Treatment of burn wounds, blisters, solar, thermal, oral mucosa, eyes, chemical, boiling water. First aid scheme, medications, procedures, folk remedies, skin care

burn wounds - thermal or chemical lesion organism varying degrees accompanied by characteristic symptomatology. Treatment is prescribed depending on the severity.

types of burns

All burns are divided into several types depending on their causes.

Kinds:

1. Thermal. Formed by the interaction of a body of fire, flames or other objects which are heated to high temperatures. Is the most common causes of burns. The extent of tissue damage depends on the duration of the effect of temperature.
2. Light. It affects not only the soft tissue, but also other organs (sight).
3. Ray. The impact of the majority falls on the central nervous system. The defeat leads to the death of nerve endings.
4. Chemical. When this type of failure occurs skin or mucous membranes.
5. Electric. With this type not only affects the skin. In severe cases, the current leads to heart failure, breathing problems.
   insta story viewer

More than half of the cases there is a thermal and electrical type of burn wounds. It is extremely rare, and the light beam look.

Stage and grade

Burn wounds are divided into a plurality of stages depending on the area and depth of tissue destruction.

Power	flow Features	term rehabilitation
first	At this stage, there is a shallow lesion of the skin. Formed redness and swelling at the wound site. In some cases, there is a slight burning sensation and pain.	Tightening of wounds occurs for 4-5 hours.
second	In the affected areas are formed small vesicles, filled with liquid. In this case, the patient feels severe pain at the wound site.	Healing period without complications - from 10 to 15 days.
third	All affected layer of the skin. In the area of ​​the wound formed black or gray scabs, there is necrosis, the formation of festering. Wound surface heals poorly.	Depending on the area affected.
fourth	Wound surfaces lead to necrosis of tissues, including muscle, bone.	Performed surgery.

Treatment is carried out in all types and degrees of burn wounds. In severe cases, hospitalization is required.

symptoms

Treatment of burn wounds picked up and carried out according to the set extent, determine which possible relevant attributes. The symptomatology may vary depending on the severity and type of burn. Common to the first 3 degrees is different intensity of redness and pain.

Other symptoms:

• formation of vesicles (blisters);
• swelling;
• burning sensation;
• burn shock;
• necrotic tissue;
• charring - typical of the 4th degree;
• black scabs;
• lack of sensitivity.

First grade 3 lesions are characterized by gradual layers of the epidermis, including subcutaneous fat.

Causes of

There are several main causes of burns.

Causes:

1. Thermal. Exposure to high temperatures, reacting with the hot objects, liquids, fire.
2. Light. It occurs when exposed to a flash of light formed by the explosion of nuclear weapons and laser weapons.
3. Ray. The main reason for the defeat is ionizing radiation.
4. Chemical. Causing the reaction, various chemical solutions having aggressive action - alkalis, acids.
5. Electric. It occurs under high electric current discharge.

Treatment is only possible after the determination of the cause of the tissue damage.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is the examination of the burn wound. In some instances, the sampling methods to assess the extent and depth of the lesion. By visual inspection examines the state of the skin, the presence of blisters, scabs or necrosis.

Other diagnostic methods:

1. Pressing. It helps determine the degree of the depth of the lesion. When pressed estimated color of the skin.
2. Thermotherapy. Temperature measurement in the field of defeat. Condition accompanied by reduced temperature.
3. Sensitivity. At the third degree level of sensitivity of nerve endings greatly reduced or absent.
4. Dyes. Carried out to determine the extent of burn wounds. Used method of color by Van Gieson.

Additionally, it may be used by Frank index. The study helps to determine the extent of damage and the prognosis for recovery. All procedures can be passed in any medical facility or burn center.

When to see a doctor

Burn wounds all degrees and stages require immediate treatment to the doctor. When lung disease are advised to contact the surgeon. Further treatment is engaged in a narrow specialist - Combustiology.

Reasons for treatment:

• blackening (carbonization) lesion sites;
• the defeat of the deep layers of the skin;
• blistering, inflammation;
• tissue damage is not less than 5%.

In this case, please contact the medical institution to call the ambulance crew.

prevention

Preventive measures aimed at preventing the formation of accidental burns.

recommendations:

1. Avoiding contact with the hot surfaces including utensils. Such things should be kept away from children.
2. It must be ensured that the heating (electric) devices have been disconnected from the power supply - iron, stove.
3. It should exhibit a high caution when cooking and use of potentially dangerous equipment - steamers, iron.
4. To avoid sunburn is recommended to follow the rules of stay under the open sun. If necessary, use protective creams or emulsions.
5. To prevent burns, home to observe the rules of use of household appliances, not to leave children unattended.

Also in the house you need to install fire alarm, fire extinguisher to buy and learn the techniques of first aid in the production of burn injuries.

therapies

Treatment of burn wounds is selected, based on the extent and depth of the lesion. Also take into account the causes of the defeat. An integrated approach will ensure sustainable cure and prevent possible complications and consequences.

First aid

Upon receipt of a burn victim is necessary to provide first aid. You must first remove the source that led to the injury. Then affected necessary to process the wound surface by using cool water, thereby reducing pain.

In chemical burns must try to neutralize the composition. It is recommended to wash the affected area with soap and water.

Also, you should call an ambulance. Before the arrival of medical personnel to the patient at the burn is necessary to impose a special antiseptic bandage and to use painkillers (analgesics).

Do not attempt to use a variety of ointments and creams, as well as an alcohol. Do not rub and do not have a local irritant in the area of ​​the wound. Do not take your clothes adhering to the wound surface.

Medications

Formulations are assigned according to the degree of lesion and stage of regeneration of the wound surface. Thus, after picking up the burn used antibacterial agents and antiseptic topical administration to prevent further development of infection. After wound cleansing from necrotic masses are assigned regenerating preparations.

Possible products:

1. Betadine. An antiseptic agent in the form of ointments, capsules or topical solution. The main component is povidone-iodine. The preparation is used for various injuries and lesions of the skin - thermal and chemical burns, ulcers, wounds of unspecified origin. Before use, it is recommended to consult a doctor, because the drug has extensive contraindications. Means in the form of ointment is applied 2-3 times a day to the affected area, with or without occlusive bandage. The duration of treatment depends on the degree of damage. The cost - 275-853 rubles.
2. Poviargol. Released in the form of a solution or gel. It serves as a basis for means of silver. The drug exhibits antimicrobial activity, stimulates reparative processes. Used for burn wounds, ulcers, infectious-inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes. As a solution means is applied to the wound surface using gauze bandages. Thus during the initial stages of use 5% solution. Changing dressings produced every 1-2 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending specialist to the extent and the area affected. Price - from 732 rubles.
3. Panthenol (aerosol). The main component of the drug is dexpanthenol. The substance has a wound-healing and regenerating effect exhibits reparative properties, stimulating epithelization processes. Used in healing burns step. Effective against solar, chemical and radiation burns. Before use, the vial should be shaken and sprayed onto the wound surface from a distance of 10-15 cm. Treatment is recommended 3-4 times a day. Cost of equipment - from 190 to 400 rubles.
4. Aktovegin. The drug belongs to a group of metabolic means. Used in the treatment of chemical and thermal burns. It is produced in the form of an injectable solution. The active substance - aktovegin. Solution is introduced intravenously, intramuscularly, or as an infusion. During healing of wound surfaces (i.v.) is administered by means of 10 ml every day or 3-4 times a week. Treatment is carried out under the constant supervision of a specialist. The course is determined by the attending physician. Price - from 600 to 1405 rubles.
5. Argakol. The preparation of domestic production in the form of the finished coating to the wound surfaces (gel). The composition includes an antiseptic benzalkonium chloride and sodium alginate. Shows regenerating, analgesic and antiseptic effect, providing a wide spectrum of antibacterial action. Effectively against burns 2nd and 3rd degree. It is used both in the open and in the closed treatment. The composition is applied to the affected area with a thin layer a few times a day. Duration of exposure set by the attending physician. Price - from 500 rubles.
6. Olazol. Means for processing the composite wound (burn) surfaces. The main components of the preparation are: boric acid, benzocaine, chloramphenicol and sea buckthorn oil. Antiseptic and disinfectant action. Local anesthetic in aerosol form for topical treatment. It distributes funds to a pre-cleaned surface every day or two. In the open treatment composition is applied 1-4 times a day. Duration of the course depends on the extent of the affected area. Cost - 255 rubles.

Additionally, special tools may be used as wipes, bandages or other coverings to treat burn conditions.

One of the most effective drugs is Aktivteks - means in the form of wipes. It has 16 different coverage options - antiseptic, antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic. In inflammatory reactions used Aktivteks MR - based tool miramistina.

Traditional methods

Methods of folk medicine used as an adjuvant treatment, and only with the permission of the attending physician. Treatment of burn wounds mild performed using a slurry of plantain leaves or mug. Is applied to the wound and rewound gauze or bandage. Changed every few hours.

Also used as a frayed carrots, potatoes or peels, pumpkin pulp.

recipes:

1. Egg yolk. It can be used in fresh, pre-beating. It is also used on the pan burned yolk. The resulting viscous mixture was applied to a burn site. Boiled yolks burn in the pan to form a black mass and lubricate the affected area several times a day. It shall be deemed effective and helps to cope with simple stripes.
2. Home ointment. To prepare the means necessary to take 1 cup of linseed oil, and add a small piece of wax pchelnogo. The mixture is then put on low heat and melt. Followed by adding 1 boiled egg yolk. All mixed thoroughly and remove from heat. Allow to cool and use 1-2 times a day. Tool helps to cope with inflammation, blisters, inflammation.
3. Soda. Wound surface cooled under running water, and then immediately sprinkled with a small amount of baking soda. Keep the composition on the skin for 10 minutes. After use, means not re-process the wound surface water. Tool helps eliminate the pain and burning sensation. Eliminates inflammation and blisters.
4. St. John's wort. The plant is used as a broth or oil for compresses. To prepare the broth taking 2 tablespoons flowers and poured 0.3 liters of boiling water. Infused for 20 min., Then filtered. Apply as a compress. To prepare the oils flowered liter jar filled to ¾ and poured 0.2 liters of vegetable oil. Close and put in a dark place for 2 weeks, not forgetting to stir. Means filter and lubricate every day. Ointment helps to prevent the development of complications and the formation of blisters.

In the first few minutes after a burn damaged surface recommended lubricate natural honey, cheese or sour cream. This will eliminate the redness and the further development of the pathological process. Before use, a means must consult a specialist and verify the absence of allergy to the components.

Other methods

Treatment of burn wounds can be carried out by means of additional methods. Such methods shall be appointed as a supplement to the basic treatment. It uses a variety of physiotherapy. One of the most effective procedures is UHF. The method helps to eliminate inflammation and accelerate the process of regeneration.

Other methods:

1. Ultrasound / phonophoresis. The method allows to improve blood circulation, prevents scarring, reduces pain, improves local immunity.
2. UV exposure. Promotes saturation of damaged tissues with oxygen, it accelerates epithelialization process, recovers and improves circulation.
3. Infrared irradiation. The method helps to eliminate inflammation, promotes rapid tissue healing.

The duration of each procedure - no less than 10 courses.

In more severe cases require operative (surgical) intervention. When complete atrophy, the transplantation of skin. If no effect amputation may be carried out by conservative therapy. This involves cutting off dead tissue.

possible complications

Burns 1st and 2nd degree carried out by standard methods of treatment. In late therapy may remain different aesthetic (cosmetic) skin defects such as scars, the scars. Repair data display means may be aesthetic plastic surgery.

Extensive lesions or burn wounds 3rd and 4th degree if untreated can lead to additional complications of impaired vision, trouble with the internal organs, central nervous system depression, pain shock. Complications of burn wounds as septic lesions, tissue necrosis without assistance and timely treatment can lead to death.

Videos about burns

"Live healthy" about burns: