gynecomastia - often a reversible increase in the mammary glands in male patients, associated with endocrinopathies.
Overview
With this disease, sooner or later, found in almost every man upon the occurrence of a certain age. In this case, it is due to fall in the amount of androgen due to the natural decline of the functions of the urogenital system and the subsequent predominance of female sex hormones. But it also happens that the pathology develops much earlier, and then it becomes a reliable indicator of disruption to operations the endocrine system, which should be seen as indications for hospitalization or, at a minimum, a comprehensive survey.
Fortunately, in the early stages (which can last up to one and a half years) staging symptoms and treatment of gynecomastia in men has been very easy. For treatment will only have the use of drugs, corrective hormones. But if the pathology has reached the final stage and showed symptoms of the degeneration of the glandular tissue in the connection - get rid of it is possible only surgically. The same applies in cases where there is due to the deposition of adipose tissue in the chest area.
By itself, the disease is not dangerous: it brings a sense of discomfort and aesthetic discomfort. However, for the reasons described above, to defer its removal is not necessary.
Classification
Gynecomastia can be a physiological associated with the use of hormones and subsequent their cancellation, and pathological disorders associated with metabolism or hormones of the endocrine system.
If the pathological process involved only one breast, gynecomastia is one-sided, if both - the two-way.
According to the histological pattern distinguished:
- True - associated with increased amounts of glandular tissue;
- False - related to the local deposition of adipose tissue in the chest area;
- 
Mixed - a combination of the first two species with a predominance of a particular pathological process.
Causes
The most common the starting point of pathological gynecomastia is a hormonal failureArising as a result of disease of the endocrine system, so that it is the primary diagnostic criterion for detecting endocrinopathies, leading to reduction in the number of male sex hormones or excessive increase women. Also, the reason of its development may be a metabolic disorder that leads to the local deposition of adipose tissue or the development of cancer.
Physiological gynecomastia in men can begin as a result of taking certain medicines or due to natural adjustment of the organism in the course of aging. It notes the occurrence of symptomatic disease in athletes whose activities are related to the accumulation of muscle mass.
Symptoms of gynecomastia in men
An increase in mammary glands is almost always accompanied by a variety of discomfort (pain, itching, a feeling of fullness), and may be accompanied by the release of breast milk or the like.
During pathology distinguish the following steps:
- proliferative. Step characterized by minimal changes, the almost complete absence of unpleasant symptoms and 100% reversibility in the presence of proper medication. Duration - about 4 months;
- mellow. In this stage pathological growth of the glandular tissue is maximized unpleasant sensations grow, and the process harder treatable. The duration of the second phase - up to 1 year;
- fibrous. Formed tissue is replaced by connective tissue, which leads to the formation of irreversible effects. At this stage, surgical treatment is possible only.
Diagnostics
Initial diagnosis is possible even during the initial examination of patients, but the final diagnosis is made only after collecting detailed medical history and identify dependencies of the pathological process with the preceding factors, which may require patients, and a comprehensive analysis of the hormonal examination.
It is vital to differentiate gynecomastia with the emergence of malignant tumors. Otherwise, you can choose the wrong treatment and worsening of the current situation.
Treatment
Physiological gynecomastia does not require special treatment and the symptoms disappear on their own over time. Treatment of the pathological complex shape and includes the cancellation medications (if It found that the cause of the disease was their reception) and the appointment of agents, corrective hormones. If this pathology is caused by the accumulation of adipose tissue, or turned into a fibrous stage, it requires surgery.
Forecast
With the right mix of treatment and early diagnosis, allowing you to start therapy in the early stages, gynecomastia disappears completely without any consequences. Relapses, subject to the recommendations of the expert, as a rule, does not arise.
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