Norms of sugar in the blood of women age. Table level from a vein, finger, after 30, 40, 50, 60, pregnant women during menopause, monthly, diabetes

To find out your blood sugar levels should be have passed an appropriate analysis. The indicator is important for women's health. The main function of sugar in the blood - cell nutrition. Therefore, you need to measure the index of all people - men and women. You should be aware analysis rules as to prepare them and decode result.

What is glucose in the analysis?

Glucose enters the body together with food. As a result of cleavage product releases energy, which is needed throughout the body to maintain optimal vital functions. Unit glucose - mmol / l.

Functional parameters:

• optimizing efficiency of the organism;
• People quickly saturated;
• normalization of exchange processes;
• acceleration of wound healing;
• detoxification effect in the case of poisoning.

Glucose - one of the main criteria for assessing the human health. If the index varies up or down, it affects the well-being, organs function.

After the meal is allowed a small increase in glucose - is the norm. Index quickly stabilized. The body adjusts independently sugar. To normalize, the pancreas produces insulin.

This process can be broken:

• Someone in the family had diabetes.
• Disorders of the pancreas - insulin is not produced in normal amounts, sugar level changes.
• Excess body weight or obesity - is an increase in glucose levels.
• Improper diet.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Too much exercise reduces blood sugar levels.
• The changes that are associated with age (older people).
• Abuse addictions. Alcoholic beverages can increase glucose levels. A smoking gives exchange process parameter changes.
• Frequent stress.
• Acceptance of some groups of medicines (diuretics, beta-blockers, hormonal contraceptives). As a result, blood sugar levels can vary.

Items that can further affect the results of the analysis:

• The sight of blood. For example, if a person taking venous blood, the value may slightly differ from the capillary (the finger).
• Analysis View. Biochemistry is the most accurate. When performing the analysis of the house with the help of the meter, the rate may be slightly different.
• The presence of abnormalities.
• Meal.
• Age.
• Sexual identity. There is little difference in the rate of women and men.
• Pregnancy.
• Changing climatic zone.

The most dangerous state - a sharp increase or decrease in glucose. From this it can be damaged tissue organs - the heart, blood vessels, nerves. On his sugar need to know, in time to see a doctor. It is possible that figure is deflected due to the disease. The sooner we are able to detect abnormalities and start therapy, the greater the chance to quickly get rid of the disease.

Place blood sample on the body

Norms of blood sugar levels in women are determined using the study. The biomaterial may be capillary (of fingers) or venous. The first case is more typical for the overall analysis used in the clinic. A biochemistry for taking blood from a vein.

At home, the biomaterial for investigation can be taken from the arm, thigh, calf. At these sites the least endings, the pain is not severe. The house can not take the blood of a mole, tendons, bones.

Assays for determining the glucose concentration

Sugar in the blood can be determined by various studies. The procedures are often recommended by doctors, are described below.

Blood sugar

The analysis can be concluded on the total value of glucose. Species can be assigned as prophylaxis. And this analysis is used when the woman showed symptoms of deviation from the optimal parameter values.

glycosylated hemoglobin

The result of this analysis will be useful if the doctor suspects the presence of diabetes or need to find out the effectiveness of therapy. Glycosylated hemoglobin is precise, determines the value of glucose for the past 3 months. Endocrinologists are often prescribed analysis surrender, he brings out the latent form of diabetes, when symptoms may be absent or appear weak.

Blood chemistry

By means of analysis can reveal metabolic disorder. Biomaterial taken from a vein, so increases the accuracy of Biochemistry. When analyzing the determined value of the hepatic enzymes, trace elements.

Glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

When GTT first biomaterial take on an empty stomach. Then the patient is given glucose after 120 min. repeat sampling.

C-peptide

C-peptide - a product which is formed by cleavage of proinsulin (splits into insulin and C-peptide). You can find out whether normally functioning pancreas. C-peptide helps to identify the degree of diabetes.

Rules of carrying out a stress test

Test prescribed only in the case if Biochemistry sugar does not exceed 7.0 mmol / l. If we neglect to the rule, a patient with diabetes can develop hyperglycemic coma. In addition, the exponent of 7.8 mmol / l, the doctor diagnoses diabetes without further studies.

The method of GTT:

1. On the eve of conduct biochemistry to detect glucose.
2. The test is conducted in the morning (before 11 am).
3. Fasting venous blood taken.
4. Immediately after taking the biomaterial, the person needs to drink a glucose solution (75 g mixed with 300 ml of pure water), but there are cases when it is introduced into the vein.
5. After 2 hours, the biomaterial take again.

Sometimes when doing GTT 3 Blood Collection - initial, after 30 minutes, after 2 -. 3 hours.

During the test, a person may experience nausea, so you need to pre-buy a lemon. Resorption of the product slices normalizes. Lemon no effect on sugar, but may distract the person from the solution taste. If blood is taken again, allowed the emergence of dizziness and severe hunger. Therefore, after the OGTT is necessary to eat.

Negative quality analysis:

• high price;
• may cause negative symptoms (nausea, dizziness);
• result may be changed due to hormonal disorders;
• analysis is carried out at a phase of acute or chronic disease condition is unsatisfactory when human.

Frequency analysis

With the preventive purpose it is necessary to control the level of sugar 1 time in 12 months. Since diabetes can be detected at an early stage.

People who are at risk (advanced age, obesity, family history), it is necessary to do an analysis every 6 - 9 months. If there were signs that indicate a change in sugar, should be returned to the biomaterial.

If a person diagnosed with diabetes, the sugar should be controlled at least 1 time per month. Most often perform OGTT. Additionally, a person with diabetes is recommended to purchase the meter. The instrument used to measure blood sugar. It is recommended to use a glucometer to 4 times per day. Depending on the extent of the disease, your doctor may change the number.

To find out the level of glucose, you need the following equipment:

• blood glucose meter;
• disposable lancet to puncture or pen;
• test strips;
• cotton swab and alcohol.

Algorithm application device:

1. Treat the limb with soap and water or with disinfectant gel.
2. Prepare the needle.
3. Put a cotton swab in alcohol, squeeze.
4. Test strip inserted into the meter. Your meter will drop the icon or label, then it is ready for operation.
5. Treat with a cotton swab proposed location of the piercing.
6. Lancet to pierce the skin.
7. To place a test strip in the blood drop.
8. Hold your finger.
9. The result is displayed on the meter display.
10. Clear your finger from the blood, throw a removable part of the lancet and the test strip.

Some devices have a drum of several lancets, so it will not work to remove until all the needles will not be spent. For example, Accu-Chek. Norms of sugar in the blood should be compared with the result of which will be indicated on the meter. Woman is better to record numbers, you can then look at the dynamics.

Before using the meter, it is better to study the manual. Each device different actions may be performed to measure the sugar.

Deciphering the blood parameters of sugar

To decipher the figures, you can use the table.

What blood was taken	Sugar (in mmol / l)	transcript
capillary	less than 3.3	Low levels (hypoglycemia)
From 3.3 to 5.6	the normal rate
6,0	prediabetes
over 6.1	Diabetes
More than 6.8	Glucose dysregulation 2nd type require subcutaneous insulin and daily monitoring of the sugar.
Venous (vein)	less than 3.6	hypoglycemia
From 3.6 to 6.4	the normal rate
From 6.4 to 6.9	prediabetes
over 7.0	Diabetes

Origin lethal levels - is more sugar 16.5 mmol / l. There is a high probability of a coma.

The risk of death at the confluence of whom is 50%. Second lethal levels - over 20 mmol / l. On this issue, in medicine there is no clear answer. Doctors call different numbers - 38.9 and 55.5 mmol / L. With this value of sugar in 70% of cases, death occurs.

Norms of blood sugar levels in women may be slightly different depending on the lab. Therefore, many firms supplies the result list, which already indicates whether there is deviation from the optimal values ​​of glucose.

Transcription assay for glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide indicated in the table.

Name of analysis	Result	Description
glycosylated hemoglobin	Less than 5.7%	Norm
5,7 – 6,4 %	the risk of diabetes
7%	Diabetes
C-peptide	260 - 1730 pmol / L	Norm

Explanation glucose tolerance test indicated in the table.

What blood was taken	Taking biomaterial	The result (in mmol / l)	transcript
The capillary (fingerstick)	fasting	less than 6.1	normal value
From 6.1 to 7.0	prediabetes
over 7.0	Diabetes
After 2 hours, after ingestion of the glucose solution	less than 7.8	normal value
From 7.8 to 11.1	prediabetes
over 11.1	Diabetes
venous	fasting	less than 6.1	normal value
From 6.1 to 7.0	prediabetes
over 7.0	Diabetes
After 2 hours, after ingestion of the glucose solution	6,6	normal value
From 6.7 to 9.8	prediabetes
more than 10.0	Diabetes

Difference measuring meter and laboratory

Norms of sugar in the blood of women - an important indicator. In diabetes, it can be changed using the meter. This method is called a rapid test. Go anywhere is not necessary, all you can do at home. But every month Deposit required laboratory test. The fact that the value of the parameters in the laboratory and home devices may be slightly different.

Factors affecting the result when using the meter:

• Error. It is less than 0.84 mmol / l. Therefore, the device should be periodically take in practice. Glucose considered more accurate, which fall within the range of +/- 20% of the laboratory analysis.
• Incorrect analysis.
• Taking blood from the wrong place. Glucose is only suitable biomaterial from the finger. You can not use venous blood. You can use biological material from the earlobe, wrist, forearm.
• Poor hand hygiene prior to analysis.
• Shallow puncture.
• Reusable test strips. The same applies to the use of dirty or damaged devices - is not allowed. Also, if the shelf life of the strips have ended, you need to buy new ones.
• Time since taking up his biomaterial research. If you use the meter, it is necessary to carry out the analysis immediately after the puncture. We can not wait 20 - 30 minutes. and so on. After some time, the amount of sugar in the blood is reduced, the result will be incorrect.
• Dirty needle.
• Cold hands.
• Smearing blood on the test strip. They absorb the necessary amount of biological material, so that the action should be excluded.

Do not use the Meter in the following cases:

• taking venous blood;
• after taking the biomaterial it has been more than 20 min .;
• infectious diseases;
• oncology;
• ascorbic acid reception (the result is too high);
• the unit is always near the battery;
• calibration of the meter is not carried out.

The meter shows the result of whole blood from a finger. And in the laboratory is used for calculation of the index of the plasma.

According to the international standard can be translated glucose concentration of whole blood in the plasma equivalent or vice versa. It is necessary to use a constant coefficient, which is equal to 1.12.

For comparison, home and laboratory findings, it is necessary to know the equipment calibration method. Sample calculations are shown in the table.

meter calibration	Calibration laboratory analyzer	example of calculation
whole blood	Plasma	The result from the laboratory = 8 mmol / L. Payment: 1. 8 (results of lab): 1.12 (constant value) = 7.14. 2. 7.14 * 15% (error of the meter) = 1.07. 3. 7,14 – 1,01 = 6,07. 4. 7,14 + 1,07 = 8,21. Allowable range values ​​meter - from 6.07 to 8.21 mmol / l. The indicator is calculated taking into account the errors in 15%
Plasma	whole blood	The result from the laboratory = 8 mmol / L. Payment: 1. 8 (results of lab) * 1.12 (constant value) = 8.96. 2. 8.96 * 15% (allowable error meter) = 1.34. 3. 8,96 – 1,34 = 7,62. 4. 8,96 + 1,34 = 10,3. Allowable range values ​​meter - from 7.62 to 10.3 mmol / l. The indicator is calculated taking into account the errors in 15%
the same	You should not convert the results, but we must not forget the error of 15%. Laboratory result = 10 mmol / l. Payment: 1. 10 * 15% = 1,5. 2. 10 – 1,5 = 8,5. 3. 10 + 1,5 = 11,5 Acceptable meter range - from 8.5 to 11.5 mmol / l. The number is calculated taking into account the errors in 15%

Indicators for the analysis of blood from a vein and from the finger

The doctor prescribes an analysis under the following indications:

• anxiety;
• anxiety;
• trouble sleeping;
• changes in blood pressure;
• change in heart rate;
• selection vomit;
• dizziness;
• a strong sense of hunger;
• dry mouth;
• itchy skin;
• excessive thirst;
• vision problems;
• long healing of the skin and mucous membranes;
• decreased immunity;
• frequent emptying of the bladder;
• fast fatiguability;
• depression;
• dramatic mood changes;
• frequent infections;
• weight loss;
• rashes on the skin.

Preparation for delivery of analysis

Before any analysis to determine the glucose necessary to adhere to the rules.

Preparatory measures:

• 5 - 7 days to eliminate drugs, so if a person needs to take medicines, you need to pre-notify a doctor, he may cancel or postpone the means test;
• 2 - 3 days to adhere to proper nutrition;
• for 1 - 2 days to eliminate stressful situations and heavy loads;
• at least one day eliminate the alcohol and drugs;
• 8 - 9 am nothing to eat;
• the morning is not allowed brushing your teeth or use chewing gum;
• to study possible acceptance of drinking water;
• exclude smoking for a couple of hours prior to taking the biomaterial.

The norm in the venous blood sugar

Norms of blood sugar in women can vary and depend on the age group. Detailed information can be found in the table.

Age category of women (years)	Optimum glucose value (in mmol / l)
1st year of life	2,7 – 4,5
1 – 14	3,2 – 5,6
15 – 50	3,6 – 6,0
50 – 60	3,7 – 6,0
60 – 80	4,1 – 6,3
more than 80	4,5 – 6,3

Norma sugar in the blood from the finger

Depending on the food, sugar standards may vary. For instance, upon delivery of biomaterial fasting optimum value is 3.4 - 5.5 mmol / l. And after a meal - less than 7.7 mmol / l. If after meal blood glucose of 7.7 - 11.0 mmol / l, diagnose prediabetes. When the figure is higher, then the patient has diabetes.

influence of menopause

With the onset of menopause occurs ovarian exhaustion, reproductive function weakens. Also dramatically decreases the formation of sex hormones - progesterone and estrogen. The woman pronounced fatigue, weakness, depression. In addition, there is the attraction to sweets, so glucose can be exceeded. When menopause is necessary to control the rate.

During the month

Perhaps the change in the level of glucose, depending on the menstrual cycle. Therefore, doctors do not recommend to be tested during the month. In the first 5 - 7 days of the cycle when a woman stands out blood secret the amount of estrogen and progesterone is low.

The influence of hormones on sugar:

• Estrogens increase glucose uptake;
• Progesterone enhances the insulin resistance syndrome, sugar levels rise;
• Testosterone reduces sugar.

Therefore it is impossible to answer the question about the possibility of obtaining accurate results of sugar during menstruation. It is better to do the test at least 3 - 4 days before and after menstruation.

Indicators of sugar in pregnant women

In pregnancy, the glucose value can be changed. This is due to hormones. Norma sugar indicated in the table.

when determined	The optimum value in capillary blood (mmol / l)
Without food	Not more than 4.8
After 60 min. after a meal	Should not exceed 7.0
After 120 min. after meal	There should be no more than 6.3

You can change the glucose values ​​in pregnancy. Derated further danger to the fetus, because the nutrients are not available to him.

If the glucose value is high, it may indicate diabetes, which arose before the child's conception. Exceeded indicator indicates gestational diabetes, which is characteristic only for pregnant women.

May increase the sugar in the presence of the following factors:

• occurrence of gestational diabetes forms during the first pregnancy;
• availability of abortion in the history of the disease;
• birth of a child weighing less than 4 kg;
• anorexia among pregnant;
• heredity;
• polyhydramnios;
• age category above 30 years.

Optimal glucose value necessary to support the entire pregnancy. So it is possible to reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature birth.

There are occasions when the result of a false and absolutely healthy pregnant.

This is due to the impact of the following factors:

• stressful situations;
• carry-forward of recent disease of an infectious nature;
• disregard for the rules of the preparation prior to analysis - meal.

In patients with diabetes

In diabetes, there are no exact rules, which should be included in the index of sugar, all individually. Accurate values ​​represents a physician at the reception.

Development of possible variations when you change the level of sugar

When you change the level of sugar may develop complications.

Namely:

• ketoacidosis - Acetone is produced in large quantities, the blood becomes more acidic as a result of a person can fall into a coma. Able to develop due to the starvation cell.
• Gipersmolyarnaya coma - a complex of disorders that occur due to increased density of blood. If left untreated the condition, there is a high likelihood of thrombosis or brain edema.
• retinopathy - is damage to blood vessels eye, bleeding, blurred vision. State appears due to the fact that the density of the blood increases, the capillary walls candy.
• nephropathy - disruption of the renal system. In the final stage there is organ failure.
• angiopathy - damage to the heart.
• encephalopathy - Violations of the brain due to insufficient blood supply.
• neuropathy - damage to the nervous system due to starvation fibers.

The most serious consequence of the high value of sugar - a coma.

Hypoglycemia is characterized by the following complications:

• vascular angiopathy;
• infarction or stroke;
• coma;
• fatal outcome.

The value of sugar has a major role in the body. After receiving the results is possible to determine abnormalities in women. To perform the test, blood is taken from a vein or finger. Depending on the biomaterial, the rules of blood glucose are slightly different.

To determine whether the result is included in the optimal value, the use of tables allowed. In order to prevent biomaterial should take time in 12 months, and if a person is at risk (excessive body weight, family history and so on) - 1 every 6 - 9 months.

In the presence of diabetes must use the meter to 4 times a day. A 1 per month you need to take laboratory analysis. Care should be taken as an indication of the sugar in order to reduce the likelihood of complications.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

Video on the analysis of sugar

Malyshev's talk about the three tests for sugar: