Iron deficiency anemia in children - is a pathology characterized by deficiency of revenue, mastering or conversion of iron in the body. This violation is common even in newborns. This condition has a negative impact on the overall health of the child and requires complex treatment to prevent the development of complications.
Causes
The causes of iron deficiency anemia in children can be divided into antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal. This disorder in older children is developed on the background of abundant external and internal bleeding, and several other pathologies. Contribute to the emergence of this problem can be traumatic and even nosebleeds.
In teenage girls occurrence of anemia is often observed on the background of heavy menstruation. In addition, this pathology may result from malabsorption of iron in the intestine against the background of the following conditions:
- Crohn's disease;
- goiter;
- Hirschsprung pathology;
- cystic fibrosis;
- celiac disease;
- giardiasis;
- intestinal infections;
- lactase deficiency;
- ulcerative colitis.
In addition, anemia often develops in children who suffer from infectious diseases and allergic reactions. Pathology may occur due to violations of transferrin activity in the body.
antenatal factors
IDA is often rooted in the wrong formation apparatus assimilation of iron. In utero from mother to fetus is transferred large amounts of iron. Due to this a child is born with a certain margin of the element. Disrupt the process and cause disruption in the formation of iron assimilation apparatus are the following factors:
- the threat of termination of pregnancy;
- toxicosis;
- anemia of pregnant women;
- placental abruption;
- placentofetal failure;
- preeclampsia;
- steatosis;
- bleeding;
- birth of large sizes;
- prematurity;
- multiple pregnancy;
- premature birth.
In this case, the signs of this disease in the expressly manifest in children up to 1.5 years. Symptoms and treatment of this form of disease are linked.
intrapartum factors
By intrapartum factors of iron deficiency anemia include a variety of disorders that occur during labor and delivery and accompanied by a large loss of blood. The emergence of the problem may be due to placental abruption. Anemia often occurs due to improper ligation of umbilical cord blood and the expiration of it. By intrapartum factors include bleeding, which arose as a result of the child's injury obstetric instruments.
postnatal factors
By postnatal factors that contribute to the development of the child anemia, include a variety of conditions that affect the body after birth. Such factors rank primarily pathologies in which red blood cells are detected damage.
Anemia often accompanies hemolytic disease of the newborn, acquired disorders of hemoglobin synthesis, as well as primary bone marrow failure. In children, this disorder can occur in the background of hemophilia and heavy blood loss during surgery, etc. Risk factors include the following diseases:
- malnutrition;
- cystic fibrosis;
- gluten enteropathy.
By postnatal factors include the lack of a food item. Contribute to the emergence of anemia in children can bronchiectasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, this pathology often develops on the background of leukemia, bacterial endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
symptomatology
With the development of anemia in children symptoms can be expressed in varying degrees of severity. The clinical picture is able to vary the predominance of immunodeficiency, cardiovascular, epithelial, or astenovegetativnogo gipetolienalnogo syndrome.
epithelial syndrome
Anemia in infants is often accompanied by a deterioration of the skin and mucous membranes. The signs of this disease include increased dryness of the skin. In addition, iron deficiency often manifests hyperkeratosis in the knees and elbows. Deteriorating condition of the hair and nails.
asthenovegetative syndrome
Anemia is often manifested astenovegetative syndrome, developing as a result of reduction in tissue oxygenation. This syndrome is characterized by a slowdown in physical and mental development of the child, hypotonia, irritability and tearfulness. May be present dizzy spells and fainting. Often asthenovegetative syndrome have symptoms of vascular dystonia, enuresis and orthostatic collapse.
Banti's syndrome
In children who have anemia manifests gematolienalnym syndrome, there is an increase in liver and spleen. When such a flow may cause diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite and bloating. Often develop anorexia. To this end, the syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of smell changes. Gematolienalny syndrome often manifests in severe pathology.
immunodeficiency syndrome
Immunodeficiency syndrome in iron deficiency anemia manifested increased susceptibility to a variety of infectious diseases. In addition, viral and bacterial diseases often occur with complications.
Cardiovascular syndrome
Against the background of anemia in children may experience bouts of tachycardia and hypotension. The child begins to bother dyspnea. In conducting research determined abnormal heart murmur and myocardial dystrophy.
Diagnostics
To confirm the diagnosis and identify the causes of the pathology may need child consultation of the gastroenterologist, hematologist, neonatologist, pediatrician, gynecologist, etc. first held visual inspection.
Be sure to be appointed by the general and biochemical blood tests that accurately determine the severity of iron deficiency anemia. To support research that can be assigned to identify the causes of disease are:
- colonoscopy;
- bone marrow puncture;
- ultrasound;
- barium enema;
- radiography.
Furthermore, there may be carried out to identify fecal helminth eggs, dysbiosis, and occult blood.
How to treat
Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children is carried out by conservative methods. Complex therapy includes special diet and medication to compensate for the existing iron deficiency. In addition, the presence of pathologies that lead to the appearance of anemia, selected special treatment.
iron supplements
To eliminate anemia in children, treatment involves taking medicines that contain iron. Especially often prescribed means in the form of syrups, drops and suspensions. For drugs used to compensate for the elimination of iron deficiency and anemia are:
- Ferrum lek.
- Maltofer.
- Biofer.
- Argeferr.
- Ferlatum.
- Kosmofer.
- Fenyuls complex.
Drugs are taken 2 hours before eating. This will ensure maximum absorption of nutrients. The course of therapy of such drugs in most cases is about 4-6 weeks. In severe cases, it can be increased up to several months.
Food
To effectively treat iron deficiency anemia, you should pay special attention to diet adjustment. Infants is recommended to drink only breast milk. At the same time lure children suffering from this disease should be starting at 5 months. Foods recommended in this pathological condition are:
- fresh peas;
- dried and fresh mushrooms;
- liver;
- buckwheat;
- rabbit;
- turkey;
- fish;
- goose meat;
- beef;
- apples;
- pears;
- apricots.
Menu must be such that the baby getting enough folic acid, vitamin B, C, E, copper, magnesium and zinc. This will eliminate the manifestations of disease faster.
prevention
To reduce the risk of antenatal anemia in the newborn expectant mother during pregnancy need to take special multivitamin and ferropreparaty. After the birth of the child prevention of the violation involves breastfeeding.
Children of kindergarten age requires special diet comprising food containing a large amount of iron. If necessary, you need to give the child special preparations containing this element. The indications for use of these tools is the rapid growth of puberty etc.
complications
Iron deficiency anemia in infants can become a cause of mental and physical development. Prolonged oxygen deprivation, which arose due to the reduction in the number of red blood cells, may adversely affect the state of the heart and brain of the child. Very often in the background of this disease developing myocarditis. The consequences of the occurrence of heart disease may remain with the child for life.
