Urticaria: photo, symptoms and treatment for adults and children. What is allergic, idiopathic, acute, chronic, cold. Drugs, diet, ointments

The main symptom is the occurrence of urticaria skin redness and blisters, an endangered spontaneously or as a result of treatment. Urticaria is the most frequent reason for treatment to the allergist. According to statistics 35% of people at least once in his life faced with these allergic reactions.

What is urticaria

For this disease is characterized by the rapid spread of the rash and redness of the skin that affects all parts of the body - from the feet and hands to the facial skin. In rare cases, plaques and blisters occur even in the mucous membranes.

The affected area of ​​the skin have a bright red color and irregular edges. Particularly strong disease develops on the face. Adjacent plaques and blisters may form a single flat spot.

Over time, the red color of the affected skin is replaced by a pale-pink, then urticaria symptoms disappear. Most of the first signs until complete disappearance of symptoms is just 2 hours, so patients do not seek medical help.

Causes of

The symptoms and treatment of urticaria are closely linked. Effective treatment is important to determine what factors caused it. Skin reaction to the action of the external environment (high or low temperature, excessive irradiation of the sun, and other factors).

Causes:

• Direct contact with the human body specific allergen. The causes of allergic reactions, set individually as a result of an allergy test.
• Gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, ulcers, colitis, etc.).
• Malfunction of the endocrine glands.
• A side effect of the hormonal preparations (Pennitsilina, Sulfonamides).
• Complication after vaccination and blood transfusions.
• Bacterial infections and diseases caused by parasites.
• Trauma, pressure, friction, physical tension.
• The presence of cancer.
• Skin diseases caused by fungus.
• Cryoglobulinemia.
• Diseases of the lymphatic system.
• Worm infestation.
• Insect bites.
• Chemical burns to the skin.
• Stress and emotional strain.

Under the influence of one of these factors from the skin cells released histamine. This substance irritates nerve receptors provokes vasodilation and edema of the surrounding tissue.

Urticaria is not a contagious disease and can not be transferred from one person to another. Exception - the genetic mechanism of transmission, the child may occur skin irritation for the same reason that one of the parents.

symptoms

Symptoms of hives can appear quickly, and for 6 hours to disappear completely. Otherwise, urticaria not caused short reaction with allergen and internal factors.

The main symptoms of the disease:

• The occurrence of red patches with irregular edges.
• Red plaques are formed, rash.
  
• In the affected areas felt itching and burning.
• Dizziness.
• Feeling of weakness, and weakness.
• The temperature rises.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Stool irregularities.
• Aching joints.

Urticaria: symptoms must be distinguished from other skin diseases such as psoriasis and dermatitis. Effective treatment is possible after accurate diagnosis. Visit should allergist immunologist and a dermatologist.

According to the results of the initial examination the patient may be referred for further examination to the infectious disease specialist, a neurologist, Laura.

symptoms of danger

Angioedema may occur in acute form of allergic urticaria. A person becomes hard to breathe, and then he begins to suffocate and die, if time does not help. At the first sign of difficulty breathing and hoarseness of voice should take an antihistamine drug and call an ambulance.

Anaphylactic shock can cause not only the hives, but the treatment of a disease or improper medications. With the development of anaphylactic shock, the patient turns pale, and then loses consciousness. Reduced pressure and tachycardia occurs. If time does not provide medical care, the patient dies.

Urgently need to seek help for the following symptoms:

• Loss of consciousness.
• pressure.
• Shortness of breath.
• pale skin.
• Hoarseness.
• Acute abdominal pain.

Course of the disease in the chronic form

In the chronic form of disease symptoms on a regular basis for several months. Treatment pills or folk remedies gives temporary result, the symptoms disappear, but then reappear. The chronic form of the disease can last for 10 years or more.

However, in this case the blisters formed smaller. Itching and burning are less pronounced. The cause of chronic disease is an unidentified allergen or inflammation in the body. Patients are encouraged to take the test for allergens and pass a comprehensive examination of all body systems.

The acute course of the disease

In acute urticaria redness and blisters occur unexpectedly and cover the whole body. The most common reason for their appearance - the direct human contact with the allergen. For a couple of hours irritation spreads all over the skin. In a few hours the symptoms subside and have 2 days of treatment the skin becomes clean again.

complications

Urticaria: Symptoms and treatment of complications of the disease. The most dangerous are complications urticaria - angioedema, and anaphylaxis. These can occur when an allergic form of urticaria caused by direct contact with an allergen. These complications are particularly dangerous for children and pregnant women since developing the most rapidly.

Angioedema occurs by direct contact with an allergen. Edema of the respiratory tract occurs suffocation.

Dangerous symptoms:

• Shortness of breath.
  
• Hoarseness of voice.
• Decrease in visual acuity.
• Increased itching and burning sensation in the affected areas.
• Other skin blanching.

If you experience swelling should immediately drink antihistamine medicine if it is at hand, and call an ambulance. Patients with angioedema, doctors prescribe corticosteroids and intravenous antihistamines.

If the cause of edema was the food, the patient is prescribed gastric lavage and medication-sorbents. When the most severe forms of edema - are hospitalized in the intensive care unit.

The most dangerous complication is anaphylactic shock, which can occur instantly. Man sharply turns pale, and then loses consciousness. If no one is near, death is inevitable, because people can not help themselves or call a doctor. In an unconscious state, the pressure in the patient falls, develops tachycardia, then going into cardiac arrest.

Anaphylactic shock, death can occur within minutes. Therefore ambulance acts quickly: the patient intravenously administered antihistamines, corticosteroids, adrenaline. The doctor makes the patient an artificial breathing and chest compressions. After stabilization of the patient is taken to resuscitation.

Antihistamines are harmful to pregnant women. Taking these may cause defects in the developing fetus. But in the absence of treatment with antihistamines are more likely to die and the mother and the child.

Combing the damaged areas can lead to penetration of bacteria into the skin, which will aggravate the inflammation. As a result of scratching may cause abscesses and boils.

Not dangerous, but unpleasant complication of urticaria - marks on the body of the blisters and patches that do not fade with time. Remove them can only cosmetic surgery, such as laser skin resurfacing.

types of diseases

Urticaria: symptoms and treatment vary according to the variety of the disease.

There are many forms of urticaria caused by different reasons:

• allergic - arises from the contact of a person with a certain allergen. Complications of this form of the disease can be fatal. The main cause of allergic urticaria - quantity of adrenaline in the blood that is released after exposure to an allergen.
• Dermograficheskaya - irritation occurs in places where the skin is exposed to mechanical stress: injury, grated, scratch. If you hold the nail on irritated skin, produced pronounced red stripe.
• Slow - developing areas of skin that have been exposed for a long time squeezing. For example, if a person is wearing long trousers smaller, the area of ​​irritation will look like a belt around the waist.
• vibration - occurs when a long exposure of the body vibration, such as when using a jackhammer. Common among construction workers, road workers, miners.
• idiopathic - otherwise known as chronic. The irritation can be caused by any factor. The symptoms of urticaria occur more than a month, the skin irritation periodically disappear but reappear.
• contact - develops when skin contact with certain stimuli. For example, the sting, which gave the name of the disease. Often it occurs as a reaction to clothing or incorrectly selected products for skin care.
• dosage - receiving a consequence of inappropriate medication to the patient. Often it occurs as a reaction to the wrong medication or antibiotics selected based on steroids.
• Solar - develops from ultraviolet rays. Very often it manifests itself after tanning.
• thermal - Unlike solar, the cause is heat rather than ultraviolet light. This disease can occur after a hot shower, bath, sauna.
• cold - rash and redness appear on uncovered body parts in cold weather or when bathing in cold water.
• Akvagennaya - the most unpleasant kind of urticaria. Any disease occurs by contact of the skin with water. It creates a big problem with maintaining personal hygiene.
• stressful - it has a nervous nature. Blisters under stress hives are often surrounded by white rims. Required treatment is not only a dermatologist, but also a psychologist. Need treatment for neurosis, anxiety, depression or other disorders.
• papular - on the skin formed papules, flat mounds of pink or light red in color, do not merge with each other. Papular urticaria predominantly affects the feet and hands.
• pigment - on the skin arise mastocytoma, round spots of brownish-yellow or brownish-red color, with a diameter of 5 cm. Affected areas are reminiscent of orange peel. After treatment the skin may leave traces of mast cells.
• cholinergic - due to excessive hormone synthesis of acetylcholine. The reason for the increased production of acetylcholine can be transferred stress, physical activity and other factors that cause overstrain of all body systems.
  
• food - manifested after eating certain foods or 2 hours after eating. It can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Intensity of symptoms last from 3 hours to 2 days.

pills treatment

Tablets against the hives belong to the category of antihistamines. Banned for pregnant and lactating women. For the treatment of children under 6 years old pills do not apply, you must use an analogue in the form of a syrup or a suspension.

Pills:

• Aerius. 1 tab. per day. To wash down is not necessary. Take to the disappearance of the symptoms, but not more than one month. The medicine is only for adults. Price - from 500 rubles.
• Gismanal. 1 tab. a day on an empty stomach in the morning before eating. Dosage: 10 mg for adults and children over 12 years old, 5 mg for children from 6 to 12 years. admission rate - no more than 7 days. Price - 1000 rubles.
• Klarisens. 1 tab. per day. You can not drink. Dosage: 10 mg for adults and children over 12 years old, 5 mg for children aged 2 to 12 years. If the child's weight exceeds 30 kg, it is possible to use adult dosage. The course of treatment a week or 10 days. Price - from 100 rubles.
  
• Tsetrin. Dosage for adults and children over 6 years: 10 mg once daily or 5 mg twice a day. Duration of treatment: 2 weeks before. Price - from 200 rubles.
• diazolin. Dosage for people over 14 years - 1 tablet containing 100 mg of active substance, taken daily for 1 pc. Children from 3 to 14 years must be taken twice a day, one tablet containing 50 mg of active substance. Course of treatment 3-5 days. Price - 50 rubles.

If urticaria provoked by internal disease, the list of recommended drugs supplemented with other drugs. For example, in the case of stress urticaria physician may prescribe sedatives and antidepressants.

If the disease is caused by helminthic infestation, appointed anthelmintic drugs and so on. D.

Creams and lotions

List:

• fenistil gel. Apply from 2 to 4 times daily until symptoms disappear. Price - from 300 rubles.
• With Lorinden. Apply twice a day. After reducing the symptoms of procedures to reduce 1-2 times. After complete disappearance of symptoms continue to apply ointment for 3-4 days. Price - from 350 rubles.
• Zinc ointment. Can be applied up to 5 times each day. The course lasts until symptoms disappear, but not more than 30 days. Price - 15 rubles.
• Gistan H. Apply the cream should be 2-4 times a day. The course lasts for 14-30 days. Price - from 100 rubles.
  
• prednisolone ointment. Can be applied to the skin 1-3 times. The course of treatment is 6-14 days. Price - 15 rubles.

Treatment of folk remedies

Folk remedies:

• Pour 100 g of raspberry roots 1 liter of water. Bring water to a boil and wait 3 min. Leave for 1 hour. Drink 1 time per day for 100 ml.
• Mix 3 tbsp. l. rosehip and St. John's wort. Add 1 liter of boiling water. Leave for 3-4 hours. Applied as compresses 2-4 times a day.
• Pound the root of marsh calamus powder. To take 1 hour. l. powder 2 times a day.
• Prepare 100 mg decoction of oak leaves, and 1 L of water. Dial the bathroom a comfortable temperature and pour the whole broth. Take a bath for at least 15 min. It can be repeated every day.
• The recipe for the treatment of stress hives - brew 2 tbsp. l. mint in 1 cup boiling water. Drink twice a day.

Diet

Most importantly hives - to remove from the food allergen that causes symptoms of the disease. When non-food urticaria doctors also prescribe a diet. Proper nutrition can improve the body's condition and reduce the severity of symptoms of urticaria.

The menu should be varied. The frequent use of even innocuous product could trigger a new bout of illness.

Patients are allowed to take in food:

• Any cereal - rice, millet, buckwheat, oat, barley, etc...
• Fermented milk products - natural yogurt and cheese without additives.
• Boiled or steamed potatoes.
• Boiled or steamed meat, preferably chicken breast.
• Not sharp and salty cheese.
• Salads and soups without red vegetables.
• Fruits: green apples and pears.
• Not red berries (blueberries, gooseberries, and so on. D.).
• Bran bread.

Strictly prohibited:

• Any nuts and dried fruit;
• Red berries, fruits and vegetables;
• All citrus fruits;
• Milk and eggs;
• semi-finished products;
• Canned;
• Sausage and other smoked products;
• Honey and sweet products;
• Cocoa and coffee;
• Strong black tea;
• Alcoholic beverages.

All other products not mentioned in the lists should be discussed with your doctor. It is necessary to reduce the amount of salt in food and spices to give up. On the treatment of urticaria it is also advisable to give up smoking.

children

Urticaria: symptoms and treatment in children have their own characteristics. For children under 2 years are characterized by an acute form of urticaria, in older can develop chronic. In infants under 6 months of the disease is extremely rare in medical practice marked by isolated cases.

The causes of urticaria in children are the same as in adults: it is a reaction to an external stimulus, or a symptom of an internal disease.

Complications in children develop faster than adults. Young children can not be explained, itchy skin that can not be combed. Scratching leads to increased burning and itching, the child's temperature rises to 39 degrees, which can cause diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, headache.

When the first symptoms of skin irritation should immediately show the child's pediatrician or dermatologist. Treat hives in children under 6 years is recommended specifically designed for children syrups and suspensions. For children over 6 years of age can be used adult tablets in a reduced dosage. The exact dose of drugs for children expects the doctor, depending on the child's weight.

pregnant

In pregnant women, urticaria may appear unexpectedly. The waiting period for a child comes hormonal changes the mother's body. It may be a new allergic reaction to food. Urticaria can also be a cause of increased estrogen production or development of preeclampsia.

Antihistamines are not appointed, if there is no direct threat to the mother. Taking medication for allergies lead to fetal abnormalities. Treatment of urticaria in pregnancy is allowed only ointments and folk remedies, pills, sorbents are allowed to clean the digestive system.

According to doctors, hives - a symptom of allergies and other diseases. Effective treatment of urticaria is only possible with the elimination of the cause of the redness and rashes on the skin. In order to cure hives and avoid complications, you need to undergo a full medical examination of the body.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of hives

disease feature:

Treatment of urticaria folk remedies: