First aid for heart attack: emergency, home, person, algorithm of actions, pre-medical, what to do before the arrival of the ambulance, medical measures

Infarction of the heart muscle (myocardium) - a violation of normal blood circulation, which is caused by blockage of the large body of vessels. Lack of oxygen to the tissues provokes their hypoxia and subsequent necrosis, which has a negative effect on the contractile function of the heart.

The timely and proper conduct first aid for a heart attack is one of the main factors that affect the risk of complications and duration of rehabilitation.

How to recognize an attack very

Emergency care in myocardial infarction plays an important role in the subsequent recovery of the patient, therefore it is necessary to know how to recognize the symptoms of disease and to distinguish them from other signs violations.

Hallmarks of a heart attack are:

• Acute cardiac pain. This syndrome in acute cardiac circulatory tackle has crushing, compressing, burning character. Due to the sharp cutting sense of pain that accompanies a heart attack, it called the "dagger". It can be localized in the left side of the chest or behind the breastbone, giving the left arm, neck, shoulder, jaw and upper abdomen. Pain syndrome persists for 15 minutes or more what distinguishes from other myocardial heart disease.
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• Severe sweating, panic and fear of death. The autonomic nervous system reacts to a sharp pain increased activity of sweat glands. Simultaneously with sweating and pain a patient arises tachycardia (increased heart rate), panic and strong fear of death, which are characteristic signs of infarction.
• Dizziness, weakness, and impaired consciousness. Cerebral form pathology provokes neurological disorders. Great weakness and fainting complicate the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and first aid.
• Nausea (rarely vomiting). This symptom is more typical not anginal, and for abdominal form of myocardial infarction. However, nausea can also occur because of a strong fear of changes in blood pressure and the pathological response of the nervous system.
• Shortness of breath, a feeling of suffocation. Shortness of breath and sudden pallor caused by hypoxia, can testify as a heart attack or angina, and myocardial about. Shortness of breath strengthens a sense of panic in the patient.
• Lack of response to antihypoxants. There are several heart diseases, symptoms are similar to the picture infarction. Angina provoked by a lack of oxygen in the myocardium and stopped by the receiving means which reduce tissue oxygen demand (Nitroglycerin and analogs thereof). In myocardial pain does not disappear or is weakened after receiving antigipoksantov.

Symptoms of disease may be mild or manifest atypically, so calling an ambulance and ECG are required even when an atypical clinical picture.

Why it is important first aid

The time factor is the most important in the treatment of acute disorders of blood circulation, so the quality first aid in myocardial directly affects the prospects of rehabilitation patient.

The risk of severe heart failure, and the size of necrotic area depend on how quickly the doctors were able to remove a blood clot overlying the coronary artery, and restore circulation. Helping before the ambulance can improve blood rheology, reduce oxygen consumption and ischemic tissues 2-3 times to reduce the risk of death.

Emergency procedures and deliver the patient to the hospital is necessary in the first few hours after the onset of pain syndrome: the most effective treatments for myocardial (angioplasty and thrombolysis) are effective for 1.5-6 hours after start attack.

When angioplasty into the lumen of the affected artery with a balloon is introduced a conductor through which eliminate the thrombus and expanding the vessel. Thereafter, a special reinforced wall skeleton (stent). The time from symptom onset to angioplasty should be no more than 1.5 hours.

Thrombolytic complex can be administered by doctors ambulance before arrival at the hospital, but you must take action within 6 hours after the onset of pain.

What to do in first aid

What needs to be done to provide first aid in case of myocardial infarction (sequence of actions when the first symptoms of disorders):

1. Call an ambulance. If the person is conscious, it must be done in the first place. In the absence of breathing or heartbeat, and unconscious patient should first release it and carry airways cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
2. Put the patient, slightly bent his knees and raising the upper body with the help of a pillow, folded clothes or other materials at hand. Open the window in the room and release the patient's chest and neck by tight clothing.
3. In the absence of allergy to the drug to the patient a tablet aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Dosage means must be 250-300 mg (1 tablet a standard low-dose aspirin or 3-4 cardiology). To the drug worked quickly, the pill must first crush or chew.
4. If possible, find an ambulance and to prepare in advance the medical man documents (maps, hospital discharge policy). This allows doctors to quickly provide assistance in myocardial and properly assess the patient's condition.

Required nitroglycerin, korvalola and valerian extract in myocardial infarction care is not included. If a patient taking nitroglycerin before and the pressure is not less than normal (120/80 mm Hg), the tablet or spray dose can help to reduce hypoxia. If the response to the drug is unknown, and the possibility to measure pressure is absent from the drug administration should be avoided, since low blood pressure, it exacerbates the impaired blood flow.

Corvalol and other sedatives help to reduce panic.

In the absence of consciousness and stop breathing and cardiac first aid in myocardial algorithm is slightly different:

1. Check pulse and breathing of the patient.
2. During cardiac arrest, hit hard in the chest of the patient with a height of 30-40 cm. Precordial blow is punched from the side edges palm.
3. If not breathing, put under the patient's neck cushion, throw his head back and clear the airway tissue (eg, vomit).
4. If there is no pulse and respiration is necessary to chest compressions and rescue breathing. To perform chest compressions need to put one hand on the breastbone in the region of the heart, the other - on it. Pushing need straightened his arms, bending the chest by 4-5 cm at a frequency of 100-120 repetitions per minute. Every 15 clicks to do the 2nd exit into the mouth or nose of the patient. You need to massage to full cardiac resuscitation or emergency crews arrived.
5. By the intensive care unit is necessary to involve as many people as possible around since they can call for help during the massage and change the person performing CPR.
6. To exclude gross errors at time of pre-hospital care in myocardial infarction can communicate with emergency dispatcher on speakerphone.

Should not be limited to assistance that can be given at home. Even with timely application of laboratory medicine necessary hardware and examination of the patient, in a hospital room and watching the cardiologist.

How to help yourself

In the absence of people nearby first aid in myocardial infarction you must provide itself independently. If you experience severe pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms of the pathology should:

1. Call the medical team. emergency care must be called as soon as possible in case of myocardial infarction, as finding the patient alone increases the risk of death.
2. To take the necessary medicine.
3. Accumbency take, remove or undo the clothes on the upper body. Breathing should be slow and measured. Confined to bed rest and taking money from the home medicine cabinet should not be: a suspected heart attack first aid is only a stage of treatment.
4. Call relatives or neighbors to tell about his condition.

Help with myocardial suggests calm expectation of medical teams that attempts to get yourself up hospital by car or on foot contribute to the expansion of the necrotic zone and multiply the risk complications.