Blood donor. Requirements for passing to become as pay, benefits the donor base, universal, honorary donor how much blood pass, contraindications

Voluntary and conscious blood donation - a donation. This natural liquid is indispensable. retention periods are limited, so the component requires constant replenishment.

In carrying out complicated operations, in case of high blood loss, blood transfusions are often used. But one can not always pass this natural fluid in the organization. The procedure has its contraindications. Also, there are certain requirements to pass, that you should consider.

What it takes to become a donor

Blood Grouping was done by the Austrian scientist - Karl Landsteiner. Prior to this discovery, not always attempts were successful transfusion liquid. blood group antigens defined group (inherited). It can be divided into 4 groups indicator. Some of them occur more often.

Rating blood groups:

1. I positive - 37%.
2. II positive - 36%.
3. III positive - 9%.
4. Positive IV - 3%.
5. I negative - 7%.
6. II negative - 6%.
7. III negative - 1%.
8. IV negative - 1%.

Urgent blood transfusion is necessary in the following categories of people:

• after an accident or disaster, in the presence of severe burns, fractures, injuries;
• caesarean section for women;
• the need for organ transplantation;
• presence of blood diseases;
• the presence of intestinal obstruction;
• presence of infectious sepsis.

Blood Donor (requirements for delivery include weight is not less than 50 kg) has positive and negative qualities. If the fence is a natural liquid carried out correctly, then no harm will not. The donor does good, not only the other person but himself.

Blood donation has a number of advantages:

• activation of blood formation and blood self-renewal;
• reducing the burden on the liver and spleen as these organs derive dead red blood cells;
• strengthening the immune system;
• prevention of diseases of various organs - the stomach, the heart, blood vessels, and more.

Negative qualities may occur when the procedure was performed correctly. Among the disadvantages noted blood donor infection. High probability appears when transfusion was direct. This measure is used only in rare cases. Blood donation is divided into species.

Classification is listed in the table below:

Title	Description
Autodonorstvo	This billet own biomaterial. The method used before serious surgical operation. With the introduction of their own blood, the likelihood of side effects is reduced.
Fence whole blood	A person taking venous blood, and then introduce it to other people.
plasmapheresis	The method is divided into manual and automatic. In the first case, a sterile package for collecting a biomaterial. Next, the blood is separated into plasma and red blood cells. Then, the last part is inserted back to the donor. When a person automatically connected to the separator. The device takes whole blood and separates it into cells and plasma. Then, the first part is automatically returned to the donor.
Trombotsitaferez	Fence natural liquid carried out by the machine. Initially deoxygenated blood is taken, there is isolated platelets. The elements necessary for people with tumors.
Granulotsitaferez	In another method called leykotsitaferez. People who have a severe infectious diseases need granulocytes. The fence is carried out similarly trombotsitaferezu.
Fence immune plasma	Donor immunized with a particular strain of infection. Then, the body produces protective antibodies. Take the venous blood, it is isolated from the immune plasma and transfusions in patients who can not cope with the same pathogen.
Eritrotsitaferez	Red blood cells are needed for patients with anemia or other deviations that provide for a decreased level of hemoglobin. Eritrotsitaferez carried out manually or automatically. The first method is similar to plasmapheresis. The only difference - the donor returns everything except red blood cells.

Blood Donor (requirements for delivery include age category) - a man who has safely taken biomaterial. As a result, fluid loss, the body quickly recovered.

The donor can be every person you need to meet the following conditions:

• the presence of Russian citizenship or residence in the territory of the Russian Federation not less than 12 months;
• age group older than 18 years but not more than 60 years;
• weight category of not less than 50 kg;
• the absence of contraindications.

If a person has a desire to become a donor, you need to perform several actions. biomaterial delivery algorithm specified in the table.

Title	Description
Filling donor profiles	Before delivery of biomaterial donor must fill out a form, provide the following information: a passport or other document which certifies identity (military ID); carry-forward infectious disease; substance abuse; work in hazardous or dangerous production; vaccination; surgery, which was performed 12 months before donating blood; date of last menstrual period, the presence or absence of pregnancy (for women).
Passage of the body survey	After registration it is necessary to undergo a full examination of the body, which identifies possible contraindications. Person examined by a doctor. As a result, detected value and the pulse pressure. Fingerstick and venous blood was taken to determine the important parameters (red blood cells, and so on). Also pay attention to the group, the Rh factor. Next, the physician should approve blood donation.
blood donation	In the offices there are special chairs which provide accumbency state. This reduces the likelihood of dizziness. Algorithm fence biomaterial: 1. Overlaying tourniquet on the forearm. 2. Palpation of the proposed site, in which the needle is introduced. To pinpoint the location of a vein, the health worker asks donors to compress and decompress fingers several times. 3. Disinfection of the skin. 4. Insert the needle into the vein. 5. Blood sampling. 6. Removal of the needle from the vein. 7. Bandaging. It needs to be removed after 2 - 3 hours. Some people believe that at the time the blood can become infected. This probability is, but it is minimal, since the used disposable and sterile instruments. In most cases, blood sampling occurs painlessly. But if a person feels dizzy, you must report it to the staff. The duration of blood sampling depends on the classification. Namely: Solid biomaterial - from 5 to 10 minutes. Blood Volume - 450 ml. Hardware plasmapheresis - 40 min. The amount of plasma - 600 ml. Apparatus trombotsitaferez - from 30 to 90 minutes. Apparatus eritrotsitaferez - from 20 to 30 minutes. Time is indicated in a minimum volume of 270 ml. If the index increases, whereas in the procedure takes more time. In any donation take 20 ml of biomaterial and sent to the laboratory. All harvested blood is studied in terms of: presence of HIV; hepatitis B or C; syphilis; biochemical analysis; determining the Rh factor and blood group. If these viruses have been detected in human blood are informed about it. After sampling biomaterial must sit somewhere 10 - 15 min.
Snack	Performing points required. You should not charge too much GI enough reception of sweet tea with a bun. Due to the implementation of paragraph, a person will feel good about themselves. In some organizations, there is a buffet, so you can take home with these products.
Getting Help	The donor was given a certificate which gives the right to 2 days of rest. Output paid in accordance with the LC RF (Art. 186).
Compliance with certain rules	After blood donation is necessary to adhere to certain rules. With this you can quickly alleviate the condition. Rules: You can drive a car right away. A motorcycle - in 2 hours. But if a person feels bad, it is better to go home by taxi or public transport. Do not smoke for 1 hour after delivery of biomaterial. During the day to eliminate the strong physical exertion. Hard to eat. Preference should be given to food proteins. It is better to add to the diet of dairy products and meat. After delivery of the biomaterial 10 days can not be vaccinated.

The concept of universal donor

Donor (requirements for delivery include Russian citizenship) may be universal - this man whose Blood and its components can be transfused regardless of which group will be the recipient of the biomaterial. That is, the liquid is allowed to use in all cases. On the concept of universal donor refers I positive blood group.

How often can I donate blood

We have donation limits. That is, the blood can donate a certain amount of time per year. In men, the figure is 5, and for women - 4. Depending on the type of donation, there is a minimum interval, which must adhere to. They are listed in the table.

initial treatment	How many follow-up procedure can be carried out (in days)
whole blood	plasmapheresis	Trombotsitaferez	Leykotsitaferez
whole blood	60	30
plasmapheresis	14
Trombotsitaferez
Leykotsitaferez	30	14

Contraindications

At the donation there is a contraindication. If there are certain factors that a person can not donate blood. They are divided into absolute and temporary. The first type is a serious disease. Temporary contraindications have different deadlines. That is, a person can not become a donor for a certain period of time. Contra-indicated in the table.

Group contraindications	Description
absolute	You can not be a donor in the following cases: HIV; syphilis; hepatitis viral nature; tuberculosis; blood diseases; oncology; typhus; brucellosis - infection transmitted from infected animals to humans; CNS diseases; no hearing or speech; mental diseases; substance abuse; alcoholism; hypertension (1 and 2 degree); Coronary heart disease (CHD); atherosclerosis; heart disease; endocarditis, and myocarditis; respiratory system - asthma, obstructive bronchitis shape; Gastrointestinal diseases - gastritis ahilicheskoy form ulcers; chronic liver disease; cholecystitis; cirrhosis; severe liver damage; urolithiasis disease; endocrine abnormalities; disease ENT (ear-nose-throat); eye diseases; skin diseases - psoriasis, eczema, furunculosis; operational intervention - holding resection bodies; carrying out organ transplants.
temporary	For temporary contraindications include the following items: Menstruation. You can become a donor after 5 days after discharge. Labor, contact with patients with hepatitis. Blood donation is permitted after 1 year. Lactation. Possible blood donation at 3 months after the end of breastfeeding. Tattooing, body piercing, acupuncture treatment. Donation is allowed in 1 year. Overseas trip, which lasted more than 2 months. People will be able to donate blood after six months. human presence in Asia, Africa, America more than 3 months. You can become a donor after 3 years. Heightened allergic diseases. You can become a donor after 2 months of treatment. Sore throat, flu, SARS. The blood can be taken 1 month after recovery. Removal of a tooth. A person can donate blood after 10 days after the procedure. Abortion - abortion, which involves abstaining from blood donation for 6 months. Vaccinations. With the introduction of the vaccine need to make a break of 10 days. After inoculation "live" vaccine donation is allowed after 1 month. If a person is injected immunoglobulin (hepatitis B virus) requires a break of 1 year. If you were vaccinated against rabies, blood donation is allowed after 14 days. The use of drugs. Analgesics require a break of 3 days. If a person takes antibiotics, blood donation is allowed 14 days after termination of the use of medicines.

What can not be done before delivery

Before the fence biomaterial required to comply with the rules of preparation:

• For 3 days better to exclude medicaments which contain acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and analgesics - Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Analgin.
• 2 - 3 days to adhere to proper nutrition. It is recommended to eat 5 - 6 times a day (portions should be 200 - 300 g) intermittently 3 - 4 hours. Should be removed from the diet of salted, smoked, fried foods. Products with high fat content should be replaced on a low-calorie (milk, meat). It is necessary to exclude chocolate, flour. The food should be cooked or steamed in the oven, cook. The diet should be added to cereals, fruits and vegetables (except bananas).

It advised to drink at least 1.5 liters of pure water per day.

Allowed juice, fruit drink, fruit compote.

• At least 2 days to eliminate smoking and alcohol consumption.
• One day before the blood donation should not be a heavy load on the body.
• On the morning before the procedure requires a light breakfast, you can not greatly burden the digestive tract.
• Before the procedure, you can drink tea with sugar.

The conditions for obtaining the title of "Honorary Donor"

Blood Donor (requirements for delivery include accommodation in Russia for at least 1 year) can become honorary. When a man has passed the right amount of biomaterial, institutions expert reports on the possibility of receiving the title. To accomplish this, you need to provide proof of identity and a certificate from the institution.

Allowed to fill the application in a private office portal of public services. The package of documents passed to social protection or MFC or via Public services portal. If employees do not have doubts about the reference, after 1 - 3 months may receive certificates and badges.

Get the title of "Honorary donor" is possible in the event that the person has passed a certain amount of blood. Detailed information can be found in the table.

City	How many times a person needs to donate blood for the title
whole blood	Plasma	Whole blood (in large quantities) and plasma.	Whole blood (in smaller quantities) and plasma.
All around Russia	40	60	More than 25 times the blood and plasma up to a total of 40 times.	Less than 25 times the blood, but to supplement the plasma to the total number is equal to 60 times.
Moscow	20	30	More than 13 times and 20 blood plasma.	At least 13 times and 30 times the blood plasma.
St. Petersburg	20 – 40	30 – 60	10 times the blood plasma and to a total of 30 - 60 times	10 - 25 times the blood, and the plasma to a total of 20 - 40 times.

If a person hands over any component (red blood cells, etc.), this is equivalent to whole blood.

The facilities, privileges and allowances

Blood Donor (requirements for delivery include age of at least 18 years of age) can take advantage of various benefits.

They depend on the category of the person:

• with the status of an honorary donor;
• worker;
• retiree.

honorable

The following benefits are there to honor the donors:

• extraordinary treatment in institutions;
• an extraordinary opportunity to get a free voucher to a sanatorium or rest;
• paid annual leave whenever he wants donor;
• payment each year - the amount in 2018 It equals 13,562.78 rubles, and it can be an extra charge for the region.;
• you may receive regional benefits such as a discount on medicines to 50% (in all regions).

For Moscow, there are additional benefits.

Namely:

• free travel on the social map;
• payment of housing services with 50% discount;
• purchase drugs at a discount;
• free installation of dentures.

working

We have a number of donors working privileges.

Namely:

• Issuance after giving blood, which gives the right to 2 days a week. Everything is paid, even if the person on the schedule was a non-working day. Possible to use the output immediately, or leave them to increase the holidays. If the person giving blood in good health, you should negotiate with the management of the firm to give rest in a different time. If help is provided after each successful donation, the 10 donation can earn almost a vacation that is equal to 20 days.

It must be remembered that the exchange can not be output on the payment.

• Withdrawal of funds for food. The amount varies from 500 to 1000 rubles., Depending on the region.
• Preferential vouchers out of turn. If a person is a donor, it can get a ticket from the employer on vacation or in the hospital. But the point is made, if the person donated blood more than 2 times per year.
• Payment by the employer of days when the donor gave blood (according to the average wage). And they are part of the overall work experience.

On retirement

Often, with the retirement of additional increases of no. But older people can use social card, which gives discounts on transport, as well as the available medical assistance to the queue. Honorary donors can not retire early. But all of the benefits that have been available, are (medical care, payment).

The order of registration benefits

To the honorable donor-invoiced benefits should visit the social protection or MFC.

With a need to take the documents:

• Russian passport;
• application for benefits;
• certificate "Honorary donor";
• account name, which is required for the transfer of cash payments.

The process of blood donation is not only useful for the society, but also of the citizen. The procedure has a number of advantages - reducing the load on many organs, strengthening the immune system. But before you give blood, you need to take into account all the requirements. For example, the age group over 18 years, weight of 50 kg and more. As a result, the donor may become honorary.

If a person rents a certain amount of blood (depending on region), give him a badge and certificate. Upon receipt of the title, there are additional benefits in the form of monetary equivalent, which is paid each year, as well as other privileges.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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