Comprehensive treatment after myocardial infarction drugs intended to prevent relapse and therapy prevention of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, as well as stabilization of blood pressure. Prescribed medicines of different orientation.
statins
Myocardial infarction developed in connection with the growth of atherosclerotic plaques and blood clots form on them. After suffering an attack pathological processes do not stop. For this reason, there is a high likelihood of relapse.
Medication after myocardial appointed to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis and to prevent formation of blood clots within the coronary arteries. With this task cope statins. This group of drugs stops platelets from sticking together.
The drugs are characterized as follows:
- improved cholesterol cleavage;
- accelerates cholesterol excreted, it stabilizes blood;
- reduce inflammation in blood vessels.
In rare cases, it is impossible to take statins (cirrhosis, a number of genetic disorders, pregnancy, and others.). Patients with contraindications are assigned other groups of medicaments.
Before the appointment of physician refers a patient to a blood laboratory study to evaluate the level of cholesterol. At a high rate of efficiency is assigned to a diet medication.
Statins may be associated with adverse symptoms. May cause dizziness, weakness, nausea, or swelling. In some cases, there is violation of the chair, the pressure fluctuations, increased sweating, pain in joints and muscles.
Beta-blockers
By quickening heart rate causes the heart to stimulate the relationship with the nervous system and increase in catecholamines in the blood. Increased activity of the myocardium. This requires an increase in energy of the heart, can create favorable conditions for the development of angina. Therefore, an important area of drug treatment of myocardial infarction is receiving a beta-adrenergic blockers.
Adrenergic drugs reduce the effect on the heart muscle, reduces the influence of the nervous system to the heart, making it easier to work.
The mechanism of action is characterized as follows:
- stabilizing pulse;
- reduced cardiac output, coronary outflow;
- lowers arterial blood pressure;
- reduces the load on the heart.
Reduced uptake of oxygen by the heart muscle, the peripheral resistance is increased.
It applies 2 types of blockers:
- Cardioselective. Affect the heart (B1) receptors.
- A non-cardioselective. Affect the cardiac and smooth muscle receptors (B2).
This group of drugs is not assigned under reduced blood pressure, bradycardia, asthma, and vascular pathologies.
Possible side effects include bronchospasm, and peripheral vascular disease, dizziness, headache. Possible allergic reactions and the development of the syndrome.
nitropreparatov
Nitro compounds are often prescribed for angina. This group of products is divided into:
- Organic and inorganic nitrites.
- Organic nitrates short and prolonged action.
It is considered the most effective drug nitroglycerin. The mechanism of action is due to exposure to oxygen consumption and its transportation to the heart. Redistribution of coronary blood flow, reducing the wall tension of the heart muscle. Reduced systolic pressure, reduced effect on arteries and collaterals, increases blood flow in the ischemic zone.
Various forms of nitroglycerine and its derivatives are designed to prolong the therapeutic effect. Prolonged effect caused by a slow resorption of tablets in myocardial it maintains the desired concentration of the active substance over time.
These drugs are aimed at a heart attack:
- the removal of pain;
- vasodilation;
- on the blood pressure stabilization.
Among the side effects may be observed, or addiction withdrawal organism. In some cases, there are dizziness and headache, increased heart rate, decrease in pressure.
Antiplatelet agents
This group of agents used in myocardial infarction, prevents the formation of thrombi in arteries. At the time of the blood coagulation process plates blocked the connection and prevents the clotting of plasma.
Antiplatelet agents have the following effects:
- affect the hemostatic system;
- increased plasma coagulation was stopped;
- have a blood-thinning effect;
- blocking excessive formation of thrombin.
Drugs in this group are counter a tendency to hemorrhage, hemorrhagic diathesis and liver failure.
May provoke the development of peptic ulcer disease of the digestive tract, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and bleeding.
ACE inhibitors
The mechanism of action of the preparations is characterized by inhibition of production of angiotensin converting enzyme. This compound is responsible for the metabolism of angiotensin (from I to fraction II). In step angiotensin II promotes vasoconstriction lumen their spasm.
The enzyme increases the peripheral resistance, aldosterone synthesis, fluid retention.
Blockers ACE effect is characterized as follows:
- Both fractions were inactivated enzyme;
- dilates blood vessels;
- normal blood pressure;
- It improves the function of the heart and circulatory systems.
In myocardial changes occur in the ventricles. Consequently, the expansion body cavities violated geometry may occur. Acronyms lose efficiency, which leads to heart failure. Use of drugs with myocardial infarction from the group consisting of ACE inhibitors prevents the structural rearrangement of the heart.
Drugs are not appointed in stenosis of the aorta and renal arteries, with hyperkalemia.
Taking medicines in some cases it may be accompanied by a decrease in hematopoietic function, dry cough, nausea and vomiting.
Angiotensin receptor blockers
The list of prescribed drugs after myocardial infarction include angiotensin (ARB) receptors. These drugs act on the synthesis of angiotensin.
Differences from ACE inhibitors:
- Do not affect the levels of bradykinin and other peptides.
- Block the adverse effects of angiotensin second fraction without inhibiting the receptor function.
- Characterized by alternate exposure at the receptor level.
The therapeutic effect of an ARB is characterized as follows:
- stabilized pressure in the vessels;
- improving blood circulation;
- prevents myocardial hypertrophy.
Contraindications and side effects are similar to the previous group of drugs. In the treatment of ARBs develop dry cough observed less frequently. This group of drugs is different well tolerated by the body. Simultaneous treatment with ACE inhibitors increases the risk of renal failure and hyperkalemia.
When a heart attack and may be assigned to other drugs designed to symptomatic treatment. These include antihypoxants, diuretics and antihypertensives, drugs to normalize blood pressure. The attending physician determines individually what medications the patient can drink, and in what dosages. An integrated approach to therapy maintains the proper operation of the vessels and the heart. Treat myocardial necessary for a long time, sometimes require continuous medication throughout life.
To maintain health it is important to avoid physical and emotional tension, follow the doctor's recommendations regarding the daily diet and give up bad habits.
