Endometritis - an inflammatory disease of the inner (mucosal) lining of the uterus (endometrium).
This shell is very important in the functioning of the female body, as namely its buildup in the first phase of the menstrual cycle and rejection are the basis for the second menstruation process. Endometrium plays a key role in regulating the development of the embryo in the early stages, to ensure the conditions for its attachment to the uterine wall. Therefore, any structural changes it entails first of all a violation of the process of menstruation and reproductive functions.
Causes
The main condition of endometritis is getting into the uterine cavity (ideally sterile) pathogens that there are favorable environment for growth and development. This occurs most often after childbirth, abortions, Curettage and other intrauterine manipulations, when the risk is greatest hit pathogens.
Other factors that provoke endometritis, are:
- decreased immunity;
- avitaminosis;
- presence of chronic infections;
- failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
- sexual intercourse during menstruation;
- injury to the uterus and cervix;
- the use of an intrauterine device.
According to the clinical picture distinguish two forms of the disease - acute and chronic.
symptoms of endometritis
The acute form
Most often occurs after childbirth and abortion. Symptoms appear 3-4 days after infection penetration into the uterus. In acute endometritis marked weakness, malaise, abdominal pain, rapid pulse, fever up to 38-38,5 ° C, and an increase in uterine induration, pain when her probing. Allocation muddy, abundant, with a putrid odor. Uterine bleeding are possible. In severe cases can develop pyometra (accumulation of pus in the uterus).
If wrong or defective treating acute endometritis may become chronic.
The chronic form
It arises as a consequence of diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, or with acute endometritis. The chronic form may proceed hidden and do not have clinical manifestations - then the diagnosis is based on laboratory data.
Among the most common form of chronic endometritis symptoms - irregular menstrual cycle selection before and after menstruation, the appearance of light scant serous discharge, mild pain in loin.
In this form of the disease are observed structural changes in the endometrium, associated with impaired tissue or power cyst formation. Therefore, in women with chronic endometritis uncommon infertility or miscarriage t. To. The fertilized egg can not attach to the uterine modified shell.
endometritis treatment
Usually, endometriosis is treated in the hospital and only under medical supervision. Self-medication can lead to further spread of the infection, cause of infertility. In cases where the cause of endometritis are the remains of the ovum after a failed abortion or parts of the placenta after delivery, removes these elements and uterine lavage aseptic solutions.
Since the main cause of the disease is a microbial infection in a complex treatment be sure to include antibiotics, in accordance with the sensitivity of the pathogen to him or antibiotics a wide spectrum.
Typically, they use various combinations of drugs, for example metronidazole (metrogil) intravenously intramuscularly and gentamicin. This helps to achieve greater efficiency in the case where the disease is caused by several species of microorganisms.
Successfully used in the treatment of severe endometritis and cephalosporins III generation: ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone et al., as well as imipenem / cilastatin and meropenem having ultrawide spectrum antimicrobial actions. Due to their high effectiveness and low toxicity of these drugs help replace the combination of several antibiotics. The duration of therapy is determined by the weight and condition of the patient continues until complete victory over disease agent.
In addition to antibacterial drugs prescribed as necessary range of other therapeutic measures: pain relievers, antispasmodics and hemostatic preparations, intravenous drip solutions, accelerate the excretion of toxins from body.
In the treatment of endometritis it is very important to increase the body's resistance. Assign vitamins, drugs that normalize cellular metabolism, improves immunity - interferon drugs (kipferon or viferon), as well as injections of normal human immunoglobulin.
One of the leading places in the treatment of endometritis belongs procedures to facilitate the activation of blood circulation in the pelvic organs, stimulating their function. Used magnetic therapy, pulsed ultrasound, electrophoresis iodine and zinc, warming UHF, mud, paraffin and ozokeritnye application on the abdomen.
After a course of anti-inflammatory therapy is recommended within a few months of taking oral contraceptives (Novinet, Diane-35, Janine). They have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and help to normalize the menstrual cycle. In addition, women avoid unwanted pregnancies, and therefore abortions, which can lead to an exacerbation of the process.
In most cases, early treatment leads to good results, thus avoiding the complications of pregnancy and childbirth.
prevention
Prophylaxis of endometritis in women at high risk of developing the disease (e.g., after caesarean section) includes receiving antimicrobials.
Prevention of post-treatment is based on the observance of sterility during uterine manipulation, childbirth, abortion, respect for sexual health. Be sure to regularly monitored by a gynecologist (preventive check-ups at least twice a year) in order to quickly identify the inflammatory infection. In order to avoid exacerbations of endometritis is important to strengthen the immune system.
