Subsequent myocardial infarction - a recurrence of ischemic myocardial necrosis. This pathological process occurs when a blood clot clogging arteries, which occurs when high blood viscosity and high cholesterol in the plasma. After a myocardial infarction in the area of the scar tissue is formed. There is a life-threatening condition in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessels.
Causes
The likelihood of re-infarction is higher in those patients who are neglected by your doctor after the first attack, and continue to lead normal life. If a sick person does not change his diet and does not follow the required regimen of drugs, the risk of relapse increases several times. In the absence of drug therapy there is still greater deposition of cholesterol on vascular walls, resulting in their lumen narrows.
Reinfarction often occurs in people with additional pathologies, such as:
- diabetes;
- hypertension;
- obesity.
Relapse is possible with alcohol abuse, tobacco and fatty foods. Tension and also a large amount of stress are predisposing factors. If a person with coronary heart disease are not taking anticoagulants, the risk of encountering a second heart attack increases dramatically.
What are the symptoms
Acute circulatory failure often occurs suddenly. The attack can last from 30 minutes to several hours. In some cases, the symptoms persists for days. The pain then subsides, it becomes intense. The person feels the fear of death. The moment of an attack can occur dyspnea. The patient becomes excited or, on the contrary, there is a weakness in the whole body.
Reinfarction manifests as severe pain in the left breast. Man may initially feel an attack of angina pectoris. Thus there is a severe disturbance of blood circulation with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. The pain may radiate to the shoulder blade, neck and jaw. The intensity of the symptoms of myocardial infarction is dependent on the focal necrosis.
The second may be more severe myocardial first. In this case, the patient becomes pale skin, sweating occurs. Most people at the time of the attack dramatically jumps blood pressure or, conversely, falling to a critical level, so often there is a loss of consciousness.
A person can feel the arrhythmia and increased heart rate. During this period, high risk of pulmonary edema. May further increase body temperature which does not fall within a few days. In atypical forms of attack occurs choking and coughing.
How to avoid
Reinfarction can be prevented. For this purpose, you need to follow the following recommendations:
- Take all the medicines prescribed by the doctor. Do not deviate from the scheme, not to reduce the dosage of medications.
- Try not to be nervous. Avoid physical and mental stress.
- Exclude from the diet of fatty foods, fast foods and reduce salt intake.
- To give up smoking and alcohol.
- Control the level of cholesterol in the blood. When inflated figures to take appropriate medications.
- 1 every six months to pass an electrocardiogram, blood tests and urine tests.
- Monitor blood pressure. Avoid spikes in blood pressure.
- Visit the sanatorium, designed for the period rehabilitation after a first heart attack.
- Take vitamins and strengthen the immune system.
- Often go outdoors.
- In diabetes take medication maintenance therapy.
- Do not lift weights.
To forecast after the first attack was favorable, it is important to carry out special exercises designed for soft training the heart muscle. This can be done only with the permission of a doctor.
Features of treatment
Reinfarction requires first aid, which often helps to save the life of the patient. The patient must be laid and unbutton clothes. It is important to ensure a flow of fresh air. It is recommended to open all the windows. Give the patient a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and try to calm her. If the hand is an effervescent tablet of aspirin, then quickly dissolve them in water and let the victim.
If a person is unconscious and barely detectable pulse, it is necessary to make a punch in the sternum. This manipulation will start the heart. Ambulance need to call immediately after the attack. time delay could cost a person their life. If possible, it is recommended to introduce nitroglycerin intravenously with the appropriate skills.
The reanimation department patient intravenously administered narcotic analgesics in combination with neuroleptics. For the treatment of reinfarction used ß-blockers, lidocaine (for getting rid of arrhythmias), magnesia and blood thinners. In severe cases, resorted to angioplasty. Such a method of surgery can restore blood flow in the affected artery by a thrombus.
For these purposes, special catheters are used that expand when placed in the lumen of the vessel. In very advanced cases a coronary artery bypass surgery - a difficult operation, implying replace diseased arteries with artificial material that promotes recovery circulation.
