The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.
Chronic Pharyngitis is a disease wherein inflammation develops permanent pharyngeal mucosa.
Proceeds chronic pharyngitis in adults with periods exacerbations and remissions.
Provoke the exacerbation may acute viral infections, chronic physical and mental strain, decrease the body's defenses.
Causes
There are the following reasons for the development of chronic pharyngitis:
- frequent respiratory viral infections;
- insufficiently treated cases of acute pharyngitis;
- prolonged exposure to irritants to the mucosa of the pharynx, upper respiratory tract infections;
- chronic inflammatory diseases (sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries teeth rhinitis);
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Pancreatitis);
- state after tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils);
- alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking;
- violation of nasal breathing (deviated septum, polyps and adenoids);
- eating spicy, hot food.
Kinds
Isolated in chronic pharyngitis three clinical forms of the disease:
- Bluetongue;
- hypertrophic (granulosa);
- atrophic.
Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis form is most favorable for the disease. In this case, the inflammation of the surface layers of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, characterized by moderate edema.
Hypertrophic form is manifested in the form of excrescences pharyngeal mucosa (nodules, hillocks).
Atrophic form is the most unfavorable form of chronic pharyngitis. In this case, the pharynx mucous thinner shell is dry. Treatment of this form takes a very long time.
Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis
In the presence of an adult chronic pharyngitis in his experience the following symptoms:
- persistent sore throat;
- sore throat;
- foreign body sensation in the throat;
- pain during swallowing;
- a dry, nonproductive cough frequent;
- presence of halitosis.
The remission of the disease in a patient there are only local signs of illness. For acute pharyngitis characterized by the development of the organism intoxication (fever, weakness, malaise), increased local signs of disease.
For catarrhal form characterized by more severe sore throat that amplify after supercooling in viral infections, after exhaustion. On examination, it is visible mucosal congestion, edema.
With the development of an adult or hypertrophic pharyngitis granulosa form in the first place are the complaints about the feeling of a foreign body in the throat. In granulosa form can be detected random, chaotic proliferation mucosa in the form of nodules, elevations. A form is observed in hypertrophic thickening mucosa without forming nodules.
When atrophic form of chronic pharyngitis patients have mostly complaints:
- dry throat;
- hacking cough;
- constant discomfort in the throat.
On examination, you can see the thinned pharyngeal mucosa, dry mucosa, scabs, small hemorrhages.
During exacerbations may be symptoms of inflammation adjacent organs (laryngitis, Tracheitis, tonsillitis).
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis is based on a thorough inquiry and examination of the patient.
Be sure the doctor spends pharyngoscope - examination of the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
In this case, it can detect the characteristics of any of the forms of chronic pharyngitis.
Thus, during the catarrhal form can be detected following changes posterior pharyngeal wall:
- redness;
- swelling;
- a small amount of mucus.
For hypertrophic form is characterized by the following changes in the mucous membrane of the pharynx:
- thickening, swelling;
- developed venous network (congestion);
- when granulosa hypertrophic shape detected and thus nodules red to 0.5 cm.
When atrophic form revealed the following changes in the mucous membrane of the pharynx:
- thinning;
- dryness;
- brown;
- small hemorrhages;
- pale pink coloring.
In order to determine the causative agent take a scraping from mucosal membranes of the rear wall of the pharynx, conduct microscopic examination.
The general analysis of blood during remission of the disease may not be any changes, and general signs of inflammation are determined during exacerbation (increase in white blood cells, ESR).
Treatment of chronic pharyngitis
chronic pharyngitis treatment is carried out by a doctor otolaryngologist.
Performed outpatient treatment, hospitalization is not required.
Treatment should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a specialist, with all the prescribed recommendations must be followed strictly.
The first step is to remove all the harmful effects on the mucous membrane of the pharynx:
- exclusion of acute, salty, hot, cold food;
- inhaling harmful, irritating substances;
- elimination of alcohol;
- to give up smoking.
For the entire period of treatment is recommended to observe abundant drinking regime.
It is necessary to maintain the humidity of the inhaled air into the room at a sufficient level (50-70%).
This can be done by means of special devices - ultrasonic humidifiers or traditional methods - you can hang wet sheets in the room, place the container with water.
An effective therapeutic effect is gargling following means:
- decoction of chamomile, sage, calendula;
- Miramistin;
- Rotokan;
- Furatsilin.
antihistamines are prescribed to reduce the swelling of tissues:
- diazolin;
- Tsetrin;
- Zyrtec;
- fenistil;
- Suprastin.
Also throat treatment applied:
- protargola;
- Lugol's solution.
Apply local antiseptic agents:
- Geksoral;
- Ingalipt;
- bioparoks;
- Stopangin.
Antibacterials are accepted only during exacerbations of the inflammatory process with proven bacterial nature. The following are preferably used antibacterial agents:
- amoxiclav;
- Flemoksin Soljutab;
- Hemomitsin;
- klatsid;
- Cefixime.
Self antibacterial drugs may conversely lead to the progression of the disease.
The following types of treatment used in the presence of hypertrophic pharyngitis granulosa:
- Cauterization with silver;
- Laser coagulation (laser cauterization granules);
- Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen).
Necessarily performed taking medication aimed at restoring pharyngeal mucosa microflora:
- Lizobakt;
- Imudon;
- IRS-19.
In the treatment of atrophic pharyngitis generate the following methods:
- removal of crusts with the mucosa;
- lubrication pharyngeal mucosa buckthorn, peach, apricot oil.
Effective use in chronic pharyngitis inhalation oily solutions, can be used for this purpose:
- Peach oil;
- olive;
- rose oil;
- mentha oil.
Apply and hardware methods of physiotherapy:
- laser therapy;
- magnetic therapy;
- UFO;
- Electrophoresis drugs;
- ultrasound therapy.
complications
Incorrectly or unfairly treated pharyngitis is fraught with inflammation spread to adjacent organs with the development of the following diseases:
- tonsillitis;
- laryngitis;
- tracheitis;
- bronchitis;
- regional lymphadenitis.
It is also possible the development of systemic inflammatory diseases:
- glomerulonephritis;
- myocarditis;
- rheumatism.
The most serious complication of chronic atrophic pharyngitis is the transition into a malignant form - cancer.
prevention
Preventive measures include:
- smoking cessation and alcohol;
- avoid inhalation of harmful substances;
- timely and fully treat severe forms of pharyngitis, other inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx;
- to treat concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- acute rejection of hot and cold food.
1. Instructions for medical use the drug Salvia lozenges
2. Allergic reactions - for medical application according to instructions
