Cervical caries. Treatment, price, causes of occurrence, how quickly it develops in children, infants, adolescents, pregnant women

Caries developing in the cervical region - a dangerous type of tooth damage. If you do not start treatment in time, the disease will affect the root, dental canals, which will increase the cost of treatment many times over.

What is caries and its cervical form?

Caries comes from the Latin word for rot, decay. It occurs as a process of dissolution of enamel or dentin, which is caused by microbial action on the surface of the tooth.

The process takes place for a long time in hard dental tissues, which are destroyed under the influence of the changed pH on the tooth surface. Here, on the tooth enamel, due to the fermentation of carbohydrates caused by microorganisms, organic acids are formed, which lead to destruction.

The inflammatory process that develops on the border of the tooth and gums is called cervical caries. Dentin in the cervical part of the tooth is much thinner than in its upper part, therefore, the spread of caries to the pulp, deep layers of the tooth, its canals is much faster.

The carious cavity under the gum is a kind of bag for collecting garbage, food waste, which constantly irritates the gum. The complexity of the disease lies in the fact that it does not manifest itself for a long time.

Causes of Dental Disease

Cervical caries (treatment price depends on the condition of the teeth), its main reason is that the dentin in this area is much thinner, and the root part of the tooth is difficult to clean. As a result of poor oral hygiene, plaque quickly accumulates on the root neck, tartar forms, and further destruction of enamel occurs.

The root causes of the formation of cervical caries:

• Vitamin deficiency. With a lack of vitamins, the differentiation of epithelial cells is impaired. Epithelial cells slough off, affect the oral cavity, and the function of the salivary glands is impaired. This negatively affects the thickness of the dentin, leading to damage to the tooth.
• Demineralization of enamel. In the process of rapid vital activity, bacteria secrete a large amount of lactic acid, which changes the composition of saliva, and it has a destructive effect on tooth enamel.
• A thin layer of enamel. The protective shell of the tooth in this area is too thin, does not exceed 0.1 mm. And the thinner the enamel, the more vulnerable it is to any outside influence.
• Age-related changes. It has been noticed that this type of caries develops more often in people after 30 years.
• Disrupted work of the endocrine glands.
• Increased acidity gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms

At the initial stage of the disease, many do not feel pain, so they rarely visit a doctor. But already at this stage, you can notice a stain on the enamel, reminiscent of chalk. It can be light or pigmented. The enamel loses its shine and becomes dull. Further, the surface around the spot becomes rough, which indicates the beginning of the destruction of the enamel.

As caries develops, teeth become more susceptible to cold, hot, sour, and sweet. As a rule, at this stage, most patients go to the doctor, and the treatment of a decaying tooth can be quite successful. If you continue to ignore the toothache, complications quickly develop and the tooth can be removed.

Stages of cervical caries

Cervical caries (treatment price, duration depends on the degree of tooth decay) develops in stages. At various stages of damage to the tooth and surrounding tissues, certain symptoms are observed.

It is better to start treatment at the initial stage, avoiding complications.

Initial

At this stage, there are no visible changes on the tooth enamel, but the dentist can detect chalky spots in the area of ​​the tooth neck.

Average

The second stage is characterized by surface manifestations of decay, in which the light spot is larger and brighter. The structure of the enamel becomes rough, it begins to disintegrate gradually. At this stage, not only enamel, but also dentin is involved in the destructive process.

Deep

In the last stage, deep tooth decay can be seen, in which the roots and nerve endings are affected. Chewing, which is a heavy load, can break a sore tooth. The destructive process is accompanied by acute pain.

In the future, cervical caries quickly passes into the stage of deep inflammation. Acute pain appears when food, air enters, it becomes impossible to chew.

Complicated stage - pulpitis with unbearable round-the-clock pain, gingivitis, periodontitis, fluxes, abscesses are added to the above symptoms.

What is the danger of cervical caries?

From the point of view of the causes of the development of pathology, this caries is no different from other types. The only difficulty is that it is difficult to access for treatment. In many cases, it may not affect the visible area of ​​the tooth enamel, therefore it develops painlessly for a long time until the stage when the pulp begins to be affected.

How quickly does the disease develop in children, infants, adolescents, pregnant women?

The cause of cervical and any other caries in children is the habit of bottle feeding at bedtime. Long-term milk content in the mouth promotes the growth of bacteria. In infants, the destructive process is caused by a lack of calcium, fluoride in a pregnant woman, poorly formed enamel.

Caries of milk teeth develops gradually, begins with the appearance of white chalky spots. Growing up, they pass into carious cavities. At the next stage, the infection enters the pulp, which dies. In the case of the transition to the third stage, the destruction of the dentin mass occurs.

Indications for treatment

Diagnostics is carried out by a dentist, and the indication for treatment is the presence of:

• visible stains on the enamel at any stage;
• painful reactions to changes in the temperature of food, ingress of air jets.

Diagnostics

To determine the stage of development of the disease, diagnostic methods are used:

• visual inspection;
• X-ray panoramic image;
• sounding;
• tinting of teeth and tissues around them with caries markers;
• thermal breaks using refrigerants.

Qualified treatment of cervical caries

Cervical caries (treatment price depends on the technique chosen by the doctor) implies special approaches to treatment, including several stages:

• at the stage of the appearance of chalk stains, the affected area is disinfected, the tooth is coated with fluoride components;
• removal of damaged tissue.

Then the tooth is treated:

• anesthesia is performed;
• if necessary, the gum is lifted;
• the tissues surrounding the tooth are prepared;
• a medicinal pad is applied;
• the tooth is filled;
• the filling is ground and polished.

In the treatment of anterior teeth, the ICON technique is often used. If half of the tooth is damaged and the restoration does not help, prosthetics are offered.

Caries treatment in children is carried out according to the following method:

• Infiltration with a gel.
• Ozone treatment.
• Air-abrasive processing.
• Laser therapy.

The development of caries negatively affects the health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child. The method of treatment must be agreed with the gynecologist. In the first trimester, when the fetus is sensitive to any medications and the risk of miscarriage is very high, then caries treatment is undesirable, as well as in the third trimester.

The best period for visiting the dentist is the II trimester. In special cases, with pulpitis and periodontitis, pregnant women are treated. The best option for pregnant women is to solve all dental problems during pregnancy planning.

Features of working with the cervical areas

Cervical caries (treatment price depends on the stage of damage to the tooth and surrounding tissues) is treated with conservative methods.

Type of disease	Treatment stages
The initial stage of cervical caries	Tooth enamel cleaning. Removal of stones. Carrying out applications with the application of fluoride-based remineralizing preparations. Taking medicines prescribed by your doctor.
Treatment of the disease in the second stage	Tooth enamel cleaning. Removal of stones. Selection of the color of the composite material. Opening of the neck, tissues around the tooth using anesthetics. Isolation of the tooth, application of an adhesive coating into the formed cavity. Filling. Grinding and polishing of the tooth surface.
Deep caries	It is treated with complete removal of the nerve, sealing the canal and cavity of the tooth.

Treatment of cervical caries is complicated by its location. Near the gums, it is difficult to drain the desired area, and if the teeth are affected, it is physically difficult to reach the affected area. In this place, the patient's sensitivity is also increased.

Doctors suggest using pastes and gels as the main method of treating initial caries:

• Pastes are recommended to be applied twice a day after meals.
• The gel is applied to the cleansed surface of the teeth between meals, 1-3 times a week.
• It is not advisable to use the preparations in combination with herbal rinses.
• Before using the mouthwash, remove food particles from the mouth with warm water.

In the case of taking calcium, vitamins A, B, C, D, fluoride preparations are not recommended to be used. And also you can not use fluoride, for those who have low acidity. After the gel application, you cannot eat sweet, sour foods for 1-2 hours, since this violates the enamel structure due to the drop in acidity.

If the tooth enamel is soft, which happens with a low content of fluoride, it is not recommended to use toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate. At the subsequent stages of treatment, gels are used for prophylactic purposes in 1-3 weeks.

Icon Method

Caries treatment without a drill is to use a polymer composite gel. The substance applied to the neck of the tooth enters into an exchange reaction with the acidity of saliva. The area of ​​the gum, tooth, is pre-treated with a solution of alcohol, isolated with a latex plate, so that the gel does not get on the healthy areas of the gums.

The technique is used at the initial stage of the development of the disease, when matte spots appear on the surface of the tooth.

Benefits of using technology:

• Relatively low cost.
• Inability to distinguish the microinvasion site from healthy surfaces.
• Short duration of the procedure.

SandmanFutura apparatus

The sandblasting machine provides precise and controlled work at low pressure with a certain amount of powder used. A jet of compressed air containing microparticles of aluminum oxide effectively and easily treats carious tissues.

Thus, instead of drilling, a blowing method is used. The device removes aggressive stains on the teeth, successfully copes with various types of caries.

The advantages of the device:

• Pain-free treatment: no drill, no noise and vibration.
• Shorter treatment times: Anesthetics are often not needed.
• Minimally invasive treatment of dental tissue preserves natural teeth as much as possible and gives a chance to preserve them for a long time.

Filling

If cervical caries is detected, the patient should be examined by an endocrinologist, since such a disease is often found in latent diabetes or thyroid disorders.

The treatment of radical caries itself is not much different from the treatment of ordinary caries - the dentist cleans the canals of the tooth and then seals them. In the presence of serious complications and involvement in the inflammatory process of the pulp, the question of tooth extraction arises.

Possible complications

Caries affecting the cervical region may be of minimal importance for the enamel and tooth, but it can penetrate deeply into the tissues and roots of the teeth. The advanced stage of the disease often leads to tooth extraction. Possible complications:

1. Pulpitis

Inflammation of the dental nerve or pulp occurs as a result of the penetration of bacteria through the dentin into the tooth cavity. The cause of pulpitis is deep caries. In acute pulpitis, attacks occur not only during meals, pain covers the area of ​​the affected tooth, spreads to the jaw, ear. Because of this, it is sometimes difficult to determine which tooth is hurting.

1. Periodontitis

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth root leads to the development of periodontitis. The first symptom is bad breath, bleeding gums when brushing teeth.

Possible pain on contact with cold or hot food. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, it can be in the acute stage or become chronic. Swelling of tissues occurs, the tooth begins to protrude slightly from the dentition.

There is a risk of gum swelling, ulceration, general negative changes in the body:

• increased ESR;
• leukocytosis;
• temperature increase;
• swollen lymph nodes.

Without treatment, after 1-2 weeks, the disease becomes chronic, which is characterized by a high degree of mobility of the teeth, a change in their position, and the formation of gaps between them. If the situation is not corrected, the toxins of bacteria can cause diseases of the kidneys, heart, joints.

1. Granuloma

The granuloma proceeds in the form of periodontitis. A small purulent sac develops at the root. External symptoms may not appear for a long time, but at some point a sharp pain will appear.

The tumor is diagnosed only radiographically and often at a late stage. Granuloma, like chronic periodontitis, is a source of infection. It contributes to the development of neurological, cardiovascular and other diseases.

If a patient develops a granuloma, a tooth cyst or abscess will soon develop.

Treatment quality criteria

Cervical caries is treated only in an outpatient setting.

Why does the price of treatment depend on the severity of the disease:

• When stains appear and most other symptoms are absent, it is sufficient to prescribe a mineralizing toothpaste. It is rich in fluoride, calcium and other minerals important for enamel health. As a result, the tissue is strengthened, and the destruction of the tooth will not affect the deep layers.
• In the second and third stages, with high sensitivity and more noticeable destruction, the doctor can prescribe a sealing surface without affecting the nerve endings.
• Deep caries is treated only with complete removal of the nerve, sealing of the canal and cavity of the tooth. In this case, an injection of anesthetic is used, since the procedure is quite painful.

If the doctor has decided that he cannot do without filling, he additionally needs to carry out a number of preparatory procedures.

Recommendations after treatment

After treatment, it is recommended:

• Refrain from eating if local anesthesia has been used.
• If the hole is bleeding, a sterile gauze swab can be applied.
• Pain relievers can be used if residual pain occurs.
• To speed up healing, make rinsing baths with chamomile decoction or a weak soda solution.
• When using cement fillings, it is recommended to abstain from eating for 2 hours.
• In the case of applying light-polymer fillings, there is no time limit for eating.

Prices for the treatment of cervical caries

The cost of treatment depends on the clinic, the degree of qualifications of the doctor, and equipment. Installation of simple seals will cost $ 1,000. 500. – 2 thousand rub. The work, which additionally includes the removal of nerve canals, their filling, will cost 3-4 thousand rubles. rub.

Treatment with SandmanFutura:

• milk tooth treatment - 3 thousand. rub.;
• permanent tooth caries, superficial with the use of a light composite - 4 thous. rub.;
• superficial caries, using glass ionomer - 3 thous. RUB 500

Home treatment

Folk remedies used at home to relieve pain and reduce the negative effects of bacteria:

• Sage tea. 2 tbsp. l. dry herbs pour ½ liter of boiling water and leave for half an hour for brewing. Then it is enough to strain it and rinse the mouth 5 times a day.
• Valerian decoction. Take 2 tbsp. l. roots, pour boiled water. Boil in a water bath for no more than 10 minutes, filter. Rinse 3 times a day.
• Infusion of lemon balm. The ratio of dry grass and boiling water will be as follows - 2 tbsp. l. for 100 - 150 ml of water. After standing for 1 hour, you can use and rinse your mouth after each meal.
• Propolis tincture. Helps fight most diseases and reduces bacterial attack. To do this, dilute 2 tbsp. l. finished tincture in a glass of warm water. Rinse your mouth periodically up to 4 times a day.
• Grate the onion and wrap in several layers of cheesecloth. Apply to the affected area until the pain subsides.
• Saline solution. Dissolve 3 tbsp in a glass of warm water. l. salt. Rinse every time pain occurs.
• Camphor essential oil. Apply a small piece of cotton wool soaked in camphor to the affected area.

Preventive measures such as oral hygiene, balanced nutrition, and regular visits to the dentist will help prevent complications of cervical caries. Treatment should be started as early as possible, the cost of the procedures often depends on this.

Author: Belyaeva Anna

Article design: Vladimir the Great

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