Bedsores. Home Treatment by stage, treatment of folk remedies, medicines, drugs. An open wound on the buttocks, coccyx, heel. The treat in bedridden patients

Bedsores, occurring in patients with prolonged immobility may be a consequence of anemia, skin dryness, comorbidities and lack of patient care. In addition to medical drugs and treatment is carried out at home, which is directed to the formation of new tissues and purification ulcers.

Bedsores - what is it

During forced immobility in body locations of contact with a solid surface having foci of necrosis of soft tissues. They appear due to insufficient blood supply, are pressed when the small capillaries and blood does not flow to the parts of the body. The resulting disrupted liquid outflow and reduces the supply of oxygen.

Reasons for the formation:

• Inadequate patient care.
• Too much body weight.
• Dry skin.
• Incontinence of urine or faeces.
• Anemia (low hemoglobin in the blood).
• The inability of the patient to independent travel.
• Diet poor in protein food.

Just contribute to the development of pressure ulcers cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, smoking patient, lack of fluid, old age.

pathological stage

The disease there are several stages of development. Each of them has specific characteristics that require special care and treatment.

initial stage

The initial stage may occur within 2-3 hours of the fixed position of the patient.

The first symptoms, which should pay attention:

• dryness and redness of the skin at the site of the pressure;
• when changing the posture redness does not pass;
• numbness in the area of ​​the body, and pain on palpation.

The second stage bedsores

If the formation of bedsores has not been revealed in time, comes the next stage.

Infestation upper skin layer - epidermis:

• skin becomes noticeably thinner;
• in situ formed pressure bubble filled with liquid.

The third stage

Outbreak of disease already grasps the lower layer of the skin and even part of the muscle. At this stage, can join purulent infection.

In this degree is characterized by the following symptoms depending on the location:

• severe skin lesions, visible fatty tissue;
• be on top crust (eschar);
• purulent contents in the wound;
• clearly visible edges of the wound.

The final stage

The most severe degree, during which tissue necrosis occurs. The process involves not only the upper fabric, but also the tendons and even bones. Blood circulation in the affected area is almost broken.

The patient's condition serious:

• deep wound filled with purulent contents;
• change the color of soft tissue necrosis layer among the healthy part.

Step by step procedure for the treatment of pressure ulcers

In the treatment of pressure ulcers in the home, it is important to observe a certain order:

1. Wipe decubitus position with a soft sponge with warm water.
2. Wet a soft towel.
3. Handle disinfectant.
4. Apply Antiacarian agent or drug to increase blood circulation.
5. If necessary, leave for the night.
6. In the morning wash with warm water and soap and dry.

Drug treatment of pressure ulcers

The most effective is the treatment of bedsores medication. These include anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for the restoration of the skin, drugs that improve blood circulation, necrolytic means. At each stage of the development process used those or other drugs.

Preparations in the initial steps of:

• Solkoseril and Aktovegin in pill form, help restore blood circulation.
• Derinat. It improves blood flow to the myocardium, and the lower extremities.

Drugs with a second stage pressure sores:

• chlorhexidine (Antiseptic). Treatment of affected areas several times a day.
• Solkoseril and Aktovegin in the form of ointments or gels, promote restoration of the blood circulation, increase metabolism in tissues.
• Xeroform in the form of powder. It dries wounds, reduces sensitivity, cause the death of harmful bacteria.

Preparations at the third and fourth stages:

• Argosulfan cream that slows the growth of pathogenic organisms, has an analgesic effect and improves the healing process.
  
• ointment IruksolIt purifies decubitus wounds from bacterial colonization.
• Levosin ointment, remove from the wound purulent contents.
• levomekol, Accelerates tissue repair, and has antibacterial properties.
• The metronidazole cream 0.75%, Slowing the growth of microbes.
• hydrogel Intrasite, Relieve the wound of dead tissue residues.

Pharmacy ointments and creams

Medications differ in principle, the mechanism of action, efficacy and side effects.

The most popular drugs for bedsores be considered as a means:

• Hydrocortisone ointment reduces inflammation.
• Algofin except antimicrobial effect, able to restore the damaged tissues.
• Dexamethasone, inhibits the growth of bacteria and has anti-allergic effect.
• Vulnuzan, accelerates the healing of pressure ulcers with suppuration.
• Pirikarbat, improves blood circulation, restores blood flow in the capillaries.
• Tribenozid reduces stagnation in the veins, strengthens blood vessels.
• Bepanten, accelerates the healing of the skin, normalizes metabolism in cells.
• Vinylinum, wound-healing ointment, helps enhance the recovery of the epithelium.
• Kuriozin (hyaluronic acid) stimulates the recovery of the skin cells.
• Trypsin, Chymotrypsin cleave dead tissue, clean the wound of necrotic masses, thin the viscous secretion.
• Terrilitina, it has a positive effect with slow healing of pressure ulcers.

Bandages from bedsores

Bandage from bedsores reduce pain in the area of ​​inflammation, is pulled out of the formed mass purulent wounds, prevent further infection of microbes. They may vary according to the mechanism of action and form.

For getting the drug in the wound more fully use bandages for specific parts of the body.

In the form of a square or a triangle bandage used in easily accessible locations. On the sacrum used bandages in the form of a butterfly or a heart. Shamrock-shaped or butterfly bandages to have a heel

Mechanism of action is divided into cleansing, absorbent and healing. Although this division is conditional. The action is aimed at removing all of the wounds of pus and improve healing.

Title	Mechanism of action
cleansing
Gidrokoll	The active substance has absorption properties that upon contact with the contents of wounds It turns into a gel and thus creates the damaged surface to restore the favorable microclimate epithelium
Gidrosorb comfort	The structure allows the outer layer to protect against the ingress of microbes in the wound maintains optimum moisture content and stimulates the restoration of the epithelium
TenderVet Activiti	It helps remove dead tissue areas and restore damaged skin
Granufleks with fringing	It creates an optimal microclimate in a wound accelerates tissue repair, pulls pus
Comfy plus	It is used for wounds with little suppuration
absorbent
Sorbalgon	It applied to large-area wounds. Completely fills the wound, accelerating its tightening
GidroTak comfort	When wet ulcers draws excess fluid when dry, on the contrary, hydrates surface. It supports the necessary microclimate in the wound
healing
VitaVallis	It helps with chronic, long non-healing wounds. Eliminates itching and soothes the pain. Removes odor. It helps in the treatment, when the use of antibiotics is contraindicated
TM Proteoks	It cleans the wound, promotes tissue oxygen saturation. Easy to remove after use
Multiferm	It stops inflammatory process, has a pronounced antibacterial effect, hypoallergenic, after use delayed wound dressings without scar formation
Ji-Derm	Application is possible on dry skin, when not come wound infection. The dressing is held weekly. The wound is prolonged, leaving no scar
Voskopran	The composition includes beeswax, which action accelerates healing. It can not be used in patients with intolerance to drugs based on bee products
Atrauman	Ointment dressing accelerates epithelial recovery process destroys most pathogens
Comfy plus	It creates a humid microclimate, accelerating tissue repair.
TM Proteoks	It has a cleansing and healing effect, suitable for elderly or debilitated patients

Folk remedies for bedsores

Folk remedies for the treatment of pressure ulcers in the home is very effective. Each patient is different, and the treatment methods suitable for one another may be contraindicated.

Camphor oil

Camphor oil has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cleaning property. It dilates blood vessels and improves the power in the affected tissues. Apply it to be very carefully and I to stage II decubitusAs well as in violation of the integrity of the skin camphor can cause local irritation, pain and enhance the form burns.

Rub the focus of inflammation of soft wet sponge with warm water. Allow to dry. Apply lightly on the damaged area, gently rubbing. You should not press hard when rubbed. The procedure was carried out 2 times a day.

Camphor alcohol and baby shampoo

Similar effect has camphor and alcohol. Use it better in a mixture of baby shampoo, which reduces the irritant effect. Baby shampoos contain sulfates and parabens, negatively impacting both on the damaged skin as well as on the body as a whole.

Recommended to use a mixture of I and II stage bedsores, as well as for their prophylaxis.

Prepare a mixture of camphor and alcohol shampoo 1: 1. Wipe the damaged area with a soft sponge light massage prepared mixture. In the second step the mixture was allowed to stand for 15-20 minutes, then removed. The procedure is best done before the night's sleep to the nutrients more fully entered into the tissues. In the morning, the remains are washed away with warm water.

Compresses with essential oils

Essential oils have a disinfecting and anti-inflammatory properties. As compress take Hypericum palmarosa oil at a concentration of 1: 2. Instead, St. John's wort can take wheat germ oil in the same proportion. Another effective way is a mixture of oils of geranium, myrrh, tea tree, lavender, Petitgrain, St. John's wort macerate in equal proportions.

of oil packs have a positive effect on the stages I and II. First we need to treat the wound. Attach to the place of bedsore in the form of heat through the night. After removing the compress, a warm water rinse. Dry with a soft cloth. It is enough 3-5 procedures.

Ointment of spruce Resin

Spruce gum, called oleoresin has bactericidal properties. Method of preparation of ointment: Take 100g. spruce resin, 100 c. beeswax, 200 gr. natural butter. Heat for 2 hours enamelware, stirring periodically. Hot fill a glass container with a lid. Used in step I and II as the antimicrobial and the reducing agent.

cabbage leaf

Cabbage leaves are used for the first detection problem area. It is necessary to clean with a sponge dampened with a weak alcohol solution, the skin.

Attach the fresh cabbage leaf to the damaged area.

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe has wound-healing effect. It can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of stage III pressure sores even. Leaves are cut along or crumble into small pieces. Applied to the affected area and secured with a gauze bandage. As such leave until morning.

permanganic acid

While potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) has an antiseptic effect, it is not recommended for the treatment of bedsores. It saps the already thin skin that can accelerate the development of bedsores.

Starch

Starch is used in A or prevention of bedsores at the first signs. It allows you to remove the excess moisture from the wound.

It is necessary to pour in place starch damage the thick layer bandage.

Seeding the need to carry out 2 times a day. Before applying the next batch you need to clean the wound.

Potatoes with honey

Raw potatoes contain substances to improve wound healing. In a mixture of honey, which has antibacterial and irritating property means it provides a positive effect.

To make it, you need to grate a raw tubers of medium size. Add a teaspoon of honey. Apply the mixture on the napkin and secured to the site of the lesion. Dressing is applied 2 times a day.

A mixture of petrolatum and calendula

Calendula has antimicrobial activity, accelerates wound tightening. For the preparation of ointments used dried flowers of the plant. Fifteen spoons dried marigold flowers (20 oz.) Ground and mixed with 50 gr. Vaseline. Applied to the pretreated skin 2 times a day. The mixture can also be used with an open wound.

decubitus treatment depending on the location and stage of development of decubitus

bedsore treatment at home, depends on their location in the body of the patient and the extent of the disease.

If the patient is on his side, there are pockets on the hip, ankle, knee, shoulder. At the position of the stomach, the inflammation occurs on the cheeks, pubic. In the supine, decubitus ulcers formed on his heels, sacrum, coccyx, buttocks, shoulder blades, back of the head. Treatment is carried out at the place of their origin.

heels

At stages I and II pressure ulcers will be useful contrast bathing and air baths. They stimulate blood flow and dried skin. To do this, wash and dry the feet, cut off the horny skin using surgical scissors. After the procedure, the treated area with camphor spirit bedsores. Apply drugs that improve blood circulation.

For the prevention of help Antiacarian roller to lift the legs and reduce pressure on the heel.

In the treatment of stage 3-4 have to follow the step sequence. First, you need to disinfect the wound. Then clean it from dead tissues and the pus. There used sterile instruments and disposable cotton swabs. Then applied to the wound regenerative agent that prescribed by the physician.

Buttocks

Buttocks are at increased risk. Here considerable pressure and a high probability of moisture build-up, especially if the patient is spontaneous urination and defecation.

On stage I and II pressure ulcers on the buttocks treatment should begin with in order to restore blood flow. After carrying out hygiene procedures, need to be disinfected with alcohol camphor and apply cream to improve circulation. Good use rubber wheels on bedsores, to reduce pressure on the tissue and increase the flow of oxygen.

In the third and last step involves the purification treatment of wounds and reconstitution of damaged tissue.

Coccyx

Features bedsores on the coccyx that is not at all the muscle tissue, the skin is thin and dry. Under the skin a small layer of subcutaneous fat and bone, exacerbating the disease process flow. As a preventive measure, and used rubber wheels from pressure sores to the skin with oxygen supply.

On stage I pressure ulcers is not necessary to process the alcohol-containing liquids. This leads to even more severe dryness of the skin. Well do compresses and use ointments. In the later stages of the possible surgical intervention as possible violation of bone tissue.

Head

A special feature is the presence of a head wound scalp, which prevents conduct daily hygiene of the scalp in the hair accumulates dead skin cells, dandruff and various fungi. This speeds up the process of inflammation.

Between the bones of the skull and the skin layer is absent subcutaneous fatty tissue, which increases the pressure at the point of contact with the surface, and the close proximity of the brain may lead to death already at stage II decubitus due to its infection.

Skincare head should be particularly careful and be in regular hair washing, at least twice a week.

It is necessary to use drugs, accelerating tissue repair. To reduce the pressure and to restore blood flow using special cushions with foam filler neck under the anti-decubitus cushions enclose.

Care sedentary or bedridden patients at home

Bedsores occur in patients with prolonged immobility. Home treatment includes the proper care of bed-patients. When caring for patients at home should pay special attention to their needs, the overall organization of life, to have a simple skills.

The room should be cool, but not cool. It is necessary to ventilate the room several times a day. The lighting in the room where the patient needs to be done muted. Regularly wet cleaning.

The bed is best positioned so that it was convenient to come to him from all sides.

the status should be monitored every day of the patient, his odor, fluid levels, body temperature, respiration, pulse, pressure. Deviation from the norm indicators will indicate the development of the disease. Meals must be carried out in 5-6 meals in small portions for better digestibility. Food should be a measure of a liquid for ease of chewing and swallowing.

body position during the day the patient should be changed every 2-3 hours. This will improve the overall health and give a small load to the muscles. At least once a day to wipe the body with a soft sponge with warm water. Locations subject to strong pressure, lubricate Antiacarian means. At least two times a week to bathe the patient.

It is important to observe hygiene groin, especially if the patient's spontaneous urination and defecation. You should regularly, at least 2 times a day, spend an intimate hygiene area. If possible, use diapers for adults.

If long stillness arises atrophy of the muscles, so the recumbent man needs massage to improve blood circulation in the muscles and prevent the stagnation of liquid. body rub is best done with each patient turning, but at least once a day. Do not forget about the emotional sphere of the patient's life. During this period, he needs special support and attention.

Mattresses from bedsores

To improve the blood circulation is good to use a mattress from bedsores. The principle of its action is in constant change of pressure exerted on the various parts of the body. This is achieved by injecting and blowing air into the different chambers of the mattress. position of the body at the same time is constantly changing, which improves blood flow and does not form bedsores.

Followed by bedsores rubber

Followed by bedsores are made of different materials, including hypoallergenic rubber. It is used to treat existing bedsores in the sacral area on the buttocks. The circle is placed under the patient so that the hollow portion inside the circle was a wound. It helps increase blood flow to the site of bedsores and does not come into contact with the wound surface, thus speeding up the healing process.

Special cushions

Pillows from bedsores are used as a prophylactic measure. They have different fillers, depending on the area of ​​application and method of use.

Reduce the pressure on the fabric in the inflammation and thereby improve blood flow.

Help maintain correct posture by relaxing the muscles and spine. Have a massage effect.

Changing the patient body position

One of the most important preventive measures is a change in the patient's body position. Change of posture and gravity transfer to other areas of the body has a positive effect on blood circulation in the muscles and overall health.

Flip the bed patient should be every 2-3 hours. This should be done so that no injury occurred. It is necessary to alternate the places to which he will rotate: right side, left side, stomach. After turning the patient must fix its position via pads or rollers, and then can start or massage hygiene procedures.

Massage with bedsores

The main purpose of massage - is to restore blood circulation in problem areas. The procedure is performed with the use of creams and oils that create added value and reduce irritation when exposed to the skin.

Massage technique:

1. You should start with strokes. Pressure on the body should be negligible. perform 2-3 minutes time.
2. The next stage is grinding. The pressure force is increased, improving blood circulation. 4-5 minutes.
3. Shaking. Fingers gripped the muscle along the muscle fibers, slightly pulls. Movements should not be too intense, so as not to cause tension and pain in the patient. 2-3 minutes.
4. Vibration. It carried out an open hand, gradually increasing intensity. 5-6 minutes.
5. fulling performed after relaxing the muscles to better effect. 10-12 minutes.

Massage not only reduces the risk of pressure sores, but also improves the general condition of the patient.

Power to eliminate bedsores

In the formation of pressure ulcers the patient's body needs a lot of protein. Therefore, the products in the diet should be selected with this requirement.

These include:

• Eggs.
• Boiled chicken.
• Steam cutlets.
• Fish.
• Beef.
• Turkey.

The food must be present vitamins, especially B vitamins

They are kept in:

• Liver.
• Nuts.
• Cereals: rice, buckwheat.
• Vegetables, especially cabbage.
• Milk products.

Do not forget about water. On the day you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid.

From what should be abandoned:

• Alcohol.
• Smoked and salted products.
• Fatty food.
• Sweet drinks.
• Foods that can cause allergic reactions.

To the risk of bedsores is reduced and the recovery process is already existing proceeded faster patient meals should be balanced. bedsore treatment at home is not only possible but also very effective, provided that the conditions of correct application and special attention to the needs of the patient.

Author of the article: Rogozhnikova Elena P. (sararichel)

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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