Mycoplasmas - microorganisms are intermediate between bacteria, fungi and viruses. Usually mycoplasma attach to epithelial cells - the mucous lining of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. Parasitize the host cells.
Among a sufficiently large number of mycoplasmas, occurring in only 4 human species can cause disease under certain conditions. One of them - mycoplasma pneumonia - affects the respiratory system, causing inflammation of the throat disease, lung bronchi.
The other three - mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealiticum - are the causative agents urogenital mycoplasmosis, which currently occupies a significant place among the diseases transmitted sexually.
Mycoplasmosis - a disease caused by mycoplasma. In inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system mycoplasmas are found in 60-90% of cases, they also identified in 5-15% of healthy individuals.
Infection occurs primarily through sex, and very rarely - domestic. The duration of the latent period mycoplasmosis from 3 days to 5 weeks, an average of 15-19 days.
Lesions are characterized by a variety of manifestations.
Mycoplasma can cause
- miscarriage, Early rupture of membranes, fever during labor and postpartum mothers,
- development pneumonia,
- meningitis in children
- morphological changes in spermatozoa.
symptoms
As a rule, for the presence of mycoplasma in the body worn low-symptom characteristic shape. Approximately 40% of patients do not feel any obvious symptoms until a stressful situation, for example, abortion or severe hypothermia, do not activate infection, often resulting in serious enough complications.
Mycoplasma in women
The main complaint of women infected with mycoplasma, is the presence of abundant irritating discharge from the genital tract, mild itching, discomfort when urinating, pain during sexual intercourse. These sensations may periodically increase, then decrease independently. Mycoplasmas often provoke vospalitelnyme diseases of the uterus, ovaries and tubes, bladder, and kidney.
Mycoplasma men
Most infected men do not experience any symptoms of the disease, with the exception of periodic weak rezey when urinating. But over time, this infection can trigger the development of chronic prostatitis, Kidney inflammation. Possible link between infection with mycoplasmas and some types of male infertility.
urogenital mycoplasmosis
clinically not significantly different from other origins lesions (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis). With the defeat of the urethra in men in the morning there are a meager selection. In most cases, epididymis lesion accompanied indefinite pulling pain in groin, perineum, the scrotum, and then an increase of the epididymis, scrotal skin redness.
Mycoplasma in children
Baby can become infected by mycoplasmas from infected mothers during birth, passing on the "dirty" birth canal. For mycoplasma infection in children is different from adults - usually affected broncho-pulmonary tree - caused by inflammation of the throat, nose, bronchial tubes and lungs. The intensity of the process depends on the state of the immune system of the child - weak positive mycoplasma children get sick more often and harder.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of the presence of mycoplasma is quite complicated - features typical only for this disease is not, and mycoplasmas themselves are so small that they can not be detected by conventional microscopy. Mycoplasmas are detected or when smears investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR - DNA diagnosis) or by immunofluorescence or by study of blood from a vein in the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma.
mycoplasma treatment necessarily carried out together with the sexual partner. Otherwise, reinfection is inevitable - the resistance to the disease does not occur.
mycoplasma treatment
Mycoplasma therapy with antibiotics of choice.
- Azithromycin - 0.25 1 g orally once a day 6 days
- Doxycycline - 0.1 g orally 2 times a day days 7-10
- Midecamycin - 0.4 grams orally three times a day days 7-10
- Minocycline - 0.1 g orally 2 times a day days 7-10
- Pefloxacin - 0.6 1 g orally once a day days 7-10
- Erythromycin - 0.5 g orally 4 times a day days 7-10
treatment of pregnant women (After 12 weeks gestation) is performed with erythromycin.
In the appointment of treatment, patients mycoplasma sexual partners are subject to inspection and detection of infection - treatment.