Life after myocardial infarction is often shortened due to the development of irreversible changes in the tissues (Necrosis), a decrease in contractile function of the heart and the development of heart failure and other consequences. Such people are in need of proper care by relatives and constant supervision. Failure to comply with medical recommendations may cause reinfarction and death.
What might be the consequences
The most severe consequences of infarction observed in extensive transmural necrosis of tissue in the absence of timely medical or surgical care. Complications come in early (occur in the first hours and days since the beginning of acute ischemia of the heart muscle) and later. The following consequences:
- Arrythmia. This form of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by extraordinary contractions of the myocardium. This condition manifests shortness of breath, a feeling of disruption of the heart and anxiety.
- Paroxysmal tachycardia. Characterized speeded up (up to 200 or more strokes) palpitation. For such people there is normal sinus rhythm. Attack of tachycardia manifested by tinnitus, dizziness, chest discomfort and autonomic symptoms.
- Atrial fibrillation. It is characterized by jerking of individual fibers or chaotic infarction and frequent atrial contraction.
- Violation of the conduction of nerve impulses to the heart (block).
- Ventricular flutter. The most severe form of cardiac arrhythmia in which the ventricles often (200-300 times per minute), and disorganized. In this case, the right rhythm maintained. Ventricular flutter manifests itself by reducing the pressure, respiratory failure, dilated pupils, pale skin, and cyanosis. This condition can go into fibrillation.
- Heart failure. Characterized by a decrease in cardiac output and oxygen deficiency of all organs and systems. When a heart attack most often develops left ventricular failure.
- cardiogenic shock. Urgent condition that develops as a result of severe blood disorders. This extreme degree of heart failure, in which greater than 60% lethality. This complication develops in the deaths of more than 40-50% of cardiomyocytes. Shock symptoms are chest pain, reduced respiratory rate, a sense of fear of death, the presence of the foam from his mouth pink color (in the case of established pulmonary edema), severe hypotension, reduction and inhibition of diuresis consciousness.
- Cardiac tamponade. Arises against rupture of the muscle fibers. Tamponade is characterized by bleeding into the pericardial sac.
- Pulmonary embolism. This complication occurs in 2-3% of people who have suffered a heart attack. Thromboembolism is more common in people with a tendency to thrombosis. blood clot breaks away from the vessel wall and is carried away with the blood clogging main artery.
- Sudden death.
- Formation of acute aneurysm. Harmful infarct in that the scar tissue is formed which can protuberans. Formed abnormal enlargement of the myocardium. This portion is thin and may break. Often cardiac aneurysm formed on the background of the defeat of the left ventricle.
- Dressler syndrome. At this pathology affected pericardium (pericardium). This complication occurs in 15-30% of patients. The underlying autoimmune response in response to the selection and entering the blood proteins from the disrupted tissue. Dressler syndrome manifested cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, low grade fever, rapid breathing, tachycardia, nausea and dizziness.
- Inflammation of the pleura.
- Pulmonary edema.
- Thrombosis.
- Ischemic stroke. It occurs due to blockage of a blood clot to tear the cerebral arteries, and acute tissue ischemia. Shown motor, speech disturbances, blurred vision and headaches.
- Joint disease. Possible against the background of post-infarction syndrome.
- Collapse (sudden reduction in blood pressure).
Every cardiologist should know the risk of heart attack and the consequences of this disease.
For men
With the development of a heart attack in men effects are not specific features. They are similar to those in women. Consequences microinfarction less dangerous since necrosis zone small in this pathology. Male body after myocardial necrosis ceases to function properly. In the heart decreases the number of functional cells, which are responsible for the contractility. As a result, the ventricles emit enough blood. From lack of oxygen affects various organs (kidney, brain, lungs).
The consequence of myocardial infarction in men can be a heart attack. Most often it occurs within 6-7 days of onset of acute ischemia. In view of the weaker psyche and stress men are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. They may alternate with periods of euphoria. This is not the most dangerous consequences after a heart attack in men.
For women
Myocardial infarction consequences for women determined by the magnitude and depth of the necrotic zone. The most dangerous extensive (large) form of the disease involving the entire thickness of the heart muscle. Do women have the same complications as the men. In myocardial heart effects may be from the heart and other organs. The older the woman, the higher the risk of complications. The most unfavorable prognosis observed in myocardial against the background of systemic atherosclerosis and coronary artery trunk.
In contrast to a massive heart attack, a minor heart attack in women may be asymptomatic or with poor clinical picture. It is difficult to diagnose and contributes to the progression coronary heart disease the female half of the population. extensive myocardial necrosis may develop in the future.
how many live
The prognosis of myocardial infarction almost always unfavorable, due to the development of dangerous complications. Most critical are the first days after an attack of acute ischemia. During this period, there is the most deaths. People live after a heart attack less. If you eat properly, in a timely manner to ask for help and take the medicine, you can live for several decades.
Statistics
The number of people who have suffered a myocardial infarction more than 2 Mill. For this part of the population forecast disappointing. In hospital mortality conditions is about 35%. If from the beginning of the attack people live a month, then later the probability that he will live at least a year is about 80%. Five-year survival rate (survival) after myocardial infarction was 70%.
Some people after a heart attack live 10 years or more, but in this case a high risk of relapse. The number of such patients does not exceed 50%. 20 years or more live only 25% of people who have suffered an acute heart attack.
From what duration of life depends
When a heart attack prognosis depends largely on:
- the person's age;
- causes heart attack;
- comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis);
- lifestyle;
- timeliness and completeness of care.
If assistance was provided in the early hours and minutes since the beginning of ischemic stroke, the risk of complications is less, thus above the five-year survival. Such a person lives long. Myocardial infarction prognosis for life deteriorates if previously had attacks of acute ischemia.
rehabilitation period
After discharge from the hospital the person required rehabilitation measures. They include:
- Proper nutrition. Patients often assigned table №10. After a heart attack must abandon alcoholic beverages, coffee, fatty foods, the richness of soups and broths, mayonnaise, egg yolks, fatty meats, sausages, pancakes, pastries a dough, by-products, canned foods, sausages, pickles and sweets. There is a need 5-6 times a day. Meals are recommended to be used in a boiled, stewed or baked form. It is important to include in the menu of fresh fruits, vegetables and foods rich in potassium and magnesium. After myocardial should reduce salt intake and fluid.
- Emotional unloading. Sick, you should not be nervous and be subjected to stress.
- Hiking in the fresh air.
- Spa treatment.
- Regular monitoring by a doctor.
- Exclusion of heavy physical labor.
- Rejection of bad habits.
- Exercise therapy.
- The use of cardiac fees. Their composition can include greater celandine, sage, meadowsweet and other herbs. Folk remedies must be approved by your doctor.
After infarct patients prescribed drugs (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides, calcium channel blockers, adaptogens, statins, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents). It is necessary to adhere strictly to the regime of medications and dosages.
The probability of reinfarction
Heart attack often recurs. This often happens after 2 months or more after the first attack. If this period is less, then it is a recurrence. For most people, the repeated attacks of acute ischemia occurs when irreversible changes of the coronary arteries that occurs in atherosclerosis. The operation (coronary artery bypass grafting or stenting) reduces the risk of recurrent attacks.
