinegar

Vinegar is mixed with chicken egg, vegetable oil and dimethyl phthalate, taking each component 1 tbsp. l. Obtained by means of nails treated, after which they wrapped in cellophane. The procedure is repeated 2 times a day for 3 weeks. Footwear treated every 5 days a weak solution of vinegar.

homeopathic remedies

In lesions of the nail plate following homeopathic agents commonly used:

• silicon;
• Kaustikum;
• thuja;
• natrum.

Formulations necessarily alternated with each other, taking 3 times a day. The dosage is chosen by the attending doctor, as it depends on body weight, individual susceptibility to the drug, and comorbidities.

Physiotherapy

the following types of physical therapy used to treat oniholizisa:

• diathermy;
• phonophoresis with the addition of vitamins A and E;
• acupuncture.

For the normalization of the local blood supply to carry out massage, mud applications on the area of ​​hands or feet. By increasing the power nails quickly restored, and their structure is improved.

Surgery

Large over the affected areas are removed surgically. During the intervention purified from tissue bruising, dirt, and then applied antibacterial and antiseptic dressings.

After healing, antifungal or antibacterial applied topical formulations. Because of the risk of deformation of the nail after regrowth and pain is rarely used. If necessary, the nail is removed due to softening agents based on urea.

Complications, consequences

Onycholysis may result in nail strong deformation and even their loss. When fungal origin pathology spreads to the surrounding tissues. Leather feet and hands becomes dry cracks. In pathological processes may involve internal organs, leading to decreased immunity.

prevention

To reduce the likelihood of oniholizisa should follow simple rules:

1. Regular and neat manicure and pedicure.
2. The use of high-quality products for nail care.
3. No contact with household chemicals without gloves.
4. Medical check-ups and timely treatment of diseases of internal organs.
5. A balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables.
6. Prophylactic administration of multivitamins in consultation with the attending physician.

Should abandon foreign borrowing towels and shoes. On the beach, in the bath and sauna, you need to wear rubber slippers to avoid infection with spores of fungi. After hygiene hands and feet are wiped dry. Shoes should be comfortable, natural materials, so as not to create suitable conditions for the growth of fungus.

Forecast

With timely detection and treatment of onycholysis has a favorable prognosis. Without proper treatment deformation progresses, it affects the skin and reduces the overall quality of life. If the disease is caused by bacteria or fungi in the body there is a persistent source of infection.

Only the timely identification of the causes and treatment oniholizisa allow to preserve the beauty of nails. Without the help of a dermatologist disease progresses rapidly, and in infectious origin affects the skin and internal organs. For late treatment increases the risk of progression of the disease into a chronic form with frequent relapses.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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