Bursitis - is an inflammatory process, accompanied by the accumulation of exudative fluid in the slit-like cavities bursa human joint.
Overview
The movement of the joints, ligaments and tendons of the human is accompanied by friction - is the main symptom of bursitis. Physiologically kneading prevents periarticular bag being in fluid called bursa. The synovium shrouding joint forms the bursa located between the bones and soft tissues. Anatomically bag located under the muscle, under the fascia, tendons underneath or under the skin. The functional component is depreciation and reducing pressure in the joint.
With the development of the disease in the bursa fluid accumulates. Exudate - is formed at inflammations fluid exiting in the cavity and tissue of the capillaries having in its composition proteins and blood cells.
Causes of bursitis
The disease develops due to various reasons:
- Total attenuation body immunity and protective properties decline due to various infectious diseases, tumors, AIDS, Malignant neoplasms, liver cirrhosis, alcoholism and drug addiction, etc.
- Penetration of various pathogens in the open wound surface during injuries and cuts.
- Excessive loads associated with occupational or surges in sporting activities.
- The deposition of salts in the bursa. The probability of disease increases with age.
- Obesity.
classification of bursitis
Adrift inflammation several forms:
- Acute. Disease begins with severe pain in the affected area of the projection.
- Subacute. Transitional phase preceding the development of chronicity.
- Chronic. Treatment failure or absence of disease complications provoke the development of low-intensity forms unexpressed symptom.
By type of fluid is:
- Serous. Transparent gray or yellowish liquid.
- Fibrinous. As a result, high vascular permeability is present in a significant amount of exudate fibrinogen precipitates in the form of fibrin. Exudate is more dense than the serous.
- Hemorrhagic. Usually has emergency character. The exudate is present the blood.
- Purulent. After contact punctate infection unclear, milky or green tint.
- Mixed.
Taking into account the originator bursitis is divided into:
- Specific. tubercular, Syphilis, gonococcal, brucellosis pathogens capable of causing inflammation. In these cases, bursitis is associated disease secondary main pathologic process.
- Nonspecific. The most common pathogens are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
At the place of localization:
- Vertical or bursitis of the hip joint. Typically, for severe disease, often accompanied by complications.
- Elbow bursitis bags. Abduction or rotation of the arm causes a sharp pain.
- Achilles bursitis. Localized pain in the calves when walking, increases sharply when jumping.
- Bursitis subcutaneous calcaneal bags. Location - Area calcaneal tuber.
- Bursitis of the knee joint. Divided into subspecies: the defeat prednakolennoy bags or thigh. Manifest violation of mobility, lameness.
- Brachial. A characteristic feature of the disease distinguish the inability of the patient to bring the affected limb to the head and make a hand behind his back.
- Bursitis of the small joints. A special form - bursitis of the big toe and the fingers. Visualized swelling round shape is usually purple in color.
symptoms of bursitis
- Pain. As a result of stimulation of nerve endings locally all patients have pain of varying intensity, increases with movement palpation.
- Hyperemia and edema. Redness and swelling of the skin as a result of stagnant fluid.
- The sharp decline in the functional capacity of the joint.
- In some cases, local or general increase in temperature.
diagnosis of bursitis
It carried out on the basis of interrogation of the patient, inspection and palpation examination. Additionally, use x-rays, ultrasound. In the most severe in terms of diagnosing the cases and before operations prescribed a CT scan for a deep analysis of location of the lesion.
Determination exudate components carried by puncture and subsequent bacteriological seeding punctate to identify the causative agent in infectious nature of the disease. The test liquid was placed in a nutrient medium. As the proliferation agent sensitivity diagnosis is performed to antibiotics.
Laboratory data analysis reveals total blood leukocyte left shift and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). An integrated approach to fault diagnosis gives a good chance of adequately matched therapy.
bursitis treatment
The overriding objective in the acute period is analgesia and ensuring peace. The external, oral or injectable method for removing orthopedic pain selects, depending on the phase and the severity of the clinical case.
Anti-inflammatory therapy by obtaining a non-steroidal drugs and salicylates.
Exterior packs of medical bile herbal remedies.
When an infectious etiology is assigned a specific antibacterial treatment.
After the removal of inflammation actively prescribe physiotherapy, massage and specialized exercise therapy. It has an excellent therapeutic effect electrophoresis, Amplipuls, phonophoresis and UFO.
When conservative therapy is ineffective carried puncture bursa for extracting exudate and administration of corticosteroids.
Surgical excision or removal of the bursa bursa prescribed in severe cases of chronic disease course.
complications
The event of failure of the qualified medical aid, and in advanced cases, attaching additional problems inevitably. Acceding complications can be both local and global. These include:
- Suppurative arthritis involving the knee meniscus and knee ligaments.
- Osteomyelitis tibial, peroneal or femur.
- Fistulas periarticular localization.
- Adhesive capsulitis. Inflammation entire shoulder capsule to form adhesions and scarring.
- Hygroma. In protracted process may form isolated cystic cavity filled with liquid.
- Sepsis. When lowered immunity purulent contents with blood spreads through the body, causing severe overall reactions.
- Necrosis. Death of tissue wall of the bag found in a number of cases and is an absolute indication for surgical intervention.
prevention
In the presence of risk factors in people predisposed to diseases of the joints (construction workers specialties, athletes, porters, etc.) it is recommended to use a different orthopedic devices orientation. Splints, bandages, arch supports, insoles and proofreaders to help reduce the load.
Sports, both professional and amateur should be conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the trainer and sports therapist. No need to ignore the warm-up stretching to a core set of training and work with congestion.
Prevent overeating and being overweight - is an important part of preventive measures.
The use of high-quality footwear, suitable in size.
Prevention of wound infections, which are the joints. Timely disinfection antiseptic will prevent the inflammation and suppuration.
Forecast bursitis
With timely definition of bursitis symptoms and immediate treatment to the profile expert forecast quite favorable. For a positive outcome of the disease is not only important to prevent complications, but also to prevent the transfer of disease in the chronic stage. Careful execution of the treating physician, and the existing arsenal of drugs and other methods bodes well for a successful fight against bursitis. Full recovery occurs in most cases.
Chronic course requires not only competent approach to the administration of medications drugs, puncture and physiotherapy, but also obligatory change of occupation, as well as prevention new injuries.
bursitis treatment should not be stopped until full recovery of function.
Found a bug? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter
