Subendocardial myocardial infarction: what it is, sharp, why there is manifested, particularly the treatment of

Under subendocardial myocardial infarction understand myocardial necrosis, accompanied by severe pressure on some areas of the myocardium. The disease leads to disruption of the heart rhythm and blood circulation, development of heart failure. This type of heart attack characterized by a large area of ​​destruction. The attack is the rapid development.

why is there

Acute subendocardial myocardial infarction develops under the influence of the following factors:

1. Genetic predisposition. Most diseases of the cardiovascular system is inherited.
2. Age-related changes in the body. Violations of the coronary blood flow most often diagnosed in patients older than 50 years. Among young people heart attacks are common not so widely.
3. Gender. Among patients younger than 70 years of the occurrence of the disease is more common in men. In the elderly the risk of disease is equally characteristic of both sexes.
4. Malnutrition. circulatory failure occurs due to clogging of blood vessels cholesterol deposits. Increase in blood cholesterol is eating fatty, fried and salty foods.
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5. Hypertension.
6. Hypertriglyceridemia. With this pathological condition increases the level of protein-fat low density compounds. They are deposited in the coronary arteries, disrupting the blood supply to the heart.
7. Uneven exercise. Excessive physical activity is dangerous for the heart as well as a sedentary lifestyle.
8. Overweight. Obesity causes many chronic pathologies that lead to the development of coronary heart disease and heart attack.
9. The availability of unhealthy habits. Violates the heart smoking and systematic use of alcoholic beverages.
10. Endocrine disorders. Heart rhythm disturbance is observed in diabetes, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency.
11. Psycho-emotional overload, stress. Different types of acute myocardial often diagnosed in highly sensitive, emotional and aggressive people. Constant stress disrupts the work of all organs, in Vol. H. heart.

What are the symptoms

The clinical picture of a heart attack depends on the stage of attack:

1. Prodrome. At this stage there are signs of angina pain in the left side of the chest. They appear after exercise. Pain shot nitroglycerin.
2. The acute stage. During this period there are intense pain in the chest. Nitroglycerin and other drugs such actions are ineffective. The patient feels a strong fear: becoming excited and restless. The first signs of heart failure: swelling of the legs, cold upper and lower extremities, pale skin.
3. The acute period. At this stage, the patient's condition deteriorates. Appears cutting pain in the chest, which has a rising character. Pain syndrome accompanied by sweating, muscle weakness, impaired consciousness, panic attacks, night sleeplessness.
4. Subacute stage. The intensity of pain is reduced. The patient's condition is normalized, that is mistaken for recovery. The activity of the affected areas of the heart muscle becomes low. Because of this, there is shortness of breath, severe swelling of the legs, exercise intolerance.
5. scarring phase. At this stage, it terminates the process of replacement of dead tissue connecting muscle. The clinical picture of this stage depends on the area affected. The patient's condition stabilized. Blood pressure and body temperature reached normal values. Pain become ill-defined. May experience angina attacks and asphyxia. The patient complains of a pressing pain in the chest, shortness of breath, attacks of cardiac asthma observed (gasp).

Features of treatment

Diagnosis and treatment of diseases are carried out in a hospital. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the outcome of heart attack. The most effective and safe drug therapy is considered. The patient is administered the following preparations:

1. Antiplatelet agents (aspirin). Medicine thins the blood, normalizes the blood flow in the coronary arteries. The drug should not be administered for bleeding, hemorrhagic complications, gastric ulcer.
2. Anticoagulants (Clopidogrel). Active substances inhibit the production of enzymes involved in blood coagulation. Drugs inhibit the formation of blood clots in large vessels. The dose depends on the patient's age. elderly people, treatment is initiated with the introduction of the minimum effective dose.
3. Thrombolytics (Urokinase). Used to dissolve blood clots in the acute phase of a heart attack.
4. Beta-blockers (metoprolol). Drugs reduce heart rate, blood pressure is normalized.

In marked disturbance of blood circulation is required oxygen supply from outside. It is fed through nasal catheters. When a massive heart attack prescribe surgical intervention to restore blood supply to the heart. Patients who have suffered a subendocardial infarction, need to avoid any stress, eat properly and to comply with bed rest.