Often a cervical erosion is meant ectopy (pseudo) which belongs to the background benign cervical disease. That's about it will be discussed in the article.
When people talk about cervical erosion, then we have in mind the defects of the mucous membrane of the vaginal portion of the cervix. This may be an ulcer or ulceration, but most of all - the substitution of one type of epithelium by another.
Erosion usually occurs in women of childbearing age, ie up to about 40 years.
Kinds
There are three types of cervical erosion:
Congenital erosion.
It is diagnosed in adolescent girls and young women, it looks like a bright red education around the external os.
True erosion.
It is a defect (ulceration) of the epithelium that covers the visible part of the cervix. There is this kind of erosion for long, a maximum of 2 weeks, after which it disappears, either alone, or passes in cervical pseudo. True erosion appears as a bright red spot around the external os, reaching about a centimeter in diameter and has a distinct edge.
Pseudo or ectopia.
It is formed by columnar epithelium, which should pave the cervical canal, while the vaginal part of the cervix in normal stratified squamous epithelium covers. In other words, there is a replacement of epithelium by another.
Causes
The reasons that lead to cervical pseudo are many and varied. These include:
- cervical injury (neck damage during abortions, Childbirth or rough syringing);
- early sex life or, conversely, later than its beginning;
- promiscuous sex;
- genital infections;
- cervical disease (cervicitis, Neck strain, etc.);
- hormonal imbalance and endocrine pathology;
- weakened body defenses;
- birth in adolescence (16 years);
- genetic predisposition;
- failure to comply with hygiene rules or overreliance on her (deep caving).
Symptoms of cervical ectopia
Often the erosion of the cervix are asymptomatic, that is, the disease does not manifest itself. As a rule, it is a random finding during gynecological examination, why should visit the gynecologist twice a year.
However, in some cases, cervical ectopia makes itself felt. Firstly, it may increase vaginal leucorrhea that usually do not have an unpleasant smell, and at accession infection, often accompanied by pseudo, allocation change their character: becoming cheesyGreenish purulent etc. Accordingly, it becomes another and smell.
Second, some women suffer from contact bleeding (eg, after intercourse or douching). They are not abundant, bright red, stop quickly.
Third, the patient may complain of slight or moderate abdominal pain.
When viewed in the mirrors doctor immediately see an uncharacteristic red spot around the external os, which leads him to the idea of cervical ectopia.
Diagnostics
It is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of cervical ectopia, not to confuse it with the ectropion, True erosion erythroplakia and cervicitis. If a woman is pregnant, it is necessary to distinguish the bloody contact isolation from the threat of interruption.
Apply the following methods of diagnosis of ectopia:
- examination of the vaginal portion of the cervix in mirrors and taking a smear from the cervix and the vaginal part of the cervix at onkotsitologiyu (abnormal cells);
- colposcopy with samples;
- target biopsy (under control colposcope small piece of tissue is taken from the most suspicious area);
- inspection on all (desirable) infections, sexually transmitted (Human Papilloma Virus, chlamydia, ureaplasmas, Herpes infection, etc.);
- blood on syphilis (Ectopia chancre can appear on the cervix);
- blood for HIV and hepatitis;
- hormonal tests (if indicated);
- smear on the flora.
Treatment of cervical ectopia
Treatment of cervical ectopia carries gynecologist.
If sexual infections, you must first carry out the necessary specific therapy were detected during the survey.
Before the treatment of pseudo prophylactically prescribe anti-inflammatory suppositories short course (3-5 days), for example, Polizhinaks or betadine. Ectopia therapy is prescribed for 5-7 days of the menstrual cycle.
There are several treatment methods, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages:
1. Chemical coagulation.
This method belongs to the conservative. The essence of the chemical coagulation consists in treating pathological nidus mixture of acids (Solkovagina) which cause a burn and scab formation.
The advantages of chemical coagulation are complete or almost complete painless, low cost, the ability to use in nulliparous women, the ease of use.
Outs of the method can be called frequent relapses of the disease and the inability to cauterize large erosions.
2. laser treatment.
The affected area is treated with a laser beam, under the action of pathological cells which evaporated liquid, and they are destroyed.
Pros laser vaporization - is painless cure (elimination of relapses), rapid regeneration of the cervix without scar formation. Also, after laser therapy are practically no complications, the method can be recommended to nulliparous women.
The disadvantages are the high cost of using a laser, and the need for special equipment.
3. Method of radio wave surgery ( "Surgitron" device).
Electric waves are converted into radio waves, which, falling into the soft tissue, lead to pathological evaporation of fluid cells and their destruction.
The advantages of this method is the absence of pain during the treatment and healing of the cervix, the accelerated the recovery process without the formation of scar and scab, the possibility of applying in nulliparous patients.
The disadvantage of the method is the lack of "Surgitron" device in some antenatal clinics.
Cryodestruction.
The method consists in the treatment of cervical liquid nitrogen: freezing occurs pathological cells, crystals are formed which lead to cell destruction and necrosis.
The advantages cryodestruction are painless, the possibility of treating ectopic nulliparous women, bloodless.
Disadvantages: the possibility of relapse, occurrence of bleeding in the postoperative period, the inability to treat extensive erosions.
4. Diathermy.
Diathermocoagulation - a processing electrocution neck followed by scab formation. The method is not widely applied at the present time due to the pronounced disadvantages: scar deformity of the neck, high risk complications during and after surgery, prolonged healing, pain, inability to use nulliparous women. Of the benefits can be called only one: the admissibility of the application for Electro conization (the procedure of taking a small portion of the uterus for further study).
After treatment the ectopic or otherwise administered for 7-10 days Wound healing candles and tampons (with levomekol, methyluracil).
Consequences and outlook
If erosion is not treated for a long time, it can be transformed into cervical cancer. Furthermore, untreated ectopia promotes adherence infections.
Weather favorable.
