1 Characteristics of the disease: factors of development and manifestations of

The causes of the development of the inflammatory process and prolapse of nodes are associated with numerous factors. This occurs as a result of atrophy of ligaments and muscular structures that perform the function of keeping the nodes in the right place. Vascular pathology can develop, as a result of which the patient has degeneration of the cavernous parts, which constitute the node.

It is the cavernous bodies that participate in the process of closure of the sphincter. Therefore, they are of great importance in blood filling. When you visit the toilet in a person there is a reflux of blood, so the elasticity of the anus is reduced, it relaxes. With strong tension or the presence of blood stasis, the nodes lose their location. The result is their slipping and fallout.

Symptoms of pathology depend on the stage of development of the disease .In the normal state of a person there are no signs, they are normal. When they are low, there may be an exit from the anus. The patient experiences discomfort.

The patient senses an anterior object in the anus area, which indicates that the node has fallen out. After the end of the act of defecation, there is a feeling that the intestine is not sufficiently emptied. It is required to treat the pathology at this stage, with the appearance of the first signs, since the further development of the disease leads to an increase in symptoms.

Inflammation of the hemorrhoids and the intensification of the process is manifested through the development of pain syndrome. Often the patient burns, there is itching and discomfort. This has a connection with the release of mucus, which has an irritant effect on the skin of the anal opening. It is at this stage that patients often seek help. Many try to eliminate discomfort by themselves, for which use rectal suppositories. This is unacceptable, because you should first consult with your doctor and choose the right drug.

The development of bleeding is not uncommon. This indicates the continuation of the development of the disease. The walls of the node begin to stretch, which leads to injury. For this reason, during the act of defecation the patient can detect blood spots on toilet paper.

Pain syndrome can be of different strengths. The degree of its manifestation depends on the stage of pathology. During strong pain, the character of the sign is jerky. An unpleasant symptom can be worse. At the beginning of the development of the disease pain is unpleasant, but it has a weak character. It appears as a tingling sensation.

The last sign of the hemorrhoids in progress is the prolapse of the hemorrhoidal node. This often happens when you visit the toilet. The nature of the fallout depends on the stage of the disease. At the beginning of the development of the disease, the nodes fall out during the act of defecation, but their direction occurs independently. As the disease progresses, this process becomes fully controlled by the person, the patient himself directs them. In severe stages of development, hemorrhoids can not be fixed.

2 The development of the disease and its stages

The inflammatory process goes through several stages. At 1 stage, there is a slight increase in the hemorrhoidal node, and the swelling itself may not be recognized by the patient. A patient may accidentally discover a pathology during a visit to a doctor who will examine the rectum. The method of treatment of an ailment is the use of suppositories, which are administered rectally.

The next stage is characterized by a noticeable increase in the hemorrhoidal node, the formation of the foot occurs. The patient clearly senses the presence in the anus of an extraneous object. Often patients seek medical help in this case.

In 3 stages the leg is fully formed. When you visit the toilet, the knot falls out from the anus, and its independent direction is not possible. This stage requires complex treatment, since local therapy with ointments and gels will not give the desired result.

The last stage is characterized by a large size of cones, which often reach 2 cm in diameter. There is their sagging and rectum, which negatively affects the patient's well-being. Often at this stage, complications develop, some cases require urgent surgical intervention.

If hemorrhoids become inflamed and treatment has not been started, it threatens not only the pathology transition to later stages of development, but also various complications that will not take long to wait. These include cracks and abscesses, development of incontinence, the appearance of a rectal fistula, anemia and thrombosis. Particularly dangerous situations are associated with the necrosis of tissues. Ignoring the signs of the disease leads to complications, infection of the blood and sometimes lethal outcome.

3 Diagnosis of

What should a patient do if he has symptoms of inflammation of the hemorrhoidal node? The first action of the patient is connected with a visit to the doctor for the passage of diagnostic measures. At the initial stage of development, a direct examination by the attending physician will suffice. Diagnostic techniques such as anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and the digital form are used.

The finger method is the simplest. The specialist enters his finger into the anus of the patient, the walls are felt, the degree of bowel extension is estimated. The extracted content can be sent for analysis. This content includes feces, mucus, and in the presence of - blood.

In case of insufficient information received, anoscopy is used. The patient is made an enema, and then injected into the cavity of the anus a special device - an anoscope. The technique allows to detect the presence of tumors, especially, dangerous( malignant).Using the device, you can assess the state of the shells of the rectum.

The most accurate method of investigation is sigmoidoscopy. During the anoscopy, the patient is examined for a space of 6 cm from the beginning of the anal opening. With sigmoidoscopy, this distance increases many times( up to 30 cm).For this reason, a more complete examination of the tissues is possible. The presence of an optical device with magnification makes it possible to notice even the smallest changes. Diagnosis allows you to determine the tactics of treatment, so the question of how to relieve the inflammation of hemorrhoids, is not difficult.

4 Methods of treatment of pathology

Than to treat an inflammatory process? The question is logical, as patients tend to get rid of unpleasant signs of pathology. To further not inflamed nodes, treatment must begin in a timely manner. At the first stage of hemorrhoids development ointments, cream and candles are used. Local therapy allows you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms. In addition, the therapy is aimed at getting rid of puffiness and eliminating the inflammatory process. There are candles that have a tonic effect. This avoids repeated dropouts.

In the absence of complications and other diseases, especially thrombosis, the inflammation of the hemorrhoidal node is eliminated without the use of an operational technique.

Surgical intervention is necessary in cases when candles and ointments did not bring the desired result. Minimally invasive intervention is represented by several treatment options - infrared photocoagulation and sclerotherapy.

The first technique is used if the nodes have reached small sizes. The Venus of the node is affected by a certain radiation. As a result, the flow of blood to the inflamed areas decreases, the node does not receive nutrients, which leads to the cessation of inflammation. How to treat inflammation with sclerotherapy? With sclerotherapy, a special drug is introduced into the nodes, which helps reduce nodes.

Proximal ligation is also used, which also applies to minimally invasive methods of treatment. In this case, the arteries are bandaged, which feed the inflamed nodes. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, so for patients it is absolutely painless.

A similar procedure occurs in the following method. The difference is in the installation of rings that pinch the knot. The supply of nutrient components stops, which leads after some time to the death of the node. The operating technique is used at the last stages of the development of the inflammatory process, in the presence of complications or a threat to the health and life of the patient.

5 Elimination of complications

Hemorrhoids can cause various complications in the presence of an inflammatory process. A frequent complication is thrombosis. In this situation, both conservative methods and operational methods for eliminating pathology and complications are used. The choice of a particular method depends on the stage of the ailment.

If hemorrhoidal nodes are inflamed and thrombosis is formed, then the patient should limit his motor activity. Large loads are completely prohibited. Compliance with diet allows you to avoid the deterioration of the situation. Sharp food and alcohol should be excluded from the diet. Warm baths and a heating pad are used, which should be used for 20 minutes 3 times a day.

As with hemorrhoids coming out, the use of candles can be ineffective. A specialist, depending on the situation, may prescribe Detralex and the following ointments:

1. Heparin ointment.
2. Troquesvazin Ointment.
3. Venobene.

They accelerate the process of blood clot resorption. The duration of therapy does not exceed 45 days. A more effective and quick technique is thrombectomy. Inflamed hemorrhoids are eliminated by thrombus elimination through surgical intervention. The patient comes a long-awaited relief, the pain ceases to manifest itself, as they stop, and the node falls off. Radical methods are used after a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, taking into account the peculiarities of the situation and risks.

6 Prophylactic measures

Inflammation of hemorrhoids can be prevented, but in the case if you deal with your health. An important component of prevention is personal hygiene. It is an important aspect and in the presence of an inflammatory process, since caring for the anal region helps to avoid infection and create favorable conditions for inflammation. After the act of defecation, appropriate measures should be taken to maintain cleanliness. The use of baths helps improve blood microcirculation.

Constipation often leads to the formation of pathology. Improper nutrition, insufficient amounts of vitamins, digestive problems and toilet visits all create favorable conditions for the hemorrhoids to become inflamed and fall out.

It is recommended to carry out periodic cleansing of the intestine and use drugs that help to normalize the intestinal microflora. Unhealthy food, alcoholic beverages and other traumatic factors should be eliminated. That category of people who have to lead a sedentary lifestyle, you should go in for sports or take breaks with gymnastics. In this case, the chances of avoiding the development of an inflammatory process are increased.