Endometrium by day cycle. Standards thickness in mm for conception, IVF, pregnancy, menopause, long cycle, in the proliferation phase, heterogeneous, 07.04.12 mm. What does it mean

When planning a pregnancy, young couples often face a problem - a small mucosal tissue thickness, covering the wall of the uterus. The Latin word «endometrium» refers to a mucosal surface, fitting inside the female genital organ.

Normal endometrial thickness at the birth of a child varies by day of the ovarian cycle, but sometimes there are disorders that require treatment.

The structure of the endometrium

The wall of the female reproductive organ is a compound of three layers of different tissues:

• serosa (perimeter) The outer surface of body covered.
• In the middle is the myometrium.
• It envelops the endometrium, which covers the inside of the uterus.

The inner surface of the mucous genitals women divided into basal part, which is adjacent to meometriyu and functional inner surface.

The basis of the basal layer is composed of connective tissue cells, blood capillaries and nerve endings, its cells are held tightly together.

It is practically not subject to hormonal transformation. The thickness of this structure in healthy women may be from 1 to 1.5 mm. Menstruation does not affect its structure, at the end of its cycle, the cells grow and restore the functional layer thickness.

functional layer cells are very sensitive to the effects of female hormones. In it continuously changes during the menstrual cycle, and at its end is rejected. Starting cycle followed by recovery of the functional layer due to the basal tissue structure.

Depending on the thickness of the phase-cycle of functional structure varies from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. Its upper part has a compact structure, a lower layer has a spongy structure.

In the woman's uterus of endometrial tissue has the following unique challenges:

• It prevents the fusion of the uterine wall.
• It helps penetrate the embryo in the uterine wall.
• It provides power to the embryo.
• It takes part in blood supply to the placenta.
• It delivers the placenta tissue necessary nutrients.

Stages of endometrial

The development process is controlled uterine endometrial cycle, which occupies the time period from the first day of menstruation before advancing to one day to the next menstruation. He also called a menstrual cycle or ovarian. This period can last 21 to 35 days.

Endometrium, depending on the number of days that went from the beginning of the menstrual period, have different performance standards for its thickness.

Steroid hormones act on the endometrium, which for their acts as a target and cause it to pass four successive stages of development.

following sequential steps take place for the average period equal to the mother 28 days,:

• desquamation period, lasting from 1 to 2 days, which is characterized by regression of the corpus luteum, a sharp drop in the concentration of hormones and spasm of the spiral arteries of the endometrium functional. The collapse of the blood supply results in a superficial tissue ischemia and its exclusion.
• Next regeneration period lasting from 2 to 4 days, followed by activation of the basal portion that directs the additional cells to restore the destroyed inner layer of the uterus.
• Within 5-14 days under increasing estrogen activity extends proliferation stage, characterized cessation of menstruation, the gradual increase in the thickness of the functional part of the endometrium and formation of a dominant follicle ovary.
• The final phase of the cycle duration of 15 to 28 days is called secretion. During this period, hormonal peaks and ripened egg is released from the ovary (ovulation). The outer layer of the endometrium is completely formed. The destruction of the follicle and corpus luteum appears progesterone production begins.

If the fetus conception does not occur the corpus luteum becomes passive, there is cessation of its blood supply, and a new loop iteration.

As for what is measured endometrial thickness

The gynecologist on the medical examination can not determine the size and condition of the endometrium. To do this, ultrasound is assigned, it will slide the on specific days of the mother cycle. Medical Specialist determines the condition of the genital organ of a woman, he has a disease, identify the circumstances that affect the structure and size of the endometrium.

Endometrium on days of the cycle (the internal rules of the uterus thickness are summarized in a special table, which will help determine the state female reproductive function) is measured during ultrasound (US), the inner surface of the female genital authority.

During the menstrual cycle, the thickness of the mucous covering of the female body is changed every day. The endometrium during ovulation gives doctors the information necessary to determine the health of the reproductive system of the female body.

The average normal endometrial development indicators are given in a special table on which a doctor can make a conclusion about the patient's condition. Pathologies is the fact of a significant difference of averages rules from the data obtained.

Table norms endometrial mm by day cycle

The table summarizes the average rates of normal endometrium coating thickness determining the optimal thickness of the inner shell of the female body for enabling pregnancy.

Table of norms of the endometrium:

Stage in the evolution of the endometrium	Refined stage by days cycle day	The size of the functional part of the endometrium, cm
bleeding stage	stage desquamation	From 1 to 2	0.5 to 0.9
regeneration stage	From 3 to 4	0.2 to 0.5
stage proliferation	Starting from step 5 to 7	0.3 to 0.7
The middle stage of 8 to 10	0.7 to 1
The final phase of from 11 to 14	From 1 to 1.4
stage secretion	The beginning stage from 15 to 18	From 1 to 1.6
Mid-stage from 19 to 23	From 1 to 1.8
The final phase of from 24 to 27	From 1 to 1.7

endometrial norms in phases

Developing Endometrial uterine phases corresponds to a particular cycle, and has a different thickness on each growth stage. Using ultrasound, assigned to different points in the menstrual period, the physician monitors the mucosa and estimates the flow of the process.

In accordance with known normal average parameters expert concludes organ health, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body.

bleeding phase

The mother liquor cycle begins with the appearance of menstruation, which is a result of destruction of functional endometrial surface. Bleeding can occur from 4 to 7 days. This stage is divided into two time periods - desquamation and regeneration.

Desquamation (rejection) extends over one, two days and is characterized by mucosal surfaces in size from 0.5 to 0.9 cm.

Then, 3 - 4 hours turns regeneration system that re-creates the destroyed mucosa female organ. This time is characterized by a minimum thickness of functional tissue, the size of which is about 0.2-0.5 cm. Launched retention process is completely rejected restore tissue

proliferative phase

Fifth day of menstrual flow starts proliferation step duration 14 to 16 days, the main task of which develop and enhance new functional structure.

stage:

• initial stage this period is determined endometrial thickness of 5 mm on the fifth day cycle mother liquor and 7 mm after 7 days from the beginning of the menstrual process. The duration of the first stage 3 days.
• the middle stage It takes 2 days and is characterized by active growth of the endometrium cell layer thickness from 0.8 cm to 8 day cycle increases to 1-1.2 cm to 10 day process.
• The final stage proliferation period proceeds 4 days, the mucous membrane is compacted and increases its thickness to 14 day cycle of 10-12 mm, the body forms a dominant ovarian follicle.

The endometrium on days cycle (norm mucosal thickness in the period ranging from 0.3 to 1.4 cm, depending on the flow initial or final stage of the process) of the development in the proliferative phase creates optimal conditions for the reception of the mature egg.

secretory

Secretory phase mother cycle is also divided into three periods, the duration of stage 5 days, 15 to 30 days of the menstrual process.

At this time, the egg falls into the internal cavity of the uterus:

• initial stage proceeds from 15 to 18 day cycle, the normal thickness of the endometrium surface should be in the range of 1.2-1.6 cm.
• In the middle stage a thickening of the functional layer to a maximum value of 1.8 cm., but the mucous size ranging from 14 to 16 mm is also considered normal. The process takes 19 to 24 hours from the beginning of the period of the mother.
• A characteristic feature of late phase acquiring a maximum density of functional tissue, mucous female organ size is reduced to 12 mm. Phase begins on day 24 and the total cycle is terminated on the first day of the next stage.

Norm at delay

Delayed female critical days extend all the mother cycle. Most often this occurs because of hormonal failure, which can be triggered by a stressful situation, malnutrition, endocrine disorders and gynecological diseases.

The endometrium on days cycle (norm thickness averages ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 cm) in menstruation period remains at step secretion.

At this time, not produced by the body the necessary hormones in the required amount, the thickness of the mucosa female body shell does not change, stay at a value corresponding block secretion (1.2-1.4 cm). The functional layer of the endometrium is not destroyed, which explains the absence of bleeding.

Endometrial thickness before monthly

Mucous surfaces female reproductive organ before critical days extends step secretion, its thickness at this stage is 12 m. After the concentration step the hormones estrogen and progesterone becomes maximum functional vessels in tissues exposed to spasm and it destroyed.

The magnitude of endometrial size becomes of the order of 0.3-0.5 cm.

During pregnancy

During ovulation, the ripened egg is released from the ovary and the stage of secretion enters the uterus. Its fertilization during the first day does not increase the size of the endometrium, its thickness is kept constant, only a few weeks mucous size increases to 2 cm. A month after the conception of the child on the ultrasound, you can see the small fruit.

At negative pregnancy tests, ultrasound can be performed during the delay cycle, and if the pregnancy period more than 2-3 weeks, the thickness of the endometrium can say with certainty whether there was a consolidation of the fertilized ovum in the wall uterus. The absence of fertilization leads to a rejection of the mucous membrane of the uterus and the beginning of menstruation.

Normal endometrial thickness with long cycle

Elongation mother cycle may occur due to various reasons:

• Climate Change.
• Hormonal disbalance.
• Inflammatory process.
• Late ovulation.
• Receiving drugs.
• Failure of oral contraceptives (OCs).

If the extension of the menstrual period is not a genetic feature of the woman's body, it is necessary to conduct a medical examination to find out the reasons which provoked the process.

In the absence of pathologies norm on endometrial thickness by stages of the menstrual cycle does not change, the steps are lengthened. In normal ovulation cycle is long does not prevent a woman from getting pregnant.

The rate for the physiological conception and IVF

Due to the fact that the IVF procedure is not natural for a woman's body, so the possibility of conceiving a child is much less than in a natural, physiological process. To increase the likelihood of successful completion of the procedure necessary to prepare in advance the endometrium.

For the successful engraftment of the fetus in the womb of a woman the optimal size of the endometrium should be within 9-11 mm, the deviation from these parameters greatly reduces the chances of successful in vitro fertilization.

The thickness of the female body mucosa is less than 8 mm will not allow the fetus to develop normally, and even if pregnancy occurs the likelihood of miscarriage in the first trimester is very high.

In rare cases, endometrial size is greater than 11 mm, the fertilized egg can not be fixed on the wall of the uterus.

In this case the procedure is canceled due to lack of chances for its success.

What to do when the thickness of non-compliance

The difference between the thickness of the mucosa of the normal values, the relevant phases of the cycle, shows that during uterine endometrium cycle does not feel the necessary hormonal and structural changes.

Such a situation may lead to the impossibility of conceiving a child. It should be examined to investigate the cause of pathology after cupping source disorders, mucous thickness must bounce back.

During menopause

The endometrium on days cycle (thickness standards at this stage 0.5 cm) during menopause thin, it sometimes occurs atrophy, menses cease. If an ultrasound will record a strong deviation from the norm in 5 mm, then the probability of disease is greatly increased.

Endometrium with COC

With combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the reproductive function of the female body affected by different factors.

They are as follows:

• Inhibit oocyte maturation and do not allow the emergence of ovulation.
• Provoke an increase in the viscosity of mucus in the cervix genitals, preventing ingress of sperm into the uterus.
• Aggravate contractile function of the fallopian tubes, possibility of fertilization by blocking egg male seed.
  
• Block recovery of the endometrium after menstruation, making it possible not fixing a fertilized egg to the uterine wall.

At what thickness do curettage

Endometrial hyperplasia is characterized by growth of a functional layer that causes a change in its structure to the active cell division and profuse bleeding. This pathology increases the risk of cancer.

The critical value of endometrial thickness corresponds to 26 mm.

Under these terms the doctor prescribes scraping and subsequent hormonal therapy, which reduces the likelihood of recurrence.

pathologies

The reproductive function of women is directly dependent on the state of the endometrium. The most common diseases of the endometrium - is hypoplasia and hyperplasia. Both deviations in a state of neglect, the woman leads to infertility.

hyperplasia

The development of endometrial hyperplasia pathology accompanied by increasing the thickness of the functional layer the inner shell genitals to 2.6 cm. When this size tissue cells begin to multiply rapidly there is a change in its density and structure. This violation does not give an opportunity to consolidate on the wall of the uterus originated fetus.

This is a violation of a woman's body manifested in failure of menstruation, changes in its duration and intensity of bleeding. This disease can be accompanied by anemia of varying severity, between periods may appear spotting, proliferating tissues become a source of pathogenic cells and various neoplasms.

hypoplasia

Process reverse hyperplasia causes thinning of the endometrium and the functional layer is called hypoplasia. It undermines the reproductive function of the woman and seriously reduces the likelihood of conceiving a child.

This pathology prevents the consolidation of the fetus appeared to the uterine wall, it is a lack of nutrients stunted and die. Thin layer endometrial poorly protects the body against the penetration of infectious organisms and causes the development of inflammation in the female body.

What does the heterogeneous structure of the endometrium?

The emergence of heterogeneity in the structure of the female organ functional tissue indicate a problem occurs in the woman's body in general or specifically in the reproductive system. They can occur due to inflammations and abscesses in the body or hormonal failures.

Symptoms in this deviation is not clear, usually accompanied by:

• uterine violation period;
• pain syndromes during menstruation.

Revealed inhomogeneity on ultrasound functional layer may be a consequence of such diseases:

• polyps - the appearance in the inner cavity of the female body buildup on thin leg having a structure similar to the endometrium.
• submucosal fibroids - the formation of benign tumors, increasing the volume of the uterus.
• Cancer - malignant neoplasm, which initially very poorly diagnosed due to a strong similarity to the fibroids.
• uterine adenomyosis - the appearance of cysts in the cavity of the uterus.

Most often, after careful examination, the doctor appoints medical curettage procedure, using it removes the functional tissue of the endometrium. The operation is performed for a few days before the critical days of women, endometrial ablation is completely regenerated in the next period.

What does it mean endometrial thickness of 4, 7, 12 mm, when it is the norm?

Endometrial thickness was measured during the ultrasound. Size 4 mm is correct in the regeneration step at the beginning of the cycle of the mother, the thickness is 7 mm normal indication at step proliferation in the middle stage, and the size of 12 mm are absolutely normal in step menstrual secretions cycle.

Prevention of thinning and thickening of the endometrium

To prevent the occurrence of these disorders should:

• Try to lead an active and dynamic lifestyle.
• To protect themselves from infection and unintended pregnancy.
• Take in food useful and healthy food, rich in vitamins and trace elements.
• Do not get depressed and avoid stress.
• Visit the gynecologist at least once a year (Pap, US).

Serious attitude towards their health allows women to keep from cycle to cycle, the normal thickness of the endometrium and to become a happy mother.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the normal endometrium by day cycle

What is the rate of endometrial and how to build it: