Premenstrual syndrome - a set of symptoms that appear in the second half of the menstrual cycle for a few days before menstruation. With this state is facing one in five women aged 30 years and every second - after. Symptoms appear on both the physical and the mental level and can be very different in different women.
Causes
At present, the exact causes of PMS are not installed. There are many theories that explain the emergence of symptoms, but none of them covers the whole complex. The most complete is currently considered a hormonal theory that the cause of PMS is a change in the hormonal balance, caused by the higher level estrogen and the level of reduction progesterone.
One possible factor is the premenstrual syndrome of deficiency disease, in particular vitamin deficiency B6, A and trace elements calcium, magnesium and zinc. It is also important genetic factor m. E. the nature of occurrence of PMS can be inherited.
The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
There are about 150 different PMS symptoms, which also can occur in different combinations than substantially complicate diagnosis. On the basis of the main symptoms, identify several forms of the syndrome:
- neurodevelopmental;
- cephalgic;
- edematous;
- krizovoe.
neuropsychiatric form characterized by abnormalities in the nervous and emotional spheres. It is characterized by emotional instability, tearfulness, irritability, aggression, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, Apathy, causeless melancholy, depression, suicidal thoughts, olfactory and auditory hallucinations, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, memory loss. Also recorded violations of appetite, bloating, pain and breast enlargement.
at cephalgic form dominated by vegetative-vascular and neurotic symptoms: migraine, throbbing headache, often accompanied by nausea or vomiting, swelling of the eyelids, diarrhea. About a third of women heartbeat quickens, there is pain in the heart, nervousness, increased sensitivity to smells and sounds. This form is more common in women who have in the past head injuries, frequent stress, infectious diseases of the nervous system.
The main manifestation of premenstrual syndrome the edematous form becomes fluid in the body and, as a consequence, facial swelling, limb, breast, weight gain, sweating, thirst, decreased urination, itching, dysfunctions digestion, constipation, Diarrhea, bloating.
When krizovoe forms marked simpato-adrenal crises (A condition caused by increased levels of adrenalin), which occur with an increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, panic attacks, numbness, and cold extremities. There may be pain in the heart, without ECG changes. Usually, the end of the attack is accompanied by copious diuresis. Fatigue and stress can be a factor in provoking attacks. This form of premenstrual syndrome - the most difficult and requires a compulsory medical intervention.
Diagnostics
Due to the variety of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome diagnosis can be very difficult. The main diagnostic criterion is the cyclical nature of the complaints and their disappearance after menstruation. A study in hormone levels (estrogen, progesterone, prolactin) In the blood helps to establish a form of premenstrual syndrome. It is recommended to go through the procedure of electroencephalography (EEG).
For accurate diagnosis it is recommended examined by doctors of various specialties - endocrinologist, neurologist, cardiologist, therapist, psychiatrist.
PMS Treatment
For the treatment of PMS used medications and non-drug methods.
For non-drug methods include, first of all, psychotherapy. A woman should observe the regime, to avoid undue stress and have a good rest and sleep.
Recommended diet high in vegetable and animal protein, fiber and vitamins. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to limit the consumption of coffee, chocolate, alcohol, sugar, salt, animal fats, and carbohydrates. Help alleviate the condition of regular exercise, therapeutic aerobics, massages.
Among medical methods play a major role of hormone therapy drugs - progesterone analogues. Edema and cephalgic forms recommended antiprostaglandinovye drugs - indomethacin, Naprosyn.
Since for any form of premenstrual syndrome neuropsychiatric manifestations present in the second phase Cycle a few days before the onset of symptoms prescribed sedatives and psychotropic drugs - tazepam, rudotel and etc. These drugs belong to a group of tranquilizers, so they should be used only under medical supervision.
The edematous form PMS used antihistamines (tavegil, diazolin). Assign veroshpiron 25 mg 2-3 times a day for several days before the onset of symptoms. This drug has a potassium-sparing diuretic action and lowers blood pressure.
When cephalgic and krizovoe forms used drugs that normalize the synthesis of hormones, e.g., Parlodelum (at 1.25-2.5 mg per day) during the second phase of the cycle. When the pain and breast tenderness recommended application prozhestozhelya - gel containing progesterone.
The beneficial effect provides the use of vitamins E and B6, calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and the amino acid tryptophan. Good effect in the treatment of give alternative methods - acupressure (pressure point massage), aromatherapy.
Treatment of premenstrual syndrome - a long process, which lasts about 6-9 months, repeated in case of recurrence. In rare cases, treatment can last the entire reproductive period. To be most effective it is necessary to strictly respect and the doctor's instructions.
prevention
The basis for the prevention of premenstrual syndrome is to respect the work and rest, reducing psycho-emotional stress. It is important to eliminate factors - provocateurs poor health. It is recommended to limit the consumption of coffee, tea, alcohol and chocolate, especially late in the cycle. Instead, we recommend foods rich in fiber, herbal teas, juices (especially carrot, lemon and pineapple). It is necessary to increase the content of vitamin B6 in the daily diet. It is found in liver, fish, walnuts and soybeans.
Forecast
Be administered symptomatic therapy usually leads to improvement of the second half of the menstrual cycle.
