Angina. What is it, stress, coronary heart disease, stroke, symptoms, signs, classification. The dangerous, diagnosis, treatment, drugs, medicines

Angina - is constantly repeating combination of symptoms characterized by a sense of discomfort for oblong flat bone in the middle of the chest. This condition requires mandatory treatment.

What is angina

Sharp pain in the front of the chest cavity provoked disadvantage liquid circulation of the connective tissue in the affected portion of the myocardium is called angina.

When the disease attacks the heart muscle suffers from the need to receive a cell oksigeniuma, summing up the broken and blood transmission that characterized by an absolute or relative infringement of arterial fluid connective tissue to the myocardium due coronary vessels. Later changes violate accession electrolytes in the cardiac muscle.

Thus accumulate excessively oxidized metabolites acids:

• lactic;
• weak diacid;
• of phenyl;
• metaphosphoric.

The pathological process knocks equilibrium condition existing in salt solutions, reduces backflow of protons from the intermembrane space into the base material of tissues and organs.

Such a state is insufficient to provoke ventricular filling with blood during diastole, and later violation of the contractility of the left side of the heart, which leads to the painful crisis.

Low oxygen content in the body tissue over the entire heart muscle is felt at the nerve-muscle and mental fatigue. For this reason stenokardicheskie crisis occurs during any movement of the body produced by skeletal muscles in a state of physiological reactions of the organism to external negative influences.

Causes

Angina - is a disease of the cardiovascular system, characterized by varying degrees of pain.

The main reasons for failure of inflow of liquid to the myocardium of the connective tissue include:

• unfavorable heredity;
• increased likelihood of developing the disease because of the nature of the organism;
• weakening of muscle activity as a result of a sedentary lifestyle;
• deposition of an excessive amount of fat in the body;
• long flowing pathology organism which develops due to changes in developing pancreas active substance insulin;
• a morbid attraction to alcohol;
• inhalation of smoke smoldering and processed tobacco leaves;
• deposits on the inner wall of blood vessels cholesterol plaques;
• hobby food containing large amounts of natural polycyclic alcohol;
• high blood pressure;
• large amount of organic substances in the blood, the esterification product of carboxylic acid and a trihydric alcohol glycerol;
• intestinal infections;
• Autoimmune destruction of the vascular system;
• primary and secondary Raynaud's syndrome;
• reduced levels of red blood cells;
• metabolic disorders, hormonal processes in the body;
• the formation of stones in the gall bladder and ducts;
  
• the gradual destruction of cartilage intervertebral joints and discs in the spinal backbone;
• skid thrombus in the vessel branch;
• painful heart palpitations;
• thrombocytosis;
• a birth defect of the diaphragm.

The first signs

In stenokardicheskie attacks have characteristic features that allow to distinguish crisis from other pathological conditions in the heart muscle and other organs.

The main manifestations of lack of blood supply to the area of ​​infarction is:

• varying degrees of pain after any load;
• seizures, which is localized only in the thorax;
• Pain radiating into the ear hole, scapula, shoulder joint and the lower jaw;
• painful and unpleasant sensations usually pressing, burning, baking;
• perspiration;
• arrhythmia;
• frequency change rate and depth of respiration;
• hypertension;
• skin lightening caused by vascular stenosis;
• delayed depolarization and contraction of the heart muscle.

symptoms

Angina - it (the phenomenon occurs against the backdrop of a lack of blood flow in the myocardium), the most dangerous pathology of the heart muscle. The disease affects both men and women. For the fair half process of vascular lesion begins as a rule, with the fading of reproductive and menstrual function.

Stenokardicheskie crises occur after 55 years. Strong half of mankind is subject to the pathological manifestations of oxygen deficiency in the myocardium at any age, and the increase in the number of attacks comes in the range from 60 years to 65 years.

The main manifestations stenokardicheskie crises in women include:

• pain in the left chest that are associated with lesions of arterial vessels in the myocardium;
  
• disturbance;
• severe pain in the head;
• rash;
• burning sensation behind the breastbone, which rises up from the pit of the stomach;
• painful sensation in epigastrium, breast, oral and pharyngeal cavity;
• involuntary eruption through the mouth of the stomach contents;
• acceleration of the rhythm of the pulse;
• paresthesia upper limbs;
• temporary loss of sensation in the extremities;
• palpitations and shortness of breath;
• below normal breath.

For men are characteristic of the following symptoms of vasospasm in the myocardium:

• sudden, severe pain in the area of ​​the elongated flat bone located in the middle of the chest;
• intolerable sensations spread to the left limb, the flat broad triangular bone in the upper back in the torso from the neck to the arms;
• entering the digestive juice into the esophagus;
• discomfort in the epigastrium, accompanied salivation;
• reflex eruption of stomach contents;
• pain in the abdomen;
• incomplete paralysis;
• pins and needles in the fingers;
• the sensitivity of the violation;
• increase in blood pressure;
• asphyxia.

similar symptoms

It is important to know that angina can be confused with many pathological processes in the body.

Many painful manifestations have no relation to the infringement of blood circulation in the heart muscle:

• constantly-ache;
• inefficiency in decision-glycerol trinitrate;
• amplification intolerable sensations from attack relief with a mixture of sulfuric acid and simplest trihydric alcohol;
• pain point can be determined in the sternum;
• attack no relationship with intense psychological and muscular work;
• pain lasting longer than 20 minutes.

When these symptoms should suspect that this is not angina.

Hiding behind a crisis of are the following pathological changes in the body:

• diverticulum of the esophagus;
  
• reflex opening holes at the boundary of the cavity of the stomach and digestive tract at swallowing;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease;
• defects in the stomach and the entry of the small intestine;
• damage to the heart muscle, triggered by blood circulation due to blockage of one of the arteries;
• unilateral herpetiformis rash on the skin with a strong pain;
• malnutrition and the gradual destruction of cartilage intervertebral joints and discs in the thoracic spine;
• inflammation and swelling of the film covering the breathing apparatus outside;
• local pain along the nerve endings;
• pathological process in the lung tissue.

types of angina

Such a state, like paroxysmal pain in the chest, known as angina pectoris. Please be aware that this pathological process in the body is very dangerous.

Poor circulation in the myocardium is divided into types based on the manifestations of seizures:

species	Characteristic
Start manifestations of angina	attacks have emerged over the last 30 days; any changes in the heart on an electrocardiogram; disrupted rate of myocardial contractions; formed the defeat of the left coronary aortic vessel barrel.
Stable angina	regular crises after an emotional and muscle tension; lack of physical strength; palpitations and shortness of breath; cardiac rhythm disturbances with increasing number of beats; hypertension; hypotension; gases exit from the stomach through the mouth; feeling that precedes vomiting; bloating; pain in the hepatobiliary system; dry mouth; deurinatsiya; intense pain in the neck, back, hands, as well as the jaw.
Angina with the increase of intensity of attacks	attack begins suddenly, sometimes alone; combined with severe pain in the chest; It has a heavy and long duration; sympathoadrenal system is activated; It decreases the efficiency of adoption of glycerine trinitrate; muscular loading has no effect on the onset of a crisis; appear ischemic changes in the myocardium; supraventricular tachycardia occurs.
Prinzmetal angina	crisis begins when completely at rest and during sleep; vasospasm occurs; there is a distinct lack of blood circulation; seizure accompanied by intense chest pain; Heart rate over 100 beats / min.

Emergency aid for attack

For relief stenokardicheskie crisis that requires immediate assistance, it is necessary to know the sequence of actions:

• ensure maximum patient comfort, to reduce the load on the heart muscle;
  
• put under the tongue glyceryl trinitrate;
• if the attack is not stopped, it is necessary to take the medicine again;
• lie on your back, put his head under the pillow and shoulder blades;
• weaker all the pieces of clothing, interferes with breathing;
• for better air intake need to open windows and doors;
• to improve blood circulation must be applied to the footsteps of well-heated objects;
• should give the patient drink a sedative medication to arrest a panic attack;
• if all the measures taken are not cropped pain in the myocardium within 20 minutes, you must immediately call the ambulance crews.

Diagnostics

When the first signs of pain in the chest area should consult a doctor, therapist, to determine the cause of the attacks. On internal reception specialist physician will listen to complaints of the patient, a physical exam, and appoint a number of surveys. To confirm or refute angina should undergo some examinations diagnosis.

Laboratory findings:

• amount of a fat-like substanceNecessary for normal functioning of cells. Excess myocardial provokes;
• aspartaminotransferazyWhich is found in all cells of the body, especially in the myocardium. Increasing the amount of AST indicates pathology of the cardiovascular system;
• alanine aminotransferase - an enzyme that is involved in amino acid metabolism. Increased ALT liquid connective tissue is indicative of cardiac problems;
• atherogenic protein prosthetic group. High cholesterol levels provokes myocardial;
• trialglitseridov. Increasing the amount of fat-like substances is indicative of metabolic disorders in the cardiac muscle;
• lactate oxidoreductaseWhich is involved in glycolysis reaction. Increased levels of the enzyme in the blood reveals the presence of abnormalities in the myocardium;
• high-energy creatine phosphate compounds. The change in the analysis suggests heart disease;
• glucose tolerance test. Increasing the amount of sugar in the blood vascular violates the balance in the body;
• diagnosis of the hemostatic system. Increased fibrinogen levels indicates abnormality in the myocardium;
• quantity of mineral saltsConducting the electrical charge. Lowering the amount of electrolytes to a violation of metabolism so the body's cells;
• regulatory globular protein. Cell death in the myocardium always accompanied by an increase in the level of troponin liquid connective tissue;
• antigen-T cell receptor. The increase in blood cells is an indicator of disruption of the heart;

Diagnostics:

• measurement tolerance of physical exercise with increasing speed of muscle load on the bicycle ergometer;
  
• registration of the electric fields generated during operation of the myocardium;
• daily monitoring;
• definition of morphological and functional changes of heart and valve apparatus;
• not invasive study of cardiac muscle when injected material containing radioactive isotopes in the venous system;
• radiopaque infarction study method.

With minimum deviations in the survey, physician refers the patient to a consultation with adjacent specialist cardiologist for further diagnosis.

angina treatment

Angina - is (a condition triggered by a lack of oxygen the heart muscle) disease process that can not be ignored. With the increasing number of attacks, without proper treatment, the condition of the person will get worse.

Generally, treatment stenokardicheskie crises is carried out under the supervision of the patient.

The goal of therapy clinical syndrome is to improve the prognosis of the disease by preventing myocardial infarction and premature death.

Cardiologist, based on the survey results, informs the patient:

• what is the essence of the pathological process;
• as an estimate for attack;
• what to do during a crisis;
• how to behave during stable remission;
• that provokes the development stenokardicheskie attacks;
• on the need to call emergency medical help if the attack persists for 20 minutes or pain increased;
• there may be a tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate. In this case, the drug crisis is not necessary to stop and call an ambulance.

Preparations for the treatment of angina pectoris

Therapeutic treatments stenokardicheskie seizures comprise administering large amounts of drugs to be used in various forms of crises. Medicines help to not only reduce the number of attacks, but also help the cardiovascular system, saturating it with oxygen.

Drugs that reduce the concentration of organic fat-like substances in the body:

• Atorvakor;
  
• Livostor;
• Etset;
• Vazostat-Health;
• Rozulip;

Means, which prevent blood clots and act on the stage of the blood coagulation, platelet aggregation occurs when:

• Aterokard;
• Platogril;
• Trombonet;
• Asatsil-A;
• Aspikard;

Pharmacological agents that block the receptors for adrenergic agents:

• Biprolol;
• nitrogen;
• Metoprol;
• Tenolol;
• Nebival;

Medications that affect calcium channels:

• Aladin;
• Amlopril;
• Vaskopin;
• Osmo-Adalat;
• fenigidin;

nitrovasodilators:

• Dikor-Long;
• Izodinitrat;
• Mononitrosid;
• nitrogranulong;
• Nitromaks;

Drugs that increase the inflow of liquid to the connective tissue of the myocardium and reduce the need for oxygen:

• Kardazin-Health;
• Triduktan MB;
• trimetazidine;
  
• Antares;
• Thiotriazolin.

Lifestyle change

When the diagnosis of "Angina" patient first cardiologist will recommend to change your lifestyle. This non-drug treatment strategy will improve the prognosis of the pathological process.

By these activities include:

• refraining from inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco leaves;
• and improved control of blood pressure indicators;
• normalization of body mass index;
• Exercise therapy in a dosage walk;
• periodically check the blood sugar level;
• fractional balanced diet that includes:
• fruits;
• vegetables;
• olive oil;
• dairy products (low-fat);
• sea ​​fish;
• veal;
• cereals;
• from the diet should exclude:
• salt;
• Limit fats;
• refined carbohydrates;
• hot spices;
• caffeine drinks;
• fat dairy products;
• any kind of alcohol;
• smoked.

Folk remedies

Angina - is (a pathological state is possible to stop using the application of medicinal plants) disease, for which treatment should be used folk remedies.

They are as follows:

1. The use of lime. Citrus plant possesses a large number of tribasic carboxylic acid, which is an anticoagulant. For prevention of thrombotic events should be eaten on a slice of lime before each meal.
2. Application sherstistotsvetkovogo Astragalus. Medicinal lowers the cholesterol level in the liquid enhances connective tissue and blood vessels. 1 tbsp. l. grass, put it in a thermos and pour a glass of boiling water. Insist. Take 20 g several times a day before meals.
3. Drink of pansies. The drug should be used for flower tea and apply consistently. You can add lemon into the drink.
   
4. Decoction of lemon balm essential oil plants. The herb has a pronounced sedative effect and expands blood vessels. It is necessary to make a pinch of dry plants cup boiling water, boil and cool. You need to drink to 2 times after meals.
5. Tincture of creeping grass. 1 tbsp. l. Plants should fill half a glass of wine spirit. Close. Infuse in a dark place for a week. Drink 10 drops before each meal.

Alternative medicine

Stenokardicheskie for the treatment of seizures, along with pharmacological agents, it is necessary to apply the methods of alternative medicine.

Unconventional kind of therapy:

1. The use of essential oils of plants and flowers. These agents have a calming effect on the nervous system, strengthen the vascular wall.
2. Bdelloterapiya. The use for the treatment of medical leeches help reduce inflammation in the blood vessels, lower blood pressure. Injectable annelids enzymes contribute to the resorption of blood clots.
3. Breathing exercises. Gymnastics facilitates oxygenation of body cells and improves metabolism.

Surgical intervention

For the treatment of circulatory insufficiency in the myocardium cardiologists quite often resort to surgical method.

To date, there are the following types of surgery:

1. method of removing the anastomosis by stretching vessels special balloon which is inflated within the narrowed portion of the vessel. Introduced into the bloodstream catheter in place thrombus formation, it flattens the plaque and expands a vascular lumen;
2. transplant graft method. The peculiarity of this surgery is to restore the blocked artery using vascular graft. For surgery the patient take big vessels of the limbs or chest that sutured bypassing stenotic blood vessels in the myocardium. The surgical procedure contributes to the saturation of the organism with oxygen.

Complications and consequences

Stenokardicheskie crises occur due to the violations and slow blood flow in the myocardium, which leads to oxygen starvation of the heart muscle.

Such pathological processes in the body are complications:

• myocardium loses its power to pump liquid connective tissue of the vessels, as a result, tissues and organs experience an oxygen deficiency;
• there is a painful heart palpitations, which interferes with their rhythm of life;
• broken beat and myocardial contractility;
• there is necrosis of the heart muscle due to blood vessel blockage by a thrombus.

The principal, very serious consequences of untreated angina time necessary to include a rapidly progressive course of disease and premature death. Stenokardicheskie crises - it is a condition that should be treated at the first manifestations, in order to avoid the further development of the pathological process in the body and poor health.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of angina

Angina - types, symptoms, causes and treatment of the disease: