Cefotaxime (Cefotaxime) injections. Price, instructions for use, how to breed for children, an adult, how many days to prick, reviews

Cefotaxime - antibiotic drug, which is often used in the treatment of children and adults. The injections are highly effective, but they have a rather aggressive effect on the body. Therefore, only a doctor should prescribe them after an examination. The price of the medication is affordable, each patient can undergo a course of therapy without serious damage to the budget.

Forms of release and composition

The drug is available only in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution, which is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The powder has a white or yellowish color and is packaged in transparent glass bottles with a volume of 10 ml. It has a standard consistency, in which there are no large particles, it dissolves well when a special liquid is added.

The bottle is always in an individual cardboard box, accompanied by instructions for the correct use of the product. When the powder is diluted, a cloudy liquid of a white or milky hue is formed, bubbles may be present. The liquid has a specific medicinal odor.

As the main substance in the composition of the drug there is a component of cefotaxime. In each bottle, its amount can be 0.5, 1 or 2 g. There are no auxiliary ingredients in the medication, which is considered an advantage, since many additives have a negative effect on the body and increase the risk of developing allergic reactions.

Pharmacological properties

Cefotaxime - injections, the price of which is affordable, which allows them to be used if necessary. The tool has pronounced antibacterial properties, since it affects most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

In addition, the drug has anti-inflammatory properties, since it acts on the affected area, which leads to the destruction of microbes and the removal of edema. As a result, the recovery of the affected tissues is accelerated and the recovery period is shortened.

Additionally, the active substance of the agent prevents the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms on the affected tissues. This helps prevent complications. It should be noted that the active ingredient is active against microorganisms that are resistant to other antibiotics used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

After parenteral administration of the drug, its active component rapidly spreads through the systemic circulation and concentrates in the affected area, providing a therapeutic effect. Cefotaxime belongs to 3 generation cephalosporins, therefore it is active against microorganisms resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides and aminoglycosides.

Most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are killed by the active ingredient. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the ability of the active substance to influence metabolic processes in pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to their disruption. The result is the destruction of cells and the gradual cleansing of tissues from microbes.

In addition, the agent affects the activity of transpeptidase, which leads to impaired absorption of nutrients in pathogenic bacteria. Gradually, the number of microorganisms decreases as they do not get enough of the required ingredients.

It is worth noting that a small number of microbes can develop resistance to cefotaxime over time. That is why it is considered so effective for various pathologies of organs and tissues. After intramuscular administration, absorption and distribution of the active substance occurs more slowly than with intravenous infusion.

The maximum concentration of the active substance in the blood is noted after 30 minutes. after the introduction. The bactericidal effect of the drug persists for 12 hours, that is, repeated administration is required after this period of time in order to maintain the therapeutic effect.

The tool is effective, since its components are concentrated in tissues, pleural cavity, synovial fluid. There is a high concentration of cefotaxime in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as in the tissues of the pericardium.

Despite the effectiveness of the drug, the active substance does not actively bind to blood plasma proteins. This explains the low bioavailability of no more than 35%. The processing of cefotaxime occurs in the liver, where it breaks down into active and inactive metabolites.

The main amount of the drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys within 12-18 hours. Approximately 1/3 of cefotaxime comes out in the form of active metabolites. The rest is evacuated in the form of inactive metabolites. Almost all metabolites are excreted by the kidneys, a small amount is found in the patient's bile.

In patients with mild liver pathologies, there is a slight slowdown in the processing of active components. But this does not weaken the therapeutic effect of the drug.

In case of impaired renal function, a slowdown in the period of evacuation of the ingredient from the body is observed. In each case, the time of assimilation and evacuation may differ depending on the characteristics of the patient's body.

Indications for use

Cefotaxime is a remedy that is used for many diseases. Injections are prescribed for adults and children, and their affordable price makes the medication one of the most demanded.

The main indications for the use of the drug:

• Infectious pathologies in which the spinal cord or brain is damaged, the digestive tract.
• Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system in the acute and chronic stages. The remedy can be used for pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis of the classical and obstructive form, as well as lung abscesses.
• Sometimes the remedy is used for sore throat and severe tonsillitis.
• Hearing system pathologies are also treated with antibiotics. It is prescribed for otitis media of varying severity.
• Sinusitis and sinusitis in acute or chronic form.
• Bacterial meningitis. In this case, the disease is treated at the initial stage, and when complications appear, other means are used.
• Endocarditis and pericarditis of varying degrees of neglect. The concentration of the active substance in the tissues of the heart allows it to be used for inflammation.
• The postoperative period, during which the risk of developing congestive respiratory pathologies increases.
• Infectious pathologies of soft tissues, the presence of purulent wounds, trophic ulcers prone to infection.
• Pathologies of the urinary system, accompanied by inflammation of the urethra, ureters or kidneys. Sometimes the medicine is used for pathologies of the genital organs of bacterial origin, if they were provoked by microorganisms sensitive to cefotaxime.

Quite often, the drug is used for bacterial lesions of bone tissue, for example, with osteomyelitis.

Contraindications

The tool is not used in case of intolerance to its components or detection of allergy to 3 generation cephalosporins in history. It is strictly contraindicated to prescribe the medicine in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. It is prescribed with caution to women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of gestation, since complications may develop.

Do not use the medicine for newborns, as well as for patients who suffer from severe hepatic and renal failure. With internal bleeding of various origins, the remedy is contraindicated.

If the patient is diagnosed with acute enteritis or colitis, antibiotic use is postponed until improvement occurs. This is due to the negative effect of the active substance on the mucous membranes of the stomach.

Contraindications include acute peptic ulcer disease, exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. For elderly patients with diagnosed heart failure, the drug is prescribed after examination. With caution, the medication is used for ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris in the patient's history.

At what age can the drug be used?

Cefotaxime - injections, the price of which is considered the most affordable. The drug is prescribed to patients from 12 months. In this case, the appointment is made only by the pediatrician. The drug is contraindicated in newborns, as it can provoke severe complications.

How to dilute the drug

The powder dissolves well in 0.9% saline solution, as well as Lidocaine or Novocaine 2%.

For intramuscular injections, Novocaine or Lidocaine is used at the rate of 4 ml per 1 bottle of powder. A solution is drawn from the ampoules with a separate needle, after which it is injected into the vial and shaken thoroughly. The prepared solution is drawn into a syringe and injected. But with a new sterile needle.

For intravenous infusions, 10-20 ml of sodium chloride 0.9% is taken per 1 bottle of the drug. Dilution is carried out in a similar manner using a separate needle. A saline solution is taken into a syringe, added to a vial, shaken. The finished medicine is drawn into a syringe and the needle is replaced with a new one.

Instructions for use, dosage, course duration

The drug is used according to different schemes for children and adults, so you should carefully study the instructions before starting the course.

For children

Children under 12 years of age or weighing up to 50 kg are prescribed a dosage based on weight. 1 kg accounts for 50 to 180 mg of the drug. Dilution of the drug is carried out according to the standard scheme, the solvent is selected taking into account how the medication will be administered.

The course of treatment for a child lasts from 5 to 14 days, depending on the severity of symptoms, the presence or absence of complications. It is worth noting that 50-180 mg of the drug per 1 kg of body weight is not administered during the day, but at a time. The procedure is repeated 2 to 6 times per day, depending on the degree of neglect of the disease. It is strictly contraindicated to independently increase the dose or prescribe a course.

For adults

Cefotaxime - injections, the price of which is one of the most acceptable today, often prescribed to adults for various diseases. For such patients, the dose is calculated taking into account the degree of neglect of the condition, the course lasts from 7 to 14 days.

Dilution is carried out according to the standard scheme, after which the drug is injected intravenously with a syringe or intramuscularly. Two treatment regimens are used, depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

The degree of neglect of the disease	Antibiotic treatment regimen
Severe inflammatory and infectious pathological conditions, increased risk of complications	In this condition, the patient is injected with the drug intramuscularly every 4 hours in an amount of 1-2 g. The maximum dosage is 8 g. The treatment lasts up to 10 days. This is usually sufficient to relieve symptoms.
Average and mild course of the disease	In the absence of complications, the agent is most often prescribed intravenously in an amount of 1-2 g in the morning and evening. It is recommended to administer the drug at the same time to ensure a uniform therapeutic effect throughout the day. The course of treatment lasts 7-10 days

If necessary, the doctor can extend the course, but its duration should not exceed 3 weeks.

Side effects

If the instructions are violated, the risk of developing negative reactions increases. However, it cannot be ruled out if all the rules are followed.

The most common side effects:

• On the part of the nervous system, headache, dizziness, drowsiness and signs of depression are noted. Sometimes patients talk about sleep disturbance, apathy, deterioration in general well-being.
• Disturbances from the blood system are manifested in the form of a decrease in the number of platelets, prothrombin components, and erythrocytes.
• On the part of the digestive tract, nausea, frequent loose stools and dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are noted. The patient speaks of thirst, lack of appetite, pain in the stomach and intestines. Some people note increased gas production, which can lead to intestinal colic. Sometimes, during treatment, jaundice, colitis, or enteritis develops.
• An allergic reaction from the skin and mucous membranes manifests itself in the form of a rash, swelling, peeling and itching. Women also note itching in the genital area, the development of thrush against the background of dysbiosis of the body.

As a rule, complications disappear after stopping the use of the drug. If they get worse, you need to see a doctor.

Overdose

There have been cases of drug overdose, so it is important to strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations. With a constant excess of the recommended dose, there is a significant deterioration in the general condition of the patient, the development of severe headache and nausea. As symptoms progress, vomiting is frequent, unrelated to food intake.

In some patients, impaired consciousness, convulsions and changes in blood pressure indicators in one direction or another are noted. An allergic reaction with an overdose is aggravated, accompanied by severe itching and the spread of the rash over large areas of the skin.

Only in some cases do patients develop Quincke's edema, which makes breathing difficult as a result of swelling of the mucous membranes in the throat. If signs of an overdose appear, it is worth stopping the use of the medication and visiting a doctor for symptomatic therapy.

special instructions

Cefotaxime - injections, the price of which is affordable. They are prescribed after a preliminary test for sensitivity to the active substance. For this, an intradermal injection is made, which involves the introduction of a small amount of the drug. Before the introduction, a standard dilution of 1 vial of an antibiotic with 10 ml of sodium chloride is carried out.

After that, 0.1 ml of the total amount of the resulting drug is taken into a separate 10 ml syringe and the physiological solution is added to it to the final mark. The resulting product is used for testing. The patient's response is monitored for 20-30 minutes. If it is negative, as evidenced by the absence of rash and irritation at the injection site, it is allowed to use the medicine.

For patients who suffer from liver pathologies, the remedy can be dangerous. That is why, when using it, the doctor regularly examines the patient, identifies signs of complications and adjusts the dose if necessary. In order to prevent the development of bleeding, many patients are prescribed additional drugs that help to avoid complications.

If signs of enteritis or colitis appear during treatment, the drug is discontinued. With intramuscular and intravenous infusion, complications are possible at the injection site in the form of an abscess or phlebitis. In this case, compulsory medical attention is required, since there is a risk of spreading the infection through the systemic circulation.

Drug interactions

It is strictly forbidden to use the agent simultaneously with other antibacterial medicines from the group of 3rd generation cephalosporins. Do not prescribe medication in combination with loop diuretics and aminoglycosides, as this increases the risk of developing liver pathologies.

Antiplatelet agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with an antibiotic increase the risk of bleeding. Do not mix a medication with other medications in the same syringe. The only exception is Lidocaine and Novocaine.

Analogs

If for some reason the use of the agent is impossible, it is required to select a substitute with similar therapeutic properties.

The most effective analogues:

• Ceftriaxone - the most popular analogue, which is also available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a parenteral solution. It is highly effective, has a pronounced bactericidal effect, since it belongs to 3rd generation cephalosporins. It is prescribed for adults and children of different ages. The dosage for the latter is determined taking into account body weight. The scheme of use does not differ from that used when prescribing Cefotaxime.
• Claforan - an absolute analogue of Cefotaxime based on the same active ingredient. Possesses pronounced antibacterial properties, is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. A remedy is prescribed for various inflammatory, infectious pathologies of soft tissues, bones and internal organs.
• Cefosin - another analogue of the agent based on cefotaxime, which has pronounced properties. It is prescribed for adults and children, helps to destroy gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, reduces the likelihood of complications. The treatment regimen is different in each case, depending on the disease and the patient's age.
• Cefabol - a drug based on cefotaxime, which is produced in the form of a powder for obtaining a parenteral solution. It is distinguished by increased efficiency in the fight against various pathological conditions, therefore it can be used even at advanced stages of diseases.

Any of the analogs has such medicinal properties, but the use is allowed only after examination by a doctor.

Terms, conditions of sale and storage

Dispensing funds in pharmacies is carried out by prescription, which helps to avoid self-medication. You can store the product in a cool and dark place.

The maximum shelf life is 2 years.

Price

The cost of the medicine is approximately 20-30 rubles. for 1 bottle. In different pharmacies, the price may differ.

Cefotaxime is a popular and effective antibiotic that is prescribed for various pathologies of internal organs. Injections are used to treat children and adults, and their price allows you to complete the full course without significant costs. It is important to consult a specialist before starting the course.

Video about the drug Cefotaxime

Overview of cefotaxime ampoules: