1 Acute phase
In acute illness, the inflammation of the appendix develops in stages. The patient's condition worsens gradually.
- Catarrhal - inflammation affects only the mucous organ. Patients at this stage, as a rule, do not pay attention to minor painful symptoms and do not consult a doctor. This leads to the further development of the disease.
- Superficial - because of the progression of the malaise on the surface of the mucosa, the first lesions begin to appear.
- Phlegmonous - at this stage, all layers of the appendix are susceptible to inflammation.
- Phlegmonous-ulcerative - on the process appear ulcers.
- Gangrenous - doctors diagnose the death of the walls of the organ. Gangrenous appendicitis often causes death.
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If acute appendicitis appears, symptoms of gangrenous lesion may appear already for 2 days. That is, from the initial to the final stage, no more than 2 days pass. That is why at the first symptoms of this disease doctors advise to immediately go to the hospital. Sometimes every minute counts. If the disease has already reached the phlegmonous stage, then the risk of complications increases dramatically.
2 The first indicators of the disease
The first signs of appendicitis are basically:
- Pain syndrome.
At the onset of the disease, patients complain of constant dull pain, which is located near the navel or in the upper abdomen. Less pain is observed directly in the iliac region or spreads throughout the abdomen. Pain in women and men becomes stronger when walking, laughing, sneezing and coughing. Unpleasant sensations can increase during the torso of the body in any direction. In elderly people, the pain syndrome most often does not appear at all.
Sometimes an appendix is not atypical. In this case, pain can appear in any part of the abdomen. Often it is given in the lower back and genitals.
Within a few hours the pain syndrome is felt directly in the appendix area. It is necessary to be cautious in the event that after some time the painful sensations completely disappear. In this case, doctors, as a rule, diagnose gangrenous appendicitis( death of nerve endings occurs).
-
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- Elevated temperature.
With the above described disease, the body temperature rises slightly( about 37-38 ° C).If the temperature rises above 38 ° C, then this is a clear sign of the progression of the inflammatory process.
- Language.
Appendicitis inflammations can also be diagnosed by the condition of the patient's tongue. At the initial stages of the development of the disease, the tongue of patients is wet and covered with a white coating. After a while there is dryness of the tongue, which indicates inflammation of the peritoneum.
- Chair.
The patient may experience constipation or diarrhea. Constipation is most often observed in the elderly. If the appendix is located in the area of the small intestine loops, then in most cases diarrhea appears.
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- Bad sleep.
In women and men, due to a strong pain syndrome, sleep is disturbed.
3 Etiology of
The above described symptoms of appendicitis in adults are found in most cases. However, sometimes other symptoms join this disease, which can be very dangerous for a person. First of all, it is a pain syndrome, which subsides a few hours after its appearance. The disappearance of pain is most often associated with rupture of the walls of the appendix. After a while, the pain appears with a new force and does not lend itself to cupping. In this case, it will not work without the help of specialists.
Permanent vomiting is very dangerous to health, which does not bring relief. In this case, there is a high risk of dehydration. Sometimes patients are diagnosed with an increase in temperature above 39 ° C.In rare cases, there is a drop in body temperature to critically low values.
The dangerous symptoms of appendicitis in women and men include muscle tension and a strong pain syndrome that appears at the time of tapping or tapping the abdomen. Rarely, but with the above described disease there is delirium, confusion and fading of reflexes.
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4 Chronic course of the disease
This type of inflammation of the appendix is extremely rare( no more than 1% of cases of appendicitis diagnosis).In chronic illness, patients complain of unstable pain in the right hypochondrium. Diagnosis of this disease can only be a qualified specialist after a special examination.
Signs in adults of this form of ailment are often reminiscent of other diseases of the abdominal organs. Patients should first of all pay attention to the rarely appearing mild pain that increases during the movement of the upper part of the trunk. The period of exacerbation is characterized by the same symptoms as the acute form of the disease.
5 Atypical forms of
Signs of appendicitis in men and women may be atypical and indicate the development of an atypical form of the disease.
- Empyema is the rarest form of appendicitis.
She is characterized by pain, which immediately appears directly in the right hypochondrium. Unpleasant symptoms manifest slowly. The signs of intoxication appear, as a rule, only after 3-5 days.
- Retrocecal - is also rare.
Patients complain of a frequent semi-fluid stool with mucus particles, elevated body temperature and almost imperceptible symptoms of irritation of the peritoneum. Sometimes such patients feel only a weak lumbar pain, giving to the right hip.
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- Pelvic - occurs, as a rule, only in women.
This type of disease is characterized by mucous diarrhea, impaired urination and mildly expressed symptoms of intoxication. Pain syndrome is localized in the lower abdomen( mostly in the navel region).
- Left-sided - with such appendicitis, all the above symptoms are observed.
The main difference is that they are felt in the left iliac triangle. Left-sided appendicitis is diagnosed in patients with the reverse location of internal organs and in the event that the cecum is abnormally active.
- Appendicitis in pregnant women.
Most often, expectant mothers are diagnosed with moderate pain syndrome( closer to the right hypochondrium).Also, in pregnant women, the temperature rises slightly and mild signs of irritation of the peritoneum appear.
6 Diagnosis in women
It is possible to diagnose the above described disease in women due to the following symptoms:
- Symptom Zhendrinsky.
When a doctor presses on a point 2 cm below the navel in the prone position, the woman begins to complain of a rather severe pain that increases when you get up. If the inflammatory process has affected the organs of the small pelvis, the pain sensations on rising, on the contrary, decrease.
- Symptom Promptova.
With a vaginal examination, the medic grips the uterus with 2 fingers and swings back and forth. If a woman develops appendicitis, then with such manipulations, the pain syndrome will not.
7 Clinical picture in men
Diagnosis of appendicitis in men is possible due to the following symptoms:
- Britten's symptom. The doctor feels the zone, which is more susceptible to the pain syndrome. If this appendicitis, then the man's right testicle is pulled up the scrotum.
- Symptom of Laroc. Symptoms of inflammation can be diagnosed by spontaneous pulling of the right testicle.
- Symptom of Horn. If a man developed appendicitis, then when you sip the base of the scrotum, pain will appear in the right testicle.
Not every problem with appendicitis can be called appendicitis. So, for example, pain in the right hypochondrium from the side of the appendix may indicate not an inflammatory process, but another problem. Very often, with such symptoms, convulsions are diagnosed. In this case, doctors talk about such a phenomenon as a false appendicitis.
Causes of appendectomy may be caused by such factors as instant narrowing of the lumen, a sharp contraction of the muscular layer and an increase in the follicles. With false appendicitis, patients complain of painful sensations that appear only after muscle contractions. With this disease state, as a rule, there is no increase in temperature and the appearance of signs of intoxication of the body.
8 Medical measures
If there are unpleasant symptoms, appendicitis in men and women should begin to be treated in the near future. Treatment of this disease state implies surgery with removal of the appendix. During the operation, the doctors perform an incision in the right lower abdominal region of the abdomen. The incision is small( not more than 5-10 cm).After removal of the appendix, the physicians wash the area where the outgrowth was, an antiseptic. Next, it remains only to sew the wound. Treatment of the above-described disease involves taking antibacterial drugs before, during and after surgery.
Treating appendicitis on your own at home is by no means impossible. This is likely to lead to complications. Before the arrival of doctors, you can not use hot water bottles. They are unknowingly put on the stomach area. Heat only contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process. Do not take painkillers and antispasmodics. They can make it difficult to diagnose. Experts do not advise to eat and drink a lot when the above symptoms appear. Ideally, you should completely stop drinking and eating before the doctors arrive.
Contents- 1 Acute phase
- 2 First indices of the disease
- 3 Etiology of the disease
- 4 Chronic course of the disease
- 5 Atypical forms
- 6 Diagnosis in women
- 7 Clinical picture in men
- 8 Treatment measures
If appendicitis has been diagnosed, the symptoms in adults are undeniable and should be the cause of urgent medical attention. By appendicitis is meant an inflammatory lesion of the appendix of the cecum( appendix).It should be noted that this disease is much more often diagnosed in women aged 20 to 40 years.
Appendicitis can be acute and chronic. Symptoms of this disease directly depend on the type of disease.
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