Low hemoglobin in the newborn baby. Causes and effects of what to do

For most parents, the birth of a quiet, sedentary child a feeling of satisfaction. In practice, lethargy often indicates a low level of hemoglobin, which is the norm in newborns in 1.8-2 times higher than for adults.

If the time to detect the problem, vital signs can be normalized after 3 months. Delay is fraught with complications, up to the child's mental retardation.

Norms of hemoglobin in a child up to a year

Hemoglobin - a protein conveying oxygen by blood to the tissues of the body, consisting of a radical of transferrin iron atom, an oxygen molecule.

Total transfer scheme is as follows:

• attached to red blood cells hemoglobin;
• erythrocyte carried by the blood throughout the body;
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• if the path of the red blood cell there is a sufficient potential difference - oxygen molecule is attached to the tissues - a complex molecule in hemoglobin and red blood cell is destroyed.

Fetus Fetal hemoglobin - 1 erythrocyte carries more oxygen molecules. Indicators of red blood cells and hemoglobin are interrelated. Normal hemoglobin and low red blood cells show reduction of oxidative processes in the body, disrupting the work of the spleen. High erythrocytes low hemoglobin - a metabolic disorder.

Low red blood cells and hemoglobin - a lack of iron. Decreased hemoglobin, accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure, weakness, and a number of external specific manifestations, is called anemia.

Age	Norma hemoglobin	Norma erythrocytes
From birth to 2 days	125-220	145-225
2-7 day	135-215	135-215
7-14 day	115-180	125-205
15-30 day	90-180	100-180
1-3 months.	90-140	100-160
3-6 months.	95-140	95-135
6-12 months.	90-130	100-140

After weaning hemoglobin level may be reduced. No more than 10% below the lower threshold standards.

Causes

Low hemoglobin can be diagnosed in the newborn for the following reasons:

• Acceptance of medications during pregnancy, reducing hemoglobin:

1. steroids, antibiotics, tetracycline, penicillin series of macrolides;
2. products and preparations with vitamin E in high doses;
3. chemotherapy.

• Infectious diseases of mother, the flow of which is associated with a prolonged period of high temperature.
• Unbalanced diet, alcohol abuse, tobacco-smoking, reception of psychotropic drugs (antidepressants).
• lack of fluid in the diet.
• Congenital diseases of the bone marrow and / or spleen.
• Nervous stress during pregnancy.

  

• Low levels of estrogen and progesterone during gestation.
• Premature Translation child on artificial feeding and, as a consequence, the rejection by the body baby some food additives.
• Lack of oxygen in the room, operation of the drying air heating appliances.
• Lack lactobacteria over colibacteria that leads to the splitting surface of mother's milk, oxidation of iron to the toxins in the colon.
• Premature birth - the hemoglobin falls within 2-3 weeks; Difficulty diagnosis - anemia symptoms are confused with the weakening of the preterm infant.
• Multiple pregnancy - decreased hemoglobin with 3 months of age.
• Severe blood loss.
• Frequent diarrhea.
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), preventing the absorption of iron: colitis, ulcers, goiter grade 2-3, galactosemia.
• Congenital heart defects.
• In infectious diseases of iron consumed for the production of antibodies.
• Internal bleeding.
• Hereditary anemia.

symptomatology

Low hemoglobin in the newborn is accompanied by characteristic symptoms:

• The first manifestations: pallor and looseness gums, skin pallor.
• constant drowsiness - insufficient oxygen supply of brain cells, in combination with low blood pressure.
• Decreased appetite or lack thereof, plus dry tongue in the presence of lumps thickened saliva - dry mucous precondition to dysbiosis.
• bleeding nasal indicates that the blood liquid, cholesterol plaques formed due to slow oxidative process, decomposition of complex fatty compounds. It comes increased blood pressure, chronic headaches.

Typical symptoms are the reduction of hemoglobin only pallor and sleepiness. Loss of appetite due to lower acidity in the digestive tract - is a violation of the enzymatic ability of gastric juice. The remaining symptoms - symptoms any concomitant diseases.

complications

The most dangerous complication - cerebral hypoxia. Due to lack of oxygen slows down the formation of connections between neurons (synapses) - slow development, mental retardation. Also suffer brain gland pineal, pituitary and hypothalamus: reduced vision until complete blindness, hearing impairment and coordination of movement.

Other complications:

• Increased bilirubin - liver disease, cerebral encephalopathy - a prerequisite to cirrhosis.
• A slight increase in body temperature with infectious diseases or her decline - the immune system does not respond, or responds poorly to foreign organisms.
• Tendency to suppuration.
• Susceptibility to contact allergy.
• Blood cancer, leukemia.
• Untreated anemia can lead to muscle atrophy, bone marrow destruction.
• vascular fragility - heart attacks, strokes.
• Anemia usually occurs together with dysbacteriosis 1 degree; advanced forms - 4 degrees.
• Prolonged anoxia - a prerequisite to the syndrome of the vertebral artery, the porosity of the vertebrae of the cervical spine, nervous disorders Frank nerve.
• Propensity to allergic manifestations.
• The drawback of macro and micronutrients due to decreased removals walls of the small and large intestines.

Increased hemoglobin leads to premature aging of the organism, metabolic disorders, accelerated formation of cholesterol plaques: sclerosis, atherosclerosis. A lot of iron, as well as the lack of it - soft tissue dehydration. Excessive immunity stimulates antibodies attack healthy cells - an autoimmune disease.

Diagnostics

A low level of hemoglobin in newborns has a main diagnostic method - complete blood count (hemogram analysis: balance of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and color index).

According to the ratio of the stage can be determined and the cause of the pathology:

• Early stage of anemia: red blood cells, and the color index is normal; there is little noticeable pallor on the hands, face, loss of appetite and deterioration of health may not be manifested; Hemoglobin may be reduced due to iron shortage or excess of vitamin E.
• Red blood cells are below normal, a color index below 0.8 - a lack of iron; If hemoglobin is reduced for 3-5 days at a stable erythrocytes - leaching of iron from the body - a hidden infection, internal hemorrhage, heart problems.
• Red blood cells are normal, the hemoglobin falls, increased basophils and / or eosinophils - a hidden flow of allergies, intestinal worms.
• Normal hemoglobin at elevated or low erythrocyte - hemophilia (incorrect structure hemoglobin molecule - 1, the erythrocytes to adhere more oxygen molecules - more Survey).
• At low ESR and hemoglobin high leukocytes regardless of the indicator erythrocytes - Autoimmune or immune origin of bone disease (aged 3 years pathology can be cured).

The second stage of diagnostics - blood chemistry. When anemia decreases the level of iron and transferrin. If transferrin increased - the body easily digestible baby receives enough oxygen - temporarily exclude food supplements with vitamins E, K. Electrocardiogram: if the hemoglobin is lowered 3-7 days and longer - upper systolic murmurs.

Other techniques such as support, if anemia has caused complications:

• Abdominal ultrasound - with elevated bilirubin, liver diagnostics general condition. If the red blood cells in 1.5-2 times and more higher than the content of hemoglobin - the parameters of the spleen.
• A blood test to kologrammu - anemia for more than 15 days, a high ESR, aching bones and joints.
• Electroencephalogram - severe lethargy, defocusing toddler movements.

When conducting diagnostic tool for determining the state of soft tissues, radiographic methods, is replaced by a function of ultrasonic ehoskanirovaniya.

Treatment

Medications raising hemoglobin to combine with a balanced diet. In some cases, a blood transfusion.

drug therapy

Low hemoglobin in the newborn normal medications, vitamin complexes. The mother can take folk remedies as an adjuvant treatment. A balanced diet - 70% treatment success.

The main objective of medical treatment - compensation for a lack of iron in the body. The optimum shape for the assimilation of children under one year - a divalent iron sulfate. Sulfur decreases the probability of allergy, has no destructive effect on blood vessel walls.

To consolidate the effect and to prevent prescribed vitamins. Mainly prescribed oral form of release. If the absorption of iron difficult due to gastrointestinal pathologies or dysbiosis - infusion.

• Sorbifer:

1. Sulfate 2-valent iron with ascorbic acid;
2. in Table 1. 100 mg iron;
3. dosage 3.5 mg calculated for 1 kg, at low absorption can be up to 5 mg / kg;
4. adverse events - black feces;
5. means drink water or juice.

• Aktiferin:

1. Sulfate 2-valent iron: release forms - drops, capsules, syrup;
2. 3.5 calculation, a maximum of 5 mg / kg;
3. daily dosage divided into 3 times, taking 2 hours before a meal, drink a small amount of water;
4. give the child only if it is bottle-fed, it is undesirable to 6 months;
5. adverse events - dyspepsia, nausea.

• Maltofer:

1. 3-valent iron maltose;
2. capsules, drops, syrup;
3. to give only during normal operation of the gastrointestinal tract, no damage mucosal normal gas formation;
4. Dosage - 3.5-5 mg / kg;
5. adverse reactions - as allergic rashes, itching, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence strong;
6. if there are adverse events - replace analogue.

vitamins:

• C (ascorbic acid) - accelerates oxidative processes, immunomodulator.
• B9 (folic acid) - normalizes iron metabolism.
• B12 (cyanocobalamin) - normalizes blood circulation, a slight relaxation of blood vessel walls.

The duration of treatment no more than 21 days, if the figures do not bounce back - substitution of analogue with a detailed study of the composition of blood. Prevention - no longer than 30 days.

Blood transfusion

The procedure is performed if the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes is 5 or more times below normal high bilirubin and / or there is a threat normal CNS function. The donor must have the same group, and Rh. If you can not - for compatibility group table, but with a high risk of rejection.

Transfusion through the umbilical vein. High risk of autoimmune diseases - rejection of erythrocytes. After the procedure is not prescribed iron supplements.

Features food nursing mothers and grudnichka

Child nutrition is introduced 6-8 months. exceptions:

• contraindications associated with taking medications and some infectious diseases from the mother;
• contraindications associated with defects of the oral infant device;
• the lack of milk in nursing mothers.

During pregnancy and hepatitis B in the mother's diet should be:

• gras, preferably calf;
• vegetables fruits;
• fish;
• poultry, veal;
• milk products;
• bakery products from wheat flour;
• cereals - millet, sago, buckwheat, wheat;
• hard cheese.

In some cases, the mother's body selects the diet on an intuitive level, which can not be denied. But do not abuse the fried, smoked, fat, spicy. Acute better to replace the pickled vegetables. Minimize pickled vegetables.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for infants is strictly prohibited. They cause mental retardation, seizures, lack of calcium, increase in blood pressure. They can not take nursing mothers up to 8 months. After - broths must have clearly pronounced taste, bitterness, saturated colors. These dosage divided into 2.

It is strictly forbidden to use celandine, wormwood, St. John's wort, nettle, dandelion, since it may be the baby asphyxia. To sweeten juices, tea, use honey.

Juices, teas should not be concentrated:

• 100 g of strawberry or strawberry juice, 150 g of pumpkin connect gradually, slowly stirring drink half an hour before feeding.
• 100 g cherry juice beat with 100 grams of 1 hour and squash. l. honey; consumed an hour before feeding.
• 200 ml of milk for 1 st. l. of ground cherries, blueberries, any citrus fruit, except lemon; whisk to foam; add a 4-5 Art. l. condensed milk, or incomplete item. l. honey.

Low hemoglobin in the newborn effectively enhance unpretentious cooking dishes:

• 200 g grated on a coarse grater boiled beets; 4 yolk rub on beet grater; 2 tbsp. l. or black caviar; mayonnaise or sour cream.
• 150 g of boiled, grated on a coarse grater beets, 200 g of sliced ​​cooked fish fillet; 2 tbsp. l. prograted stripped prunes, 1 tomato, cut into small thin slices, 100 g of grated cheese (preferably salted varieties); lay in a dish in layers in a random order.
• Karp after cleaning must not weigh less than 2.5 kg; for stuffing in equal parts: minced chicken, boiled grated carrots, grated cheese; 6 boiled eggs, 1 tbsp. l. semolina 1 h. l. dill seed, 1,5 art. l. greens (dill, parsley) salt; for big fish (2.5 to 3 kg) 1 kg of the mixture leaves; tightly stuff the carcass closely bond toothpicks; podsolit top carefully, tightly wrap with foil and bake.

Dr. Komarovsky of low hemoglobin in infants

The main focus of E. ABOUT. Komorowski focuses on a balanced diet and non-self-medications without undergoing a full examination.

Eugene O. gives the following advice:

• In lung stages anemia normalize hemoglobin product with a high iron content; unlike traditional diets, you can eat tomatoes.
• Seafood, nuts, dried mushrooms mother should be used with caution, because the baby allergy can manifest.
• There is no direct link between the goat's milk and iron level in the blood of the child.
• Up to 3 months of age in grudnichka diet adapted to add bait with iron and vitamin B
• Grudnichka take out into the fresh air, sunny days in the summer the walk can be extended up to 4 hours.
• Light step anemia is no reason to carry vaccination; with strong deviations from the norm - the procedure of transfer of 2-3 months.

If the hemoglobin level in the newborn is low, it indicates a lack of or poor iron absorption, in some cases, an excess of antioxidants in milk or baits. Drug treatment is carried out only by a pediatrician appointment.

Balanced maternal nutrition during pregnancy and hepatitis B provides 70% of normal hemoglobin in infants. If you do not take to normalize the index measures, possible complications, up to mental retardation and cardiac arrest.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of low hemoglobin in infants

Komorowski will talk about what to do with the low hemoglobin: