Synovitis - an inflammatory disease of the synovium of joints or ligaments, limited its borders, with accumulation in the cavity of the inflammatory exudate - exudate.
Synovium surrounding the joints and ligaments, providing them with integrity and protection, highlights the lubricant to reduce friction and damping when driving. Most often the disease develops in the large joints (knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, ankle, and wrist).
Kinds
Synovitis is an infectious or non-infectious.
Infectious synovitis occurs when penetration into the synovium cavity through the bloodstream or lymph pathogen, for example from another outbreak of an infectious inflammation in the body.
In other words, it can be a complication of inflammatory processes, such as tuberculosis, syphilis, pyelonephritis, Angina (acute or chronic tonsillitis). It can also develop in penetrating into the cavity of the synovial membrane injury.
Noninfectious (aseptic) synovitis are:
- Traumatic (due to one-time or permanent joint trauma or ligament, most commonly found in athletes and patients hemophilia).
- Allergic (rarer may develop after infectious diseases such as angina, pneumonia, bronchitisOr because of constant exposure to allergens).
- Against the background of endocrine changes (in people with diabetes or other metabolic disorders).
- Neurogenic (strong stress disorders or neurological complications - neuritis peripheral nerves, nerve damage or impairment in scoliosis, fractures, tumors).
symptoms of synovitis
For synovitis is characterized by loss of one joint or ligament, in rare cases, the disease is multiple.
Common symptoms of synovitis
- Joint swelling and smoothing circuit
- pain under load, reducing the amount of movement in the affected area
- general increase in body temperature, or local increase in skin temperature in the lesion
- general weakness, malaise.
Some of these symptoms may be expressed more strongly than others, but in infectious synovitis signs will always be more pronounced than in non-infectious.
The symptoms of the infectious form
Infectious synovitis in most cases begins acutely, with a sharp increase in body temperature more than 38 °, the appearance of pain and feeling of fullness in the joint.
Within a few hours after the joint swells, symptoms of intoxication - pale skin, weakness, restlessness, headache, in rare cases, can be single vomiting.
Signs of non-infectious form
Non-infectious synovitis develops less rapidly, with considerable variation of symptoms, depending on the cause of the disease.
In most cases, the first sign of discomfort is in the area of the damaged joint and the occurrence of pain during its load.
The development of the disease occurs within a few days, sometimes it takes more than a week, with the gradual appearance of puffiness, increase of pain, joint deformity.
In cases of lung flow periods are possible disappearance of symptoms which, together with the absence of stress, sometimes lead to self-healing.
Diagnostics
To confirm the diagnosis is performed puncture (anesthesia and consisting in piercing the joint cavity, followed by fine needle fence synovial fluid, its microscopic and cytological examination to determine the cause of the disease, and detection of a pathogen punctate - its sensitivity to the drug means).
In most cases, a puncture to determine the tactics of treatment and prognosis.
Synovitis - far less common disease of the musculoskeletal system than arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatic fever, which have a similar clinical picture.
Therefore, your doctor may prescribe additional research methods, such as joint radiography, ultrasound and special laboratory blood tests for the presence of C-reactive protein and antibodies in order to distinguish from other synovitis diseases.
synovitis treatment
Treatment and diagnosis of synovitis been a surgeon.
The goal of treatment is not only the elimination of the disease that caused synovitis, but also preventing the transition of the disease into a chronic form.
Treatment and its duration determines the cause and severity of the disease, the general state of health, and only after the diagnosis.
In the case of lung flow physician may be limited to a tight joint bandaging for its immobilization, as long as the body itself does not eliminate the inflammation.
In more serious cases obligatory puncture joint to remove excess liquid and oral administration of anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics.
A mixture of drugs introduced into the joint depends on the result of the study joint fluid, carefully taken into account possible allergic reactions:
- in the presence of bacteria therein, is determined by their sensitivity, and to the mixture was added antibiotics such as penicillin-Na salt, lincomycin or chloramphenicol diluted in another solution or novocaine pain medication;
- if the puncture showed no bacterial component of the disease, used the so-called anti-inflammatory "Cocktails" of the following composition: Betamethasone (diprospan) aprotinit (contrycal), vitamin B12, and the solution novocaine. Such mixtures are highly effective, and getting into the joint, are beginning to have a comprehensive anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect.
After the procedure to designate the affected area or UHF electrophoresis. In rare cases, the failure of such treatment (e.g., due to the neglect of the process) is performed an operation to partial or complete removal of the synovial membrane.
The duration of the treatment and its success is directly dependent on the timing of diagnosis and initiation of treatment.
With timely and proper treatment, in most cases, a full recovery is achieved with preservation of joint function. Immediately, synovitis treatment process lasts for 4-8 days, followed by a phase of recovery and the prevention of complications, lasting 1-2 weeks.
complications
Possible complications:
- arthritis,
- reduction in range of motion due to irreversible changes in the synovium or joint surfaces,
- process spread to neighboring areas of the ligamentous apparatus.
The most severe complication is infectious synovitis sepsisRepresenting a danger to life.
Sepsis (the emergence of the pathogen in the blood disease) in infectious synovitis may develop in people with a weakened immune system (e.g., HIV), or in the case of prolonged absence treatment.
prevention
Prevention synovitis is a timely treatment of inflammatory diseases, which could be the cause.
Also, care must be taken during sports training, avoid falls and trauma, it is rational to eat to strengthen the ligament apparatus.
