The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.
Laryngitis - long inflammatory process in the mucous membranes of the larynx. About chronic course of laryngitis say when the disease occurs more than three weeks.
Cure chronic laryngitis is much more difficult than acute form laryngitis. Very often it occurs in conjunction with laryngitis chronic pharyngitis, Tracheitis.
Causes
Develop chronic laryngitis in adults under the influence of the following factors:
- presence of foci of chronic infections (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci) - sinusitis, adenoiditis, dental caries, rhinitis, pharyngitis;
- frequent hypothermia;
- frequent acute inflammatory respiratory diseases;
- violation of nasal breathing due to the curvature of the nasal septum, polyps (Constant mouth breathing);
- impact industrial dust in hazardous occupations;
- accommodation in large industrial metropolitan areas;
- high voice load, such as a speaker or instructor work;
- long-term excessive smoking;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (reflux esophagitis);
- long stay in the rooms with dry air.
Provoke an aggravation of chronic laryngitis can and viral infections.
Kinds
There are three known types of chronic laryngitis in adults:
- catarrhal;
- atrophic;
- hypertrophic.
Read more about the features of each kind - in the "Symptoms" section.
Flowing all kinds of chronic laryngitis with periods of remissions and exacerbations of the disease.
Symptoms of chronic laryngitis
The main clinical manifestations of chronic laryngitis are the following symptoms:
- feeling sore throat;
- hoarseness;
- cough;
- feeling of dryness;
- reduction voices in the evening, up to Athos.
Manifestations of chronic laryngitis depends largely on the type of disease.
Catarrhal chronic laryngitis
So catarrhal form of chronic laryngitis develops with frequent acute laryngitis in adults.
The patient has the symptoms are not expressed in nature, can be:
- a small dry cough;
- feeling a tickle, tickle in the throat;
- there is a slight redness of the mucous membrane of the larynx;
- deepening of the voice in the evening.
With the development of acute catarrhal laryngitis in adults there are all signs of acute laryngitis, increased cough, aphonia, discharge of mucus by coughing.
atrophic form
For atrophic type of chronic laryngitis it is characteristic of the development of thinning of the mucous membranes of the larynx. This form develops long.
The patient develops a constant feeling of dryness and tickling in the larynx, due to the dryness of mucous cough occurs frequently.
It can be released when coughing viscous sputum trudnootdelimaya.
In the larynx following symptoms can be found on the mucous membranes:
- reddish-gray color of the mucous;
- hyperemia portions on the surface of the vocal cords;
- brown with a yellowish tinge;
- scabs occur when branch eroded portions of the mucous membranes;
- there may be portions punctate hemorrhages.
hypertrophic form
For the type of hypertrophic chronic laryngitis is characterized by the presence of these symptoms:
- feeling of a foreign object into the larynx;
- pain in the larynx during conversation;
- severe hoarseness;
- cough;
- gray-red hue of the mucous larynx;
- thickening of the vocal cords;
- can develop and thickening of mucus in the subglottic larynx area;
- formed nodules, bumps on the mucous membranes of the larynx.
Gipervtrofichesky chronic laryngitis is a precancerous condition, very often it leads to the development of cancer of the larynx.
Diagnostics
If any of the symptoms of chronic laryngitis requires mandatory consultation otolaryngologist.
The following measures for diagnosis:
- laryngoscopy - examination of the mucous larynx using mirrors and endoscopic devices;
- specified features of the disease;
- identifies possible factors contributing to the development of chronic laryngitis;
- in the presence of hypertrophic changes on the vocal cords, a biopsy is performed nodules, bumps, areas of thickening laryngeal mucosa;
- on computer or magnetic resonance imaging can be performed as needed.
If there is suspicion of malignant laryngeal patient consultation process is directed to a oncologist.
Treatment of chronic laryngitis
In the treatment of chronic laryngitis it plays an important role kind of pathological process.
There are general guidelines for the treatment of any form of chronic laryngitis:
- voice rest for a while marked changes, and then reduce the load on the ligaments of the larynx;
- rejection of bad habits;
- avoid inhalation of harmful substances in industrial production, the use of personal protective equipment;
- Timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx, teeth, organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
- regular airing of the premises;
- Use humidifiers to maintain normal respiratory air humidity;
- exception of hot, spicy, salty, cold products.
In the first place in the presence of chronic laryngitis is necessary to eliminate all the negative effects.
Antibiotic therapy is preferably carried out only in the development of exacerbations, this means the following apply:
- augmentin;
- flemoksin;
- Hemomitsin;
- cefixime;
- Ceftriaxone.
Restore the normal microflora in the presence of catarrhal laryngitis type, you can use:
- Lizobakt:
- DCI-19;
- Immudon;
- Broncho-Vaks;
- Immunal.
In exacerbations also apply local antiseptic agents:
- Geksoral;
- Miramistin;
- Ingalipt;
- Strepsils;
- Falimint.
Good help in the treatment of chronic laryngitis inhalation using a nebulizer, the following means:
- mineral water;
- saline;
- Lasolvan.
In atrophic laryngitis
With the development of atrophic laryngitis apply inhalation trypsin and chymotrypsin, they help to restore the mucous membrane of the larynx.
Also required in the presence of atrophy and signs used following treatment:
- electrophoresis;
- laser therapy;
- vitamin.
In hypertrophic laryngitis
With the development of hypertrophic laryngitis conservative treatment is carried out using the above means, and also used for stopping exposure of tissue overgrowth. These include the use of the following means:
- zinc sulfate;
- collargol;
- sea buckthorn oil;
- hormonal preparations.
When failure of conservative therapy of hypertrophic chronic laryngitis performed surgery.
Is currently conducting laser removal of formations on the mucous membranes of the larynx. If massive sprawl, diffuse, then spend their partial removal (the thickest sections).
After surgery remote areas of tissue necessarily investigated, it is done to eliminate the cancer process.
complications
Complications are rare chronic laryngitis, only in the absence of treatment and continuing effects of negative factors:
- paresis of the vocal cords (disturbed motor activity of the larynx);
- occurrence of kinks largely glottis narrowing of the lumen;
- loss of voice;
- formation of benign and malignant neoplasms of the larynx.
prevention
To prevent the formation of chronic laryngitis is necessary to observe the following guidelines:
- to give up smoking;
- exception of alcohol, spicy, hot, cold food;
- Treatment of chronic infection foci;
- compliance load on the vocal cords;
- improving immunity;
- personal respiratory protection in the workplace.
