Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children, adults with genitourinary infection, ARVI, bronchitis, pneumonia, a list of tablets, injections of a new generation

Latest generation antibiotics and some classic drugs with a wide range of effects are especially in demand for the treatment of adults, and some can be used for children from birth.

Such drugs are specially designed to combat resistant strains, are capable of suppressing mixed infections and with each new modification show fewer side effects.

Classification

Antimicrobial drugs from different groups can have a wide range, but their effect is manifested when different localization of infection, it can be more or less effective in relation to different groups bacteria.

The difference from narrowly targeted medicines lies in the ability to affect more than 20 strains of pathogens and simultaneously destroy both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Among the broad spectrum antibiotics, there are drugs from different groups. Medicines closely related to the classification can exhibit completely different properties. So penicillins of different generations with different combinations are able to demonstrate activity only against gram-positive pathogens or to destroy gram-negative and positive flora.

Classification of antibiotics that act on a wide range of bacteria:

Group of drugs	Features of the impact	Popular representatives	Application features
Penicillins III generation	The bactericidal effect is provided by inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Requires protection against degradation by beta-lactamases. The spectrum is broadened by amplification with inhibitors.	Ampiox (ampicillin + oxacillin); Augmentin, Amoxil, Amoxiclav, Flemoklav (amoxicillin + clavulonic acid) Sultamicillin (ampicillin + sulbactam)	They are used for infections of the genitourinary system, respiratory tract, soft tissues, skin, for pre- or post-surgical prophylaxis. Can be used for children and pregnant women
Cephalosporins II, III, IV generations	Possess bactericidal properties, dissolving the membranes of pathogenic cells. Affect gram (+), gram (-) bacteria, anaerobes	Cefuroxime (pills, injections)	With otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis
Cefaclor (tablets, capsules, suspension)	For bones, joints
Cefoperazone / Sulbactam (parenteral only)	For pelvic, abdominal infections
Zefter, Ceftobiprol	The widest range for different localization
Aminoglycosides	They irreversibly inhibit the production of proteins by bacteria at the ribosome level. Not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, applied parenterally	Amikacin, Gentamicin, Isofra	High concentrations are found in the liver, lungs, and renal cortex. Have serious side effects that can lead to hearing loss
Tetracyclines	They act bacteriostatically (affecting the ribosomes of bacteria). Affect gram (+), (-) cocci, bacilli, protozoa, intracellular parasites	Tetracycline, Doxycycline	Widely distributed in tissues, used to treat eyes. With the widest spectrum, they have the most side effects, destroy the enamel of the teeth, accumulate in the bones.
Chloramphenicol group	Broad bacteriostatic effect on pathogens inside and outside cells in the multiplying and dormant stages	Levomycetin (inside, outwardly, topically); Eulevomycetin (by mouth for stomach infections); Synthomycin (topical only)	They penetrate into pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluids, structures of the eye, nervous tissue, overcome histohematogenous barriers. Used only for severe infections
Carbapenems	More resistant to the action of β-lactamases than penicillins and cephalosporins, and also have a wider spectrum of activity	Imipenem / cilastatin; Meropenem (only for infusion or intramuscular injection)	Reserve drugs for severe mixed infections, nosocomial infections and resistance of pathogens to other groups of antibiotics
Rifamycin group	Suppresses the synthesis of DNA-dependent RNA of the pathogen, acts bactericidal	Rifampicin (orally in tablets or capsules, IV, topically)	Anti-tuberculosis antibiotic, used in extreme cases for unspecified bacterial infections

The principle of action of broad-spectrum antibiotics on pathogens makes it possible to divide them into two groups:

• bactericidal - destroy pathogens, disrupting the synthesis of substances that make up the cell membrane;
• bacteriostatic - inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, which makes it possible for the body to destroy them on its own;

The conventionality of such a division for antimicrobial drugs of a wide spectrum is due to the fact that some antibiotics exhibiting bacteriostatic properties, when created at high concentrations, are able to act bactericidal.

Rating of drugs from the pharmacy

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children and adults are a necessary part of treatment for bacterial infections of unspecified origin. Their use allows you to start therapy even before taking the culture to accurately determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs.

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics directed against a specific type of bacteria are highly effective and also have fewer side effects.

But most often, infection occurs at once by several types of pathogens, secondary infections join the lesion, or an increase in the internal pathogenic flora is observed. In such conditions, a wide spectrum of drugs give a more pronounced and faster result.

All antibiotics work in different ways, tend to penetrate into different environments and create high concentrations in different tissues and organs. Therefore, a doctor must prescribe a certain type of medication.

The selection of the drug is made based on the localization of the infection, symptoms, age, weight of the patient, anamnesis is also taken into account, and the list of antibacterial drugs used is also specified previously.

When prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is necessary to take into account all medications taken by the patient, due to the high activity of antimicrobial substances in relation to other drugs.

Suprax

The active ingredient of the drug - cefixime - is one of the safest broad-spectrum antibiotics. A semi-synthetic substance from the group of cephalosporins (III generation) has a bactericidal effect, highly effective in bronchitis, angina. The drug is one of the most prescribed for acute tonsillitis.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used in suspension for children from 6 months of age. Of the side effects for this age group, stool disorders are noted, so the drug is prescribed together with probiotics.

In adults, it is undesirable to combine the intake with antacids or calcium antagonists. Among the strict contraindications to treatment - only individual intolerance to the group of penicillins and cephalosporins. For kidney diseases, Suprax is approved for use.

The long half-life allows the drug to be taken orally once a day. The course of standard therapy lasts from 7 to 10 days, unless otherwise prescribed. The usual single dosage for adults is 400 mg of active ingredient. For children, the amount of medication is calculated by weight. In case of impaired renal excretion, the dosage is reduced.

Of the disadvantages of the drug, only the high cost is called. The price of an antibiotic in capsules and a granular form of Suprax ranges from 660 to 900 rubles.

Macropen

Tablets and suspension contain the active ingredient midecamycin acetate from the macrolide group. Depending on the dosage, the antibiotic has a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect.

Creates high concentrations in the lungs, submandibular, parotid glands. It is often prescribed for pneumonia, otitis media, infections of the respiratory tract, mouth, skin. No strains resistant to the drug have yet been found.

Acceptance of the liquid form of Macropen is allowed from 3 years old. The drug rarely has side effects, most often with prolonged use (possible dysbiosis, anorexia, intestinal disorders). In case of hepatic or renal insufficiency, the drug is not prescribed.

The average adult dosage of Macropen is 400 mg up to 3 times a day. Therapy is prescribed for a period of 7 to 14 days. The dosage for children does not exceed 50 mg no more than 3 times / day. The price of the drug in different pharmacy chains ranges from 300 to 490 rubles.

Levofloxacin

The drug in tablets or injections from the group of fluoroquinolones, acts bactericidal, disrupting the synthesis of bacterial DNA. It has a strong effect against the widest range of pathogens, the effect manifests itself quickly.

Replaces drugs of the penicillin group or macrolides if they are intolerant. Suitable for the treatment of protracted bronchitis, community-acquired and often recurrent pneumonia. Levofloxacin is also effective for sinusitis, bacterial pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urogenital infections.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children and women during pregnancy are prescribed with extreme caution. In particular, Levofloxacin is contraindicated under 18 years of age. The antibiotic is considered extremely aggressive and incompatible with many drugs. Side effects are often noted after 3-4 days of administration (tremor of the limbs, vomiting, weakness).

It is preferable to use short treatment courses, taking the product once a day. The daily dose is 250 or 500 mg of active ingredient. Do not prescribe the drug for epilepsy, intolerance to fluoroquinolones, tendon damage due to taking drugs from the same group. The cost of Levofloxacin starts from 220 rubles.

Amoxiclav

The combined preparation of amoxicillin protected by clavulanic acid is active against bacteria protected by specific enzymes. Despite the minimum list of contraindications and side effects, the tablet preparation can be used only after 12 years. In the form of a suspension, Amoxiclav is discharged from the age of 3 months.

The dosage of amoxicillin in tablets can be from 250 to 1000 mg, and clavulanate is contained in a constant amount of 125 mg per dose. Therefore, large dosage pills cannot be divided into parts.

It is necessary to purchase tablets in the dosage prescribed by the doctor for 1 admission. The appointment depends on the type of infection, its stage, as well as localization. The minimum course lasts 5 days. Since side reactions are rare, long-term treatment for more than 2 weeks is possible.

A universal antibiotic effectively penetrates the respiratory and genitourinary tract, skin, soft, bone, adipose tissue, without exerting a strong effect on the digestive tract. Therefore, Amoxiclav is the drug of choice for many pathologies of a bacterial nature.

The price in the pharmacy depends on the dosage of the drug and starts from 100 rubles, reaching 400 with the maximum amount of the active ingredient.

Isofra

Antibiotic aminoglycoside of French production, intended for topical use in otorhinolaryngology. Release form - nasal spray, allows you to effectively treat sinusitis of a bacterial nature with intolerance to penicillins.

The usual course of treatment involves applying the spray at least 4 times a day. Side effects are rare and occur only if the product is used for more than 10 days. If there is no effect for a week, the drug is canceled. The appointment is possible only with the integrity of the nasal septa.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children include Isofra as the drug of choice in the treatment of acute or chronic sinusitis. The average price of a spray bottle with a capacity of 15 ml is 400 rubles.

Azithromycin

Semi-synthetic drug is a modification of classic macrolide antibiotics. Differs in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, as well as the ability to concentrate in bronchial secretions and lungs.

Small doses have a bacteriostatic effect, high doses have a bactericidal effect. Effectively prescribing Azithromycin for influenza or acute respiratory viral infections, which are accompanied by bacterial complications (otitis media, tonsillitis, bronchitis).

The drug is available in tablets, capsules, as well as a powder for diluting a suspension. The liquid form is intended for the treatment of children from 6 months of age. Relief of symptoms occurs quickly, the minimum course lasts from 2 days, and the therapeutic effect lasts up to a week.

For uncomplicated infections of the ENT organs, skin, soft tissues, respiratory tract, 1 tablet (50 mg) per day is usually prescribed for 3 days. The course can be extended if necessary, it is not advisable to exceed the daily rate. 1 g per day is prescribed once for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (cervicitis, urethritis).

The risk of adverse reactions is very high, therefore, the dosage, as well as the duration of therapy, should be selected by the doctor. The drug has a long list of contraindications and drug interactions that must be considered before prescribing.

Azithromycin is a budget-friendly treatment option. The cost of packing tablets (3 pcs.) Starts from 40 rubles. Powder for preparing a suspension (16.5 g) costs about 220 rubles.

Tetracycline

The most affordable drug in the ranking of antibiotics with a wide range of effects. Possesses bacteriostatic properties, is available in the form of tablets, eye or external ointment. It is used only from the age of 8.

Differs in rapid effectiveness in the treatment of a wide range of diseases of bacterial origin. Tetracycline is effective for eye damage, purulent processes in tissues or skin. Internal intake quickly eliminates bacterial forms of bronchitis, diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, eliminates cough, lowers temperature.

The drug has many contraindications and side effects, accumulates in bone tissue, stains tooth enamel, and has teratogenic activity on the fetus. Application in children can provoke an abnormal development of the skeleton. Tetracycline is able to enter into drug interactions with many medications, incompatible with penicillins, cephalosporins.

Inside, the drug is taken every 6 hours. A single adult dosage is 250 or 500 mg, the maximum daily amount is 4 g. Outwardly, with conjunctivitis, apply up to 3 times a day, topically - up to 5 times.

The price of the drug in tablet form (pack with 20 pcs.) - from 70 rubles. Ointment for external use 3% (15 ml) costs 85 rubles. Means for treating eyes 1% (5 g) - about 40 rubles.

Furadonin

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children are selected based on their safety and effectiveness. One of the most prescribed antimicrobial agents for patients from 1 month of age is Furadonin.

A drug based on the active substance nitrofurantoin, has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The development of resistance of strains to Furadonin was not recorded.

The main indications for taking the drug are urinary tract infections in adults and children. The drug acts quickly, creating the required concentration in the blood within 30 minutes.

The rate of its elimination requires dividing the daily dose into 4 doses. The daily dose of the drug for adults is 100 mg, for children it is calculated by weight. The course of treatment rarely has to be prolonged for more than 7 days, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within the first day of treatment.

Of the disadvantages of Furadonin, the presence of an exclusively tablet form of the drug is noted. This makes dosing difficult for children, requiring chopping and mixing with food or drink. The price of Furadonin in pharmacies depends on the dosage and usually does not exceed 150 rubles. per pack with 20 tablets.

Cephalexin

A classic antibiotic of the cephalosporin series, which has a minimum number of side effects with a fairly wide range of effects. In the form of a suspension, it can be prescribed to children from 6 months, the tablet form is indicated from 3 years. It is considered the drug of choice for bacterial lesions of the respiratory, genitourinary system, otitis media, infections of the skin, soft tissues in children and adults.

Since cephalosporins of the latest generations rarely exist in tablet form or syrups, Cephalexin remains one of the most prescribed drugs in the group for any unspecified infections. The drug is not effective against anaerobic bacteria; resistance to it in pathogens develops only with abuse or misuse of the antibiotic.

Nevertheless, the drug has an impressive list of side effects, inhibits the intestinal microflora, can cause transient psychomotor disorders, and actively affects the metabolism of other drugs. The dosage, as well as the course of treatment, is calculated by the doctor based on the localization of the infection and the characteristics of the body.

The daily therapeutic dose for adults should not be less than 1 g, divided into doses every 6 hours. Some conditions require an appointment of 2 g / day. The maximum daily amount of Cephalexin for adults is 4 g. For children, the dose is calculated individually at 25-100 mg per kilogram of body weight, also dividing into several doses.

The price of Cephalexin in tablets and capsules does not exceed 80 rubles. per packing. Granules for preparing a suspension for children under 10 years old will cost no more than 70 rubles.

Antibiotics of a broad antimicrobial spectrum are vital for a number of painful conditions for children and adults. Each of the substances has its own specificity and primary purpose.

Even with the broadest coverage of pathogens, the drug may not be effective enough if it is not properly selected or dosing. Therefore, the doctor should be engaged in the appointment of antimicrobial, antibacterial drugs, choosing not only the strongest or most effective, but also the safest drug for the patient.

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