lung infarction is a pathology that develops due to blockage by a thrombus medium or small vessels of the lungs. The clot can be formed in the pulmonary circulatory system, or to move from peripheral veins. This condition can be fatal, so it is necessary to know the causes and symptoms of the disease.
From what is
The disease may develop because of exposure to the following factors:
- swelling;
- bone fracture;
- rheumatism;
- sepsis;
- anemia;
- endocarditis;
- burns;
- thrombophlebitis;
- polycythemia;
- phlebothrombosis;
- hypercoagulable;
- infarcted renal disease.
Infarct pneumonia is:
- After removal of the spleen;
- during prolonged hormonal therapy;
- if overweight;
- during chemotherapy;
- during prolonged immobilization;
- due to medication, which enhance blood clotting;
- in the early postpartum period;
- in case of damage of the vessel wall at the puncture veins.
Pulmonary infarction, whose causes are different, must be diagnosed in a timely manner.
How to recognize and diagnose
On the development of the disease indicates the characteristic symptoms, which manifests itself in the form of:
- pain in the sternum;
- hemoptysis;
- palpitations, constituting greater than 100 beats per 60 seconds;
- elevated body temperature;
- shortness of breath;
- pallor and blueness of the skin and mucous membranes;
- malfunction of the heart;
- lowering blood pressure.
Pronounced manifestation of symptoms of pulmonary infarction is not from the time of vascular occlusion, and 2-3 days after it. At the first sign of the disease is necessary for a complete examination.
Diagnosis is a cardiologist and pulmonologist, based on the complaints of the patient, examination, feeling the chest, listening to her stethoscope and the results of other research methods:
- X-ray provides a picture in which the visible light portion of the fabric to a lack of oxygen and presence of fluid in the pleural cavity and, as computed tomography and multislice computed tomography;
- ECG shows overload the right side of the heart;
- antipulmonografiya reveals a blockage of the pulmonary artery branches;
- Echocardiography reveals signs of increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and blood clots in the dilated right heart;
- scintigraphy indicates whether there is deterioration in blood supply of lung tissues;
- Vascular ultrasound helps to identify abnormalities in the veins of the legs.
The laboratory conducted the following studies:
- Using blood gas fix a reduced amount of oxygen.
- Complete blood count allows you to see an increased number of white blood cells, indicating the reaction of the affected lung cells.
- In the presence of disease biochemical analysis shows improvement of lactate and total bilirubin.
How is
Therapeutic measures must start after the first signs pulmonary embolism. A patient brought to the hospital and intensive care unit of Heparin is administered. The drug can not eliminate the clot, but it stops increasing and thrombotic processes.
Spasm of the pulmonary arterioles and bronchioles decreases after administration of the agent. Treatment lasts 7-10 days. At this time, control the activated partial thromboplastin time, and used low molecular weight heparin, which include enoxaparin, dalteparin and Fraksiparin.
If pulmonary infarction, the treatment of which must be timely used narcotic analgesics that help relieve pain, reduce shortness of breath and reduced to a small range of load circulation. For this purpose, the patient is administered intravenously 1 percent Morphine solution. When pleural pain which is exacerbated or fades from respiration, changes in body position and cough, it is recommended to use non-narcotic agents. In most cases, introduced a 50 percent solution of Analgin intravenously.
Pulmonary infarction, symptoms and treatment is individual, can be accompanied by podzheludochkovoy failure or shock. In such a situation it is necessary to apply vasopressors, which include Dobutomin and Dopamine. If the patient bronchospasm occurs, it is slowly added 2.4 percent aminophylline solution.
When a heart attack, pneumonia, lung treatments include antibiotics. If there is calm hypotension and right ventricular hypokinesis used thrombolytic drugs. In some cases, you may need to thrombectomy (surgical intervention). To eliminate a small heart attack need from 8 to 12 days.
Consequences and forecasts
In rare cases, the pathology leading to death. Prognosis affects the timeliness of therapeutic activities and the occurrence of secondary diseases. Complications include the replacement of dead cells of lung connective tissue, which impairs the operation of the affected organ. In addition, there may be other negative consequences:
- lung abscess is formed in pneumonia or in necrosis;
- infarct-pneumonia develops in inflammation of the tissues around the lesion, due to stagnation of blood and can provoke bacterial pathogen adherence, respiratory failure and the development of adhesions process;
- pulmonary insufficiency to chronic forms;
- collapse, caused by the sharp drop in blood pressure.
Favorable prognosis is observed at timely elimination of cardiopulmonary problems using anticoagulants. Most patients return to normal life. The situation could deteriorate just because of complications.
