Content
- Classification
- Ischemic
- Atherothrombotic
- Cardioembolic
- Hemodynamic
- Lacunar
- Hemorrhagic
- With subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Symptoms and Signs
- Causes
- Treatment methods
- First aid for microstroke
- Drug therapy
- Mexidol
- Cerebrolysin
- Warfarin
- Possible consequences and complications
- Video about microstroke
Microstroke is a form of brain stroke, in which small hemorrhages occur in the tissue of the central nervous system. This pathology is characterized by blurred and less acute symptoms. A microstroke is often diagnosed in young women who are prone to frequent stress, work a lot in difficult working conditions, suffer from chronic diseases of the cardiovascular systems.
Classification
The classification division of a microstroke is based on the causes of local hemorrhage in the brain, as well as on the mechanism of development of the pathological process. Damage to blood vessels can be caused by internal factors of the body, or it is the result of severe traumatic brain injury.
Ischemic
The occurrence of an ischemic microstroke is a consequence of existing diseases of the body. This pathology is considered a complication of diabetes mellitus, previously suffered myocardial infarction, congenital heart defects.
An ischemic microstroke is characterized by a sudden violation of cerebral circulation without loss of consciousness. The cause of this disease is narrowing or complete blockage of the arterial vessels that feed the brain tissue. As blood circulation worsens, the consequences of an ischemic microstroke progress.
Atherothrombotic
Atherothrombotic microstroke occurs in young girls who are sick with atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries. This pathology develops after an atherosclerotic plaque disrupts normal blood flow, narrowing the lumen of an arterial vessel.
This type of microstroke occurs in several stages. At the initial stage of the disease, a woman feels a slight deterioration in well-being. The symptoms of a microstroke are almost invisible. The deterioration of the general state of health occurs within a few hours with an exacerbation of neurological disorders.
Cardioembolic
A distinctive feature of this microstroke is the blockage of the lumen of the cerebral arterial vessel by the embolus. This pathology is provoked by concomitant heart defects, the presence of bacterial, as well as rheumatic endocarditis. At risk are young women who are prone to vascular thrombosis.
Hemodynamic
Hemodynamic microstroke is characterized by acute disturbances of the general blood flow. Local brain damage occurs due to a sharp drop in blood pressure. Physiological factors can be the causes of hemodynamic microstroke. For example, deep sleep with a simultaneous fall in blood pressure, hereditary predisposition to arterial hypotension.
This type of pathology occurs in young girls who suffer from ischemia of myocardial tissue, a severe form of bradycardia. The main danger of a hemodynamic microstroke is that its occurrence occurs in the moment when the girl is in a state of physical rest, and no additional load.
Lacunar
Lacunar microstroke develops due to local damage to the perforating arteries. In 85% of cases, the occurrence of this pathology is associated with the negative consequences of hypertension. Neurological symptoms increase within a few hours after local hemorrhage in the brain tissue. Lacunar microstroke is characterized by damage to the white matter in the semi-oval center, the structure of the subcortical nuclei, and the base of the central nervous system pons.
Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic microstroke is a local intracerebral hemorrhage. This disease occurs in young girls with a history of hypertensive disease, hematological diseases associated with low platelet activity, cerebral atherosclerosis type.
The harbingers of this type of microstroke are visual disturbances, a feeling of heat, and an increasing feeling of severe headache. Young women with a hereditary predisposition to hypertension and atherosclerosis of the great vessels are at risk.
With subarachnoid hemorrhage
A microstroke of this type is most often found in young women over the age of 30. The damage to the brain tissue occurs spontaneously after a traumatic brain injury or as a result of rupture of the tissues of an arterial aneurysm.
The symptoms of this microstroke depend on the extent of the damage to the subarachnoid space. This pathology affects women with bleeding disorders, alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking, sickle-cell anemia patients.
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms of a microstroke in women can be manifested by focal or cerebral pathological signs. It all depends on which part of the central nervous system was damaged as a result of a violation of the blood supply. The table below describes the main symptoms that occur with microstrokes.
| General cerebral symptoms | Focal signs |
In the presence of cerebral disorders, a whole complex of pathological signs may appear, which indicate the incorrect functioning of the central nervous system. In this case, the sick woman has the following clinical picture:
For micro-strokes of various types, the presence of blurred symptoms is characteristic. The above symptoms may appear suddenly and then also quickly disappear. For example, if a small area of the brain is in the damaged area. In medical practice, there are occasional cases when young women experience cerebral symptoms of a microstroke, but at the same time do not know about local lesions of the central nervous system. |
Focal symptoms of a microstroke may occur soon after the onset of cerebral symptoms. In this case, the pathological state of the central nervous system has the following manifestations:
Focal signs of a microstroke can be manifested by strabismus, a sudden reduction in visual fields, double vision and a pathological sensation when objects in the room revolve around a woman. After a detailed examination using MRI or CT diagnostics, it is found that the patient has a “spotted ischemia "of cerebellar tissues, there are local microdamages to the brain stem, its occipital regions, as well as deeper structures. |
Symptoms of a micro-stroke in young women can be easily confused with other diseases of the body. Especially if in the early stages of this pathology, focal signs of damage to the central nervous system do not appear. The lack of prophylaxis of vascular disorders and complex drug treatment leads to the recurrence of a microstroke or an already extensive cerebral stroke.
Causes
There are a large number of external and internal factors that contribute to the occurrence of local hemorrhages in the brain.
The following are the most common causes of microstroke in young women:
- there is a high level of cholesterol in the blood, as well as lipoproteins with a very low molecular density;
- hypertension with persistently high blood pressure;
- heart disease associated with a violation of its rhythmic activity;
- hereditary predisposition to damage to the great vessels, which is expressed by the weakness of their walls;
- morbid obesity of 3 or 4 degrees of severity;
- maintaining a sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical stress on the muscle tissues of the musculoskeletal system and the walls of blood vessels;
- alcohol abuse and smoking;
- daily stress or sudden mental shock;
- taking drugs;
- Fabry disease;
- congenital or acquired diseases in which blood clotting disorders are present;
- previous myocardial infarction;
- side effects of medications;
- stenosis of the carotid arteries of the asymptomatic type, when a woman does not feel any pathological signs of the disease, and cerebral hemorrhage occurs suddenly;
- the consequences of working in hot and difficult working conditions, when local damage to the central nervous system occurs due to excessive load on the cardiovascular system.
In medical practice, there are occasional cases when young women are admitted to the hospital with signs of a microstroke directly from the gym. Exercising with heavy sports equipment also contributes to the occurrence of a microstroke.
Swedish scientists from g. Gothenburg conducted a scientific study that deals with the genetic predisposition to local and extensive cerebral hemorrhage. It was found that the presence of mutational changes of the rs12204590 type near the FoxF2 gene increase the risk of sudden onset of microstroke.
Treatment methods
Symptoms of a micro-stroke in young women are manifested by dizziness and attacks of acute headache. Therapy of the pathological state of the central nervous system depends on the reasons that provoked the hemorrhage in the brain. Treatment of a microstroke in young women begins with the provision of first aid, which is provided to the patient before the arrival of doctors. This will minimize the risk of developing neurological complications and deterioration in the functions of the central nervous system.
First aid for microstroke
After detecting one or several symptoms of a microstroke at once, you must immediately call a medical team. Even minor cerebral hemorrhages can develop into more extensive CNS damage.
Before the arrival of doctors, the patient must be provided with emergency assistance, observing the following procedure:
- Put the patient on her side so that during vomiting, the contents of the stomach do not enter the respiratory system.
- Place a roller of clothes or a small pillow under the head, neck and shoulders of the woman.
- Unbutton the top button of a blouse or other embarrassing clothing that resists breathing.
- Explain to the victim that she needs to maintain physical and emotional calmness, not to perform sudden movements.
- Soak a handkerchief or clean piece of tissue in cold water, then apply it to the patient's frontal lobe as a cooling compress.
With a microstroke, the development of more serious consequences of focal brain damage is not excluded. If the woman's condition worsens, the patient fainted, breathing problems are observed, then it is necessary to start performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Indirect heart massage and artificial lung ventilation are performed.
Drug therapy
Symptoms of a microstroke in young women are manifested by confusion, nausea, and impaired thought process. The occurrence of this pathology is facilitated by hard physical labor, chronic lack of sleep and constant stress. Drug therapy involves taking a course of drugs that normalize cerebral circulation and the function of arterial vessels.
Mexidol
Mexidol is a drug produced by the Russian pharmaceutical company ZiO-Zdorovye. This medication is available in the form of tablets with a yellowish protective shell at a dosage of 125 mg. Mexidol belongs to the pharmacological group of antioxidant agents with nootropic and antihypoxic effects.
For patients who have suffered a microstroke, this drug is prescribed to prevent acute circulatory disorders in the brain tissues. Regular intake of this medication allows you to prevent the recurrence of a small stroke.
Mexidol is taken in a dosage of 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose of this drug is within 6 tablets. The average duration of a therapeutic course is from 1.5 to 2 months. depending on the general condition of the patient. The final dosage regimen and the timing of treatment are determined by the doctor.
During therapy with Mexidol, it is important to remember that this drug has the following contraindications:
- severe liver and kidney disease;
- individual lactose intolerance;
- the state of pregnancy;
- lactation of a newborn baby by breastfeeding;
- lactase deficiency.
During the period of treatment with Mexidol, it is necessary to give up driving and performing actions that require increased concentration of attention. This medication is sold by prescription, and its average cost ranges from 219 to 259 rubles. for 30 tablets.
Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin is a potent nootropic drug that is produced by the German pharmaceutical company Hameln Pharmaceuticals, St. Hamburg. This drug is available in the form of a clear, brownish tint for injection.
The active ingredient of this medication is a concentrate of purified peptides, which are extracted from the brain of an agricultural pig. The concentration of the active substance is 215.2 mg. The preparation is bottled in glass ampoules.
The medication Cerebrolysin helps to restore the functions of the central and peripheral nervous system, which have been impaired by a microstroke or more extensive brain damage. This remedy reduces the risk of developing negative neurological complications and speeds up the rehabilitation process.
Cerebrolysin is indicated for parenteral administration in a dosage of 10 to 50 ml. The injection of this drug is carried out daily for a continuous therapeutic course from 10 to 20 days.
Cerebrolysin solution is included in intravenous droppers. The duration of the infusion is 15 minutes. up to 1 hour
This medication has the following contraindications for its use:
- renal failure;
- individual intolerance to the constituent components of the drug;
- the presence of a concomitant neurological disease in the form of epilepsy.
During too rapid administration of the Cerebrolysin solution, a feeling of heat, dizziness, and profuse sweating may occur. This medication can be purchased without a prescription. The average cost of a Cerebrolysin solution is from 880 to 1044 rubles. for 5 ampoules of 5 ml.
Warfarin
Warfarin is a drug that belongs to the pharmaco-therapeutic group of indirect anticoagulants. The active substance of this medication is a chemical compound derived from coumarin - sodium warfarin at a dosage of 2.5 mg per 1 tablet.
Taking this drug is indicated for women who have suffered a microstroke due to congenital or acquired pathologies of the blood vessels. For example, in the case of an increased tendency to thrombosis and arterial embolism. This anticoagulant reduces the functional activity of platelets.
The dosage of the drug Warfarin is selected by the attending physician on an individual basis, depending on the patient's blood clotting parameters. On average, this medication is prescribed for a course intake in an amount of 1 to 4 tablets per day. The advantage of Warfarin is that it can be used for the complex treatment of the consequences of a microstroke and for the prevention of future hemorrhages. The timing of therapy is determined by the doctor.
The drug Warfarin has the following contraindications for use:
- pathological changes in the cellular composition of the blood;
- endocarditis of bacterial etiology;
- blood vessel aneurysms;
- ulcerative formations on the gastrointestinal mucosa;
- recent surgical operations on internal organs and eyes;
- severe form of arterial hypertension;
- the state of pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Too long treatment with Warfarin, as well as improperly selected doses of this medication, can lead to internal bleeding. The average cost of this drug is from 60 to 82 rubles. for 10 tablets.
Possible consequences and complications
Symptoms of a micro-stroke in young women are manifested by a feeling of heat, profuse sweating, and short-term heart rhythm disturbances.
Local hemorrhage in the brain can lead to the following consequences:
- memory impairment;
- decreased cognitive functions of the brain;
- periodic attacks of dizziness;
- migraine;
- drop in visual acuity;
- nervousness;
- dysfunctional disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
The main danger of a microstroke is the recurrence of this pathology. There is a high likelihood of repeated cerebral hemorrhage, but with more extensive damage to the central nervous system.
Microstroke is a dangerous vascular pathology in which local brain damage occurs. The main symptoms of this disease are sudden attacks of severe headache, impaired coordination of movements, loss of consciousness, dizziness, and speech retardation.
Microstroke is increasingly diagnosed in young women over the age of 30. Hemorrhages in the brain cause bad habits, hard work, chronic lack of sleep and lack of adequate rest, a sedentary lifestyle and constant stress. Therapy for this pathology is aimed at improving cerebral circulation, preventing thrombosis and heart disease.
Video about microstroke
Malysheva about stroke in young people:
